Internet-Based Interventions for the Prevention and Treatment of Mental Disorders in Latin America: A Scoping Review

ABSTRACT Objectives: Common mental disorders (CMDs), particularly depression, are major contributors to the global mental health burden. South Asia, while diverse, has cultural, social, and economic challenges, which are common across the region, not least an aging population. This creates an imperative to better understand how CMD affects older people in this context, which relies on valid and culturally appropriate screening and research tools. This review aims to scope the availability of CMD screening tools for older people in South Asia. As a secondary aim, this review will summarize the use of these tools in epidemiology, and the extent to which they have been validated or adapted for this population. Design: A scoping review was performed, following PRISMA guidelines. The search strategy was developed iteratively in Medline and translated to Embase, PsychInfo, Scopus, and Web of Science. Data were extracted from papers in which a tool was used to identify CMD in a South Asian older population (50+), including validation, adaptation, and use in epidemiology. Validation studies meeting the criteria were critically appraised using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies – version 2 (QUADAS-2) tool. Results: Of the 4694 papers identified, 176 met the selection criteria at full-text screening as relevant examples of diagnostic or screening tool use. There were 15 tool validation studies, which were critically appraised. Of these, 10 were appropriate to evaluate as diagnostic tests. All of these tools assessed for depression. Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)-based tools were predominant with variable diagnostic accuracy across different settings. Methodological issues were substantial based on the QUADAS-2 criteria. In the epidemiological studies identified (n = 160), depression alone was assessed for 82% of the studies. Tools lacking cultural validation were commonly used (43%). Conclusions: This review identifies a number of current research gaps including a need for culturally relevant validation studies, and attention to other CMDs such as anxiety.

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Features of Rural Communities in Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa That Influence Well-Being of Older Persons

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igab046.1622 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 420-421

Author(s):

Andrew Banda ◽

Norah Keating ◽

Jaco Hoffman ◽

Jose Parodi ◽

Nereide Curreri

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Latin America ◽

Rural Communities ◽

Older People ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Older Persons ◽

Subjective Wellbeing ◽

Well Being ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Sub Saharan

Abstract In their recent volume, Critical Rural Gerontology, Skinner et al (2021) challenge us to set aside unidimensional notions of rural communities as bypassed vs very supportive; and to identify the elements of rurality that empower or exclude older people and how these differ across cultures and settings. Covid-19 has highlighted the need for safe and inclusive communities. Given that LMIC will be home to the majority of older adults (Gonzales et al. 2015), we undertook a scoping review of features of rural communities that influence wellbeing of older people in countries across Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa. The review included literature in English, French, Spanish and Portuguese, using search engines MEDLINE, CINAHL Complete, PsycInfo, SocINDEX, SciELO, AJOL (Africa Journals Online), LILACS, Redalyc, LatinIndex and Clacso. Findings illustrate diversity in how community features including remoteness, infrastructure and belonging influence material, social and subjective wellbeing of older residents.

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Eating disorders amongst Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians: a scoping review

Journal of Eating Disorders ◽

10.1186/s40337-020-00346-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Adam Burt ◽

Deborah Mitchison ◽

Kerrie Doyle ◽

Phillipa Hay

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorders ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Diagnostic Tool ◽

Torres Strait Islander ◽

Screening Tools ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Indigenous Australians ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Torres Strait

Abstract Background Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians (Indigenous Australians) have poorer mental health compared to other Australians. Yet, there is a lack of research into mental disorders among this population, especially for eating disorders (ED), which are amongst the most lethal and debilitating mental disorders. Aim We aimed to answer 2 questions: 1. What is the volume and content of literature on ED among Indigenous Australians? 2. Has a screening or diagnostic tool/instrument been developed for the assessment of ED amongst Indigenous Australians? Method We conducted a scoping review of electronic databases (Pubmeb, Embase, PsychInfo, Proquest, Cochrane Library, Indigenous HealtInfoNet and Scopus), for studies addressing ED, body image, muscle dysmorphia, weight and shape concern among Indigenous Australians, as well as diagnostic and screening tools. All relevant studies were reviewed in full by 2 researchers. Narrative synthesis of the data was performed. Results There is limited evidence for ED among Indigenous Australians, however, the evidence available strongly suggests that ED are more common among Indigenous Australians compared to other Australians. Eating disorders among Indigenous Australians are also associated with high levels of overvaluation of weight and shape. The increased risk of ED among Indigenous Australians was largely explained by factors such as poorer psychosocial wellbeing. No evidence was found for the existence of validated diagnostic or screening tools for ED in Indigenous Australians. Conclusion The evidence suggests ED are common among Indigenous Australians, and there are no diagnostic or screening tools available to assist clinicians in assessing them. More research is required in this field, especially towards the development of a validated and culturally specific screening or diagnostic tool for ED among Indigenous Australians.

