Perspectives on Socio-Educational Inclusion of Children with Special Educational Needs

The socio-educational inclusion of children with special educational needs is an insufficiently explored topic in Romania, despite the fact that we are part of many international organizations that support human rights and an increasing number of nationally ratified conventions. This paper aims to capture the perception and attitude of teachers on the rights and possibilities of these children to integrate into mainstream education, identifying obstacles and possible solutions. The study was conducted through an opinion poll and a focus group with the participation of teachers from mainstream education units.The main conclusions show that regular education will not be able to integrate children with special educational needs, in the absence of differentiated teaching/ learning, programs and assessments tailored to the specifics of each child, a thorough training of teachers and support of specialized staff, parents and community.

‘Alaqat Dilaliyyah baina Alfaz al-Ruh wa al-Nafs wa al-Qalb fi al-Qur’an al-Karim

This research aims to know the verses of using the terms spirit, soul, and heart in the Holy Quran, knowing its lexical and contextual meanings, knowing the relationship of its significance, and knowing the educational inclusion of its significance. This research is based on thinking that the words in the Qur'an have a semantic and contextual relationship and the educational inclusion of the meanings of the words soul, soul and heart in it depends on the science of Islamic education. As for the method used in this research, it is the method for analyzing the content with a semantic analysis, whereby the research is directed to analyzing the meanings of words. As for the entry in this research, it is the qualitative entry. By not researching the writer, we obtained the results from it. In the verses that contain the words of the soul, the soul, the heart and the like there are many, and each of its words has different meanings. The writers found the educational inclusion of the use of the words of soul, soul and title, which includes a method of Islamic education, which is the method of abandonment, sweetening, manifestation and the method of attachment, creation, verification, method of worship and the method of supplication, remembrance.

O Papel do Apoiador Escolar na Educação Inclusiva / The Importance of the School Supporter in Inclusive Education

Resumo: A educação inclusiva é conhecida como uma forma de trabalhar com crianças com necessidades especiais no ambiente escolar. Vista de forma mais ampla, ela tem o papel de acolher a diversidade e dar assistência a todos os estudantes, pois o objetivo da inclusão educacional é acabar com a exclusão social. O trabalho de pesquisa tem como objetivo avaliar as dificuldades encontradas pelos professores apoiadores das salas de aula, saber qual o suporte e formação que recebe para atuar. Além disso, a pesquisa possibilita compreender a realidade da inclusão a partir de redes de ensino diferentes, a pública e a privada. A metodologia aplicada incluiu dados da observação da sala de aula no intuito de narrar e analisar o cotidiano do “professor apoiador escolar”. O trabalho foi realizado na Cidade de Salgueiro/PE, e em Umãs/PE, com apoiadores escolares de três escolas, os participantes foram apoiadores escolhidos em turmas aleatórias, em um total de 10 apoiadores de sala de aula.---Inclusive education is known as a way of working with children with special needs in the school environment. Viewed more broadly, it has the role of welcoming diversity and providing assistance to all students, as the objective of educational inclusion is to end social exclusion. The research work aims to assess the difficulties encountered by supportive teachers in the classroom, to know what support and training they receive to act. In addition, the research makes it possible to understand the reality of inclusion from different educational networks, public and private. The methodology applied included data from classroom observation in order to narrate and analyze the daily life of the “supporting school teacher”. The work was carried out in the City of Salgueiro/PE, and in Umãs/PE, with school supporters from three schools, the participants were supporters chosen in random groups, in a total of 10 classroom supporters.

Inclusão escolar de jovens e adultos com deficiência: vivências e possibilidades na escola pública

