Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) allows for the chemical nature of tissue to be investigated, opening up a novel window on the changes in metabolism and energetics that occur in the diseased heart. However, MRS suffers from a lack of sensitivity when it is compared with magnetic resonance imaging, which means that scan times are long and clinical application is limited. This chapter explores the information available from the application of proton, phosphorus, and carbon MRS in the heart and looks at the recent developments, such as ultra-high field strength MR systems and hyperpolarization methods, that are providing improved sensitivity and a new lease of life for this valuable technique.
Ultra-High-Field Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Psychiatry
