Inhibitory Top-Down Control Deficits in Schizophrenia With Auditory Verbal Hallucinations: A Go/NoGo Task

Objective: Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH), with unclear mechanisms, cause extreme distresses to schizophrenia patients. Deficits of inhibitory top-down control may be linked to AVH. Therefore, in this study, we focused on inhibitory top-down control in schizophrenia patients with AVH.Method: The present study recruited 40 schizophrenia patients, including 20 AVH patients and 20 non-AVH patients, and 23 healthy controls. We employed event-related potentials to investigate the N2 and P3 amplitude and latency differences among these participants during a Go/NoGo task.Results: Relative to healthy controls, the two patient groups observed longer reaction time (RT) and reduced accuracy. The two patient groups had smaller NoGo P3 amplitude than the healthy controls, and the AVH patients showed smaller NoGo P3 amplitude than the non-AVH patients. In all the groups, the parietal area showed smaller NoGo P3 than frontal and central areas. However, no significant difference was found in N2 and Go P3 amplitude between the three groups.Conclusions: AVH patients might have worse inhibitory top-down control, which might be involved in the occurrence of AVH. Hopefully, our results could enhance understanding of the pathology of AVH.

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Changes in face and face pareidolia processing in patients with migraine: an ERP study

Journal of Neurophysiology ◽

10.1152/jn.00549.2019 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 123 (3) ◽

pp. 876-884 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Gülsüm Akdeniz ◽

Sadiye Gumusyayla ◽

Gonul Vural ◽

Hesna Bektas ◽

Orhan Deniz

Keyword(s):

Migraine With Aura ◽

Migraine Without Aura ◽

Cortical Excitability ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Event Related Potential ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Positive Potential ◽

Cortical Hyperexcitability ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Related Potentials

Migraine is a multifactorial brain disorder characterized by recurrent disabling headache attacks. One of the possible mechanisms in the pathogenesis of migraine may be a decrease in inhibitory cortical stimuli in the primary visual cortex attributable to cortical hyperexcitability. The aim of this study was to investigate the neural correlates underlying face and face pareidolia processing in terms of the event-related potential (ERP) components, N170, vertex positive potential (VPP), and N250, in patients with migraine. In total, 40 patients with migraine without aura, 23 patients with migraine and aura, and 30 healthy controls were enrolled. We recorded ERPs during the presentation of face and face pareidolia images. N170, VPP, and N250 mean amplitudes and latencies were examined. N170 was significantly greater in patients with migraine with aura than in healthy controls. VPP amplitude was significantly greater in patients with migraine without aura than in healthy controls. The face stimuli evoked significantly earlier VPP responses to faces (168.7 ms, SE = 1.46) than pareidolias (173.4 ms, SE = 1.41) in patients with migraine with aura. We did not find a significant difference between N250 amplitude for face and face pareidolia processing. A significant difference was observed between the groups for pareidolia in terms of N170 [F(2,86) = 14,75, P < 0.001] and VPP [F(2,86) = 16.43, P < 0.001] amplitudes. Early ERPs are a valuable tool to study the neural processing of face processing in patients with migraine to demonstrate visual cortical hyperexcitability. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Event-related potentials (ERPs) are important for understanding face and face pareidolia processing in patients with migraine. N170, vertex positive potential (VPP), and N250 ERPs were investigated. N170 was revealed as a potential component of cortical excitability for face and face pareidolia processing in patients with migraine.

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Event-related potential examination of facial affect processing in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291712001006 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 109-117 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

J. K. Wynn ◽

C. Jahshan ◽

L. L. Altshuler ◽

D. C. Glahn ◽

M. F. Green

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Facial Affect ◽

Event Related Potential ◽

Facial Features ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Related Potentials ◽