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Comorbidities between tuberculosis and common mental disorders: a scoping review of epidemiological patterns and person-centred care interventions from low-to-middle income and BRICS countries

Infectious Diseases of Poverty ◽

10.1186/s40249-019-0619-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

André Janse Van Rensburg ◽

Audry Dube ◽

Robyn Curran ◽

Fentie Ambaw ◽

Jamie Murdoch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Disorders ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Middle Income ◽

Brics Countries

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Can Computer-Based Cognitive Therapy Become a Front-Line Option for Prevention and Treatment of Mental Disorders?

American Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16121439 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 174 (4) ◽

pp. 303-304 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Keith M. Kendrick ◽

Dezhong Yao

Keyword(s):

Mental Disorders ◽

Cognitive Therapy ◽

Front Line ◽

Prevention And Treatment ◽

Computer Based

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Consensus statement: osteoporosis prevention and treatment in Latin America—current structure and future directions

Archives of Osteoporosis ◽

10.1007/s11657-018-0505-x ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Ben-Hur Albergaria ◽

Monique Chalem ◽

Patricia Clark ◽

Osvaldo Daniel Messina ◽

Rosa Maria R. Pereira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

Consensus Statement ◽

Osteoporosis Prevention ◽

Future Directions ◽

Current Structure ◽

Prevention And Treatment

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Psychiatry and the Community in 19th-Century America. The Recurring Concern with Environment in the Prevention and Treatment of Mental Disorders. Ruth B. Caplan, Gerald Caplan

Isis ◽

10.1086/351288 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 65 (2) ◽

pp. 282-282

Keyword(s):

Mental Disorders ◽

19Th Century ◽

Prevention And Treatment ◽

19Th Century America

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Prevalence, Prevention and Treatment of Saddle Sores among Female Competitive Cyclists: A Scoping Review Protocol

Methods and Protocols ◽

10.3390/mps3010004 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 4 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Keira Bury ◽

Justine E. Leavy ◽

Amanda O’Connor ◽

Jonine Jancey

Keyword(s):

Empirical Evidence ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Friction Heat ◽

Human Research Ethics ◽

Prolonged Contact ◽

Prevention And Treatment ◽

Competitive Cyclists ◽

Review Protocol ◽

And Performance ◽

Online Sources

Female cyclists are prone to a variety of injuries and illnesses that occur as a result of prolonged contact with a bicycle saddle. Saddle sores are a range of skin ailments on the buttocks, genitals and inner thigh that result from a combination of friction, heat, pressure, moisture and bacteria in the saddle area. Whilst saddle sores are reportedly common, for some cyclists, the condition may cause only mild discomfort. However, for female competitive cyclists, the condition can be an ongoing source of pain and illness affecting participation and performance in the sport. Despite many online sources for health information and products for saddle sores, it is unknown what empirical evidence exists for the prevalence and severity of saddle sores, and for the effectiveness of prevention and treatment methods. This paper outlines the protocol for a scoping review, which aims to describe the empirical evidence for the prevalence, prevention and treatment of saddle sores among female competitive cyclists. Ethics approval has been obtained for this study from Curtin University’s Human Research Ethics Committee no: HRE2019-0120. The findings from this study will contribute to the literature for injury in female sport.

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Health as a driver for urban policy in Latin America: a scoping review of literature from international organizations

Cities & Health ◽

10.1080/23748834.2020.1757371 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Adriana Lein ◽

Katherine Indvik ◽

Juliet Braslow ◽

Heather Rollins ◽

Andrea Cortinez-O’Ryan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

International Organizations ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Urban Policy ◽

Review Of Literature

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Mnemonics for diagnostic criteria of DSM V mental disorders: a scoping review

General Psychiatry ◽

10.1136/gpsych-2019-100109 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. e100109

Author(s):

Pavan Kumar Kadiyala

Keyword(s):

Mental Disorders ◽

Diagnostic Criteria ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Classification Systems ◽

Journal Articles ◽

Specific Symptom ◽

Dsm V ◽

Google Books ◽

Comprehensive Search ◽

Google Search

A multitude of psychiatric disorders have been described in classification systems like the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM V). Diagnosing a specific mental disorder requires memorising specific symptom criteria, and their improper recall may result in misdiagnosis. Clinicians may use mnemonics, considering them as narratives or anecdotes of the diagnostic criteria. A scoping review of previously described mnemonics for DSM diagnostic criteria was carried out. An electronic search was done in PubMed, Google Scholar, Google Books and Google Search engine using a prespecified search strategy. Reference lists of relevant articles and chapters were hand searched to identify original and additional articles. Mnemonics retrieved from websites were manually searched in Google to identify published journal articles or chapters for the same mnemonics. Additionally, some mnemonics were developed, modified or added based on the author’s knowledge. The comprehensive search identified 93 records (44 journal articles, 45 books and 4 websites) eligible for the review. Most of the mnemonics retrieved were related in some way to the disorder itself. They were listed under the heading of their respective disorders and indexed in the same order as in DSM V. The mnemonics that reflect a facet of their respective disorders were elaborated in detail.

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