scholarly journals Positive Youth Development in the Context of Climate Change: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Pereira ◽  
Teresa Freire
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Youth Development ◽  
Positive Youth Development ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Interdisciplinary Studies ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
Development Framework

Climate change has been acknowledged as one of the most significant current threats for younger generations. However, few studies have focused on climate change impacts on youth and how they can be supported. The purpose of this systematic review is to emphasize that a developmental perspective is fundamental within the interdisciplinary studies concerning climate change. Specifically, we focus our research on how the Positive Youth Development framework may inform future approaches to promote adolescents' and young adults' well-being and engagement in the context of climate change. A systematic review was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The search comprised two databases, and a total of 13 articles were finally considered eligible for review. Data were analyzed using a narrative method. The results show that the Positive Youth Development theory is not yet directly embedded in existing studies concerning adolescents and young adults in the context of climate change, but some of its principles were identified. Examples are provided of how Positive Youth Development characteristics and constructs can enhance future research, practice, and policies. We highlight this framework as an innovative and promising approach in the context of climate change.

How a Positive Youth Development Framework Can Improve Lives of Excluded People

2021 ◽  
pp. 175-196
Author(s):  
Marija Bingulac
Keyword(s):  
Youth Development ◽  
Positive Youth Development ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Compulsory Education ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Education Policies ◽  
Development Framework ◽  
Original Survey ◽  
Educational Inclusion

Roma continue to face numerous challenges in Serbia, including disproportionately high rates of illiteracy and school dropout, poverty, unemployment, and discrimination. The Serbian government has pursued education policies relevant for Romani children and youth, but implementation efforts have not resulted in educational inclusion nor in raising the economic situation of the Roma citizens. This chapter presents participatory evaluation results of an alternative educational program in Belgrade, Serbia, that uses the positive youth development (PYD) framework to assist marginalized Roma youth to enroll in the mainstream educational system. This mixed-method study consisted of in-depth interviews with 80 respondents and an empirical analysis of an original survey of financial well-being used to assess the overall impact of the program. Perhaps most importantly, the voices of the real experts on poverty and educational needs—the Romani youth and their families who have experienced these realities—personally are brought forth. One important finding highlights the need for both education and labor market policies to be designed and implemented in concert with each other and taking into account the need of Roma youth to contribute to families’ total income. Mainstream compulsory education can inadvertently hurt the Roma family who, with no expectations of long-term returns on educational attainment, view their son’s or daughter’s time in school as a loss of essential family income. These realities—a policy mismatch between what Roma need and government’s inclusion efforts—are explored in depth in this chapter.

scholarly journals Social well-being among adolescents and young adults with cancer: A systematic review

Cancer ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 122 (7) ◽  
pp. 1029-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Echo L. Warner ◽  
Erin E. Kent ◽  
Kelly M. Trevino ◽  
Helen M. Parsons ◽  
Bradley J. Zebrack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults

scholarly journals Impact of Green Space Exposure on Children’s and Adolescents’ Mental Health: A Systematic Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gert-Jan Vanaken ◽  
Marina Danckaerts
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Developmental Problems ◽  
Mental Well Being

In recent years, the interest in the relationship between exposure to green spaces and children’s and adolescents’ mental health has risen. This systematic review aims to provide an overview of observational studies assessing the association between empirical green space exposure with standardized outcome measures of mental health problems, mental well-being and developmental problems in children, adolescents and young adults. The PRISMA statement guidelines for reporting systematic reviews were followed. A PubMed and Scopus search resulted in the inclusion of 21 studies. The evidence consistently suggests a beneficial association between green space exposure and children’s emotional and behavioral difficulties, particularly with hyperactivity and inattention problems. Limited evidence suggests a beneficial association with mental well-being in children and depressive symptoms in adolescents and young adults. These beneficial associations are resistant to adjustment for demographic and socio-economic confounders, which thus may represent independent links. Mediating factors and the variability of this association between different age groups are discussed. From a precautionary principle, evidence up to now demands the attention of policy makers, urban planners and mental healthcare workers in order to protect children’s and adolescents’ mental health in light of rapid global urbanization by providing sufficient exposure to green spaces.

scholarly journals Neuroimaging Findings in Adolescents and Young Adults with Anorexia Nervosa: A Systematic Review

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Kalliopi Kappou ◽  
Myrto Ntougia ◽  
Aikaterini Kourtesi ◽  
Eleni Panagouli ◽  
Elpis Vlachopapadopoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Pubmed Central ◽  
Executive Control Network ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Weight Restoration

Background: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious, multifactorial mental disorder affecting predominantly young females. This systematic review examines neuroimaging findings in adolescents and young adults up to 24 years old, in order to explore alterations associated with disease pathophysiology. Methods: Eligible studies on structural and functional brain neuroimaging were sought systematically in PubMed, CENTRAL and EMBASE databases up to 5 October 2020. Results: Thirty-three studies were included, investigating a total of 587 patients with a current diagnosis of AN and 663 healthy controls (HC). Global and regional grey matter (GM) volume reduction as well as white matter (WM) microstructure alterations were detected. The mainly affected regions were the prefrontal, parietal and temporal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, insula, thalamus and cerebellum as well as various WM tracts such as corona radiata and superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF). Regarding functional imaging, alterations were pointed out in large-scale brain networks, such as default mode network (DMN), executive control network (ECN) and salience network (SN). Most findings appear to reverse after weight restoration. Specific limitations of neuroimaging studies in still developing individuals are also discussed. Conclusions: Structural and functional alterations are present in the early course of the disease, most of them being partially or totally reversible. Nonetheless, neuroimaging findings have been open to many biological interpretations. Thus, more studies are needed to clarify their clinical significance.

scholarly journals Psychological Morbidity among University Students in Hong Kong (2014–2018): Psychometric Properties of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) and Related Correlates

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8305
Author(s):  
Xiang Li ◽  
Daniel T. L. Shek ◽  
Esther Y. W. Shek
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
University Students ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Youth Development ◽  
Positive Youth Development ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Morbidity

Although mental health problems among Hong Kong university students are serious, there is a lack of studies examining the psychometric properties of related assessment scales and correlates. This study attempted to validate the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) in Hong Kong university students and examine the demographic (gender), time (cohort), and well-being correlates (positive youth development attributes and life satisfaction) of psychological morbidity. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to examine the factor structure of the DASS (n = 6704). Gender and cohort invariance were further established using a multigroup CFA. The three-factor model of the DASS showed a superior fit and factorial invariance across gender and five different cohorts. Regarding gender and cohort correlates of psychological morbidity, males exhibited more depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms than their female counterparts. The intensity of psychological distress also escalated after the Umbrella Movement in 2014. Furthermore, well-being measures (positive youth development and life satisfaction) were negatively associated with depression, anxiety, and stress. In short, the Chinese DASS demonstrated good psychometric properties. This study also showed that gender, cohort (occurrence of political events), and well-being were associated with psychological morbidity indexed by the DASS measures.

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