Patient Groups ◽

Bipolar Patients ◽

Affect Processing

BackgroundPatients with bipolar disorder exhibit consistent deficits in facial affect identification at both behavioral and neural levels. However, little is known about which stages of facial affect processing are dysfunctional.MethodEvent-related potentials (ERPs), including amplitude and latency, were used to evaluate two stages of facial affect processing: N170 to examine structural encoding of facial features and N250 to examine decoding of facial features in 57 bipolar disorder patients, 30 schizophrenia patients and 30 healthy controls. Three conditions were administered: participants were asked to identify the emotion of a face, the gender of a face, or whether a building was one or two stories tall.ResultsSchizophrenia patients' emotion identification accuracy was lower than that of bipolar patients and healthy controls. N170 amplitude was significantly smaller in schizophrenia patients compared to bipolar patients and healthy controls, which did not differ from each other. Both patient groups had significantly longer N170 latency compared to healthy controls. For N250, both patient groups showed significantly smaller amplitudes compared with controls, but did not differ from each other. Bipolar patients showed longer N250 latency than healthy controls; patient groups did not differ from each other.ConclusionsBipolar disorder patients have relatively intact structural encoding of faces (N170) but are impaired when decoding facial features for complex judgments about faces (N250 latency and amplitude), such as identifying emotion or gender.

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Behavioral and Neurophysiological Markers of ADHD in Children, Adolescents, and Adults: A Large-Scale Clinical Study

Clinical EEG and Neuroscience ◽

10.1177/1550059421993340 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 155005942199334

Author(s):

Marionna Münger ◽

Gian Candrian ◽

Johannes Kasper ◽

Hossam Abdel-Rehim ◽

Dominique Eich ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Clinical Diagnosis ◽

Performance Test ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Time Variability ◽

Daily Routine ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Reaction Time Variability ◽

Adolescents And Adults ◽

Related Potentials

This study aimed to re-evaluate the possible differences between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) subjects and healthy controls in the context of a standard Go/NoGo task (visual continuous performance test [VCPT]), frequently used to measure executive functions. In contrast to many previous studies, our sample comprises children, adolescents, and adults. We analyzed data from 447 ADHD patients and 227 healthy controls. By applying multivariate linear regression analyses, we controlled the group differences between ADHD patients and controls for age and sex. As dependent variables we used behavioral (number of omission and commission errors, reaction time, and reaction time variability) and neurophysiological measures (event-related potentials [ERPs]). In summary, we successfully replicated the deviations of ADHD subjects from healthy controls. The differences are small to moderate when expressed as effect size measures (number of omission errors: d = 0.60, reaction time variability: d = 0.56, contingent negative variation (CNV) and P3 amplitudes: −0.35 < d < −0.47, ERP latencies: 0.21 < d < 0.29). Further analyses revealed no substantial differences between ADHD subtypes (combined, inattentive, and hyperactive/impulsive presentation), subgroups according to high- and low-symptomatic burden or methylphenidate intake for their daily routine. We successfully replicated known differences between ADHD subjects and controls for the behavioral and neurophysiological variables. However, the small-to-moderate effect sizes limit their utility as biomarkers in the diagnostic procedure. The incongruence of self-reported symptomatic burden and clinical diagnosis emphasizes the challenges of the present clinical diagnosis with low reliability, which partially accounts for the low degree of discrimination between ADHD subjects and controls.

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Cognitive Processing in Headache Associated with Sexual Activity

Cephalalgia ◽

10.1046/j.1468-2982.2003.00579.x ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 23 (7) ◽

pp. 545-551 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

A Frese ◽

K Frese ◽

EB Ringelstein ◽

I-W Husstedt ◽

S Evers

Keyword(s):

Sexual Activity ◽

Cognitive Processing ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Control Group ◽

Specific Information ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Related Potentials ◽

Healthy Control ◽

P3 Amplitude

Cognitive processing as measured by event-related potentials (ERP) in patients suffering from the explosive subtype of headache associated with sexual activity (HSA type 2) was investigated. Visual ERP were measured in 24 patients with HSA type 2 outside the headache period. The differences of the first and the second part of measurement were evaluated separately to determine the amount of cognitive habituation. Twenty-four sex- and age-matched healthy subjects and 24 patients with migraine without aura served as controls. A missing increase of P3 latency during the second part of the measurement was found in 79% of patients with HSA type 2 and in 75% with migraine, but only in 17% of the healthy controls ( P < 0.001). The P3 amplitude was increased during the second part in 71% of patients with HSA type 2 and in 79% with migraine, but only in 33% of the healthy controls ( P = 0.02). Mean P3 latency was decreased and mean P3 amplitude was increased during the second part of the measurement in HSA type 2 and in migraine but not in the healthy control group. Patients with HSA type 2 have a loss of cognitive habituation as measured by ERP. This specific information processing is very similar to that in migraine observed in previous studies.

