Cognitive Processing in Headache Associated with Sexual Activity

Cephalalgia ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 545-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Frese ◽  
K Frese ◽  
EB Ringelstein