Este estudo emerge das leituras e discussões envolvendo a inclusão educacional de jovens e adultos com deficiência na escola regular do estado Ceará e se configura como uma ferramenta para a reflexão sobre os papéis desempenhados por gestores, professores e alunos no processo de inclusão desses alunos, bem como sobre a responsabilidade da escola na promoção de uma educação de qualidade para todos. Este estudo, cujo objetivo é analisar a situação de desenvolvimento do processo de inclusão de jovens e adultos com deficiência na escola pública brasileira, especificamente no contexto do estado do Ceará, a partir do exame de como as ações de apoio a esses alunos têm sido geridas por gestores e professores, com vistas à aprendizagem significativa e ao bem-estar do aluno, assim como das perspectivas dos alunos sobre o processo de inclusão na escola regular noturna, está vinculado ao projeto de doutorado desenvolvido na Universidade de Coimbra, que aborda a inclusão escolar de alunos com deficiência na modalidade Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA). Os resultados evidenciam que as mudanças não conseguem incluir todas as pessoas, em todas as suas necessidades e continuam privilegiando alguns, enquanto excluem sistematicamente muitos outros, exigindo um redesenho do contexto educacional brasileiro, que privilegie as experiências e saberes dos alunos e intensifique as relações com as comunidades onde o processo educativo se consolida.Palavras-chave: Escola regular noturna; Educação de Jovens e Adultos; Inclusão de alunos com deficiência.School inclusion of youth and adults with disabilities: experiences and possibilities in public schoolABSTRACTThis study emerges from readings and discussions involving the educational inclusion of young people and adults with disabilities in regular schools in the state of Ceará and is configured as a tool for reflection on the roles played by managers, teachers and students in the process of inclusion of these students, as well as on the school's responsibility in promoting quality education for all. This study, whose objective is to analyze the situation of development of the process of inclusion of young people and adults with disabilities in Brazilian public schools, specifically in the context of the state of Ceará, from an examination of how actions to support these students have been managed by managers and teachers, with a view to meaningful learning and student well-being, as well as the students' perspectives on the inclusion process in the regular night school, is linked to the doctoral project developed at the University of Coimbra, which addresses the inclusion of students with disabilities in the Education of Young People and Adults (EJA) modality. The results show that the changes cannot include all people, in all their needs and continue to privilege some, while systematically excluding many others, requiring a redesign of the Brazilian educational context, which privileges students' experiences and knowledge and intensify relations with the communities where the educational process is consolidated.Keywords: Regular night school; Education for Youths and Adults; Inclusion of students with disabilities.Inclusión escolar de jóvenes y adultos con discapacidad: experiencias y possibilidades em la escuela públicaRESUMENEste estudio surge de lecturas y discusiones que involucran la inclusión educativa de jóvenes y adultos con discapacidad en las escuelas regulares del estado de Ceará y se configura como una herramienta de reflexión sobre los roles que desempeñan los directivos, docentes y estudiantes en el proceso de inclusión de estos, así como sobre la responsabilidad de la escuela de promover una educación de calidad para todos. Este estudio, cuyo objetivo analizar la situación de desarrollo del proceso de inclusión de jóvenes y adultos con discapacidad en las escuelas públicas brasileñas, específicamente en el contexto del estado de Ceará, a partir de un examen de cómo se han gestionado las acciones de apoyo a estos estudiantes, por administradores y profesores, con miras a un aprendizaje significativo y el bienestar de los estudiantes, así como las perspectivas de los estudiantes sobre el proceso de inclusión en la escuela nocturna regular, está vinculado al proyecto de doctorado desarrollado en la Universidad de Coimbra, que aborda la inclusión de estudiantes con discapacidad en la modalid Educación de Jóvenes y Adultos (EJA). Los resultados muestran que los cambios no pueden incluir a todas las personas, en todas sus necesidades y seguir privilegiando a algunas, mientras que excluyen sistemáticamente a muchas otras, requiriendo un rediseño del contexto educativo brasileño, que privilegie las experiencias y conocimientos de los estudiantes e intensifique las relaciones con las comunidades donde se consolida el proceso educativo. Palabras clave: Escuela nocturna regular; Educación para Jóvenes y Adultos; Inclusión de estudiantes con discapacidad.

Inclusion from the Perspective of Pupils with Autism

The concept of inclusion remains a topic of many discussions between professionals and researchers. At the same time, many children with autism are included in mainstream school with their neurotypical peers. Research has shown that many children with autism are socially excluded in mainstream schools. This review paper aims to explore the perspective of pupils with autism on inclusive education. The main results were grouped by the following themes: relationship with peers, relationship with teachers, environment and sensory issues, interests, and what children need in mainstream schools. This narrative review has shown that from the perspective of pupils with autism educational inclusion is still not achieved.

Robótica para la inclusión educativa: una revisión sistemática

La educación debe ser inclusiva y uno de los instrumentos de los que se puede servir es la robótica. Además, uno de los elementos de la robótica es la programación y para programar se aplica el pensamiento computacional. Por otra parte, para que la educación sea inclusiva se debe atender a la diversidad. Así, se procede a desarrollar una revisión sistemática sobre el uso de la robótica para la inclusión educativa. Las preguntas de investigación son: ¿La robótica educativa puede ser una estrategia de inclusión educativa?, ¿qué beneficios se obtienen con el uso de la robótica en la inclusión educativa? y ¿cómo es la formación de los docentes en relación con el uso de la robótica para la inclusión? Tras aplicar filtros siguiendo la declaración PRISMA han sido seleccionados 23 estudios pertenecientes a las bases de datos Scopus y WOS. Las conclusiones son que la robótica sí puede ser una estrategia de inclusión educativa. Además, se señalan numerosos beneficios de la misma, como el aumento de la motivación, la creatividad y la capacidad de trabajo en equipo y la mejora en habilidades sociales y comunicativas. En lo relativo a la formación docente en este ámbito se han obtenido pocos resultados, pues muy pocos estudios de la revisión sistemática tratan este tema. No obstante, se destaca que la mayoría de los docentes considera la robótica una herramienta útil para la inclusión educativa. Education must be inclusive and one of the tools used to achieve this is robotics. In addition, one of the elements of robotics is programming and computational thinking is applied to program. On the other hand, to ensure that education is inclusive, there must be diversity. I proceed to develop a systematic review on the use of robotics for educational inclusion. The questions of this research are: Can educational robotics be a strategy for educational inclusion? What benefits are obtained with the use of robotics in educational inclusion? How is the training of teachers in relation to the use of robotics for inclusion? After applying filters following the PRISMA statement, 23 studies belonging to the Scopus and WOS databases have been selected. The conclusions are: educational robotics can indeed be a strategy for educational inclusion. In addition, numerous benefits are reported, such as increased motivation, creativity and teamwork skills, and improved social and communication skills. Few results have been obtained about teacher training in this área (very few studies in the systematic review address this issue). However, it is noted that most teachers consider robotics a useful tool for educational inclusion.

Opportunities to optimize socio-educational support services accessible to students with learning difficulties in primary school

In Romania, since 1989, new trends have emerged in terms of transforming the educational system, so that it becomes accessible to all and offers equal opportunities for the beneficiaries of education. The aim of this research is to provide a multidimensional image of the socio-educational support environment accessible to students with learning difficulties/specific learning disabilities integrated in mainstream primary education in Oradea, from the perspective of the information, opinions and visions provided by primary education teachers and special pedagogues. The questionnaire based survey conducted among teachers in mainstream education allowed to obtain an overview of the issues analyzed in terms of opinions and evaluations. The focus group interview with participation of expert stakeholders aimed to obtain information from the social actors involved through their expertise and/or professional activity in the educational inclusion of students with learning difficulties. The overall picture of the research denotes that schools can provide specialized educational services for students in need, with only a small minority of schools not having the necessary conditions to provide these services. However, the research also shows that due to lack of knowledge or motivation, a significant share of the surveyed teachers do not use the various compensatory measures put forward in the national methodological recommendations that would contribute to improving students' chances. Primary school teachers would need, in this regard, to gain more expert knowledge from innovative models, experiences and good practices in the field.

Jacek J. Błeszyński: Co osoby z autyzmem mówią nam o sobie. Raport z badań . [What people with autism tell us about themselves. Research report.] Wydawnictwo Naukowe UMK, Toruń 2020, ss. 192

A book written by Jacek J. Błeszyński entitled “What people with autism tell us about themselves. Research report.” contains the results of research on people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) embedded in an interpretative paradigm. The author writes that “it is time to listen to people with autism spectrum disorders” and presents a change in approach towards a humanistic and personalistic understanding of a person. The publication is definitely worth recommending because it is directed not only to parents, guardians or specialists working with people with ASD, but to everyone who is directly or indirectly responsible for social and educational inclusion.

Inclusive Leadership: Good Managerial Practices to Address Cultural Diversity in Schools

Educational inclusion of foreign pupils has become a priority objective in recent years in many countries worldwide. Attending to the cultural diversity of pupils and providing an inclusive educational response is now a main goal of education systems. In this context, educational leadership is a key factor for school improvement. Management teams face the difficult mission of responding to the diversity of people that make up the educational community in a scenario marked by the expansive increase in migrant families and the scarcity of inclusive and intercultural government programmes. This article explores good management practices for cultural diversity management in six early childhood and primary education centres in Spain and Chile from an inclusive leadership approach. Factors that influence the development of inclusive leadership and the process deployed to carry out diversity management are examined. Through a qualitative methodology, six case studies were carried out using the interview, participant observation, and document analysis as instruments. The main outcomes show the importance of leaders in promoting an inclusive collaborative culture, in classroom practices focused on the knowledge and cultural capital of foreign pupils, the development of organisational and didactic strategies based on the recognition and participation of the educational community, its commitment to social justice, a management of diversity based on collaboration, and a shared concept of educational inclusion. The conclusions show four common dimensions in the good practices of each country: professional development of the community, school participation, inclusive school culture, and positive management of diversity.