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Trait Disinhibition and NoGo Event-Related Potentials in Violent Mentally Disordered Offenders and Healthy Controls

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2020.577491 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Carl Delfin ◽

Emily Ruzich ◽

Märta Wallinius ◽

Malin Björnsdotter ◽

Peter Andiné

Keyword(s):

Event Related Potentials ◽

Maladaptive Behaviors ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Mentally Disordered Offenders ◽

Mentally Disordered ◽

Outcome Monitoring ◽

Related Potentials ◽

Neural Efficiency ◽

P3 Amplitude ◽

Biobehavioral Markers

Trait disinhibition may function as a dispositional liability toward maladaptive behaviors relevant in the treatment of mentally disordered offenders (MDOs). Reduced amplitude and prolonged latency of the NoGo N2 and P3 event-related potentials have emerged as promising candidates for transdiagnostic, biobehavioral markers of trait disinhibition, yet no study has specifically investigated these two components in violent, inpatient MDOs. Here, we examined self-reported trait disinhibition, experimentally assessed response inhibition, and NoGo N2 and P3 amplitude and latency in male, violent MDOs (N = 27) and healthy controls (N = 20). MDOs had a higher degree of trait disinhibition, reduced NoGo P3 amplitude, and delayed NoGo P3 latency compared to controls. The reduced NoGo P3 amplitude and delayed NoGo P3 latency in MDOs may stem from deficits during monitoring or evaluation of behavior. NoGo P3 latency was associated with increased trait disinhibition in the whole sample, suggesting that trait disinhibition may be associated with reduced neural efficiency during later stages of outcome monitoring or evaluation. Findings for NoGo N2 amplitude and latency were small and non-robust. With several limitations in mind, this is the first study to demonstrate attenuated NoGo P3 amplitude and delayed NoGo P3 latency in violent, inpatient MDOs compared to healthy controls.

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PASSIVE EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS BY A SINGLE TONE IN PERSONALITY DISORDERS

Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal ◽

10.2224/sbp.2008.36.7.985 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 36 (7) ◽

pp. 985-998 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Yuedi Shen ◽

Meifang Zhu ◽

Dianchun Wang ◽

Chundong Hao ◽

Jinyao Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Personality Disorders ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Oddball Paradigm ◽

Single Tone ◽

Self Rating ◽

Related Potentials ◽

Patient Groups ◽

Axis I ◽

P3 Amplitude

A cerebral P3 potential (passive P3) in response to a single tone shares similar morphology to the classical P3 elicited in the active “oddball” paradigm, but reflects passive attention. As patients with schizotypal, antisocial, and borderline personality disorders show reduced amplitude and prolonged latency of classical P3, it is reasonable to expect that these patients might show an abnormal passive P3. We tested whether the single tone elicited event-related potentials (ERPs) in 205 patients with personality disorders and in 30 healthy volunteers. Their Axis I symptoms of depression and anxiety were measured by Zung's Self-rating Depression Scale and Self-rating Anxiety Scale (1965, 1971). Both schizoid and paranoid groups showed significantly reduced P3 amplitude. In addition, the schizoid group showed significantly shortened N1 latency and enhanced N2 amplitude. Most patient groups except schizoids scored higher on the Depression or Anxiety scales, or both, but the ERP findings were not correlated with the Axis I symptoms in any given group alone. The abnormal negative components implied a higher vigilance or cortical arousal level in the schizoid patients, while the reduced P3 amplitude indicated a poorer passive attention in both schizoid and paranoid patients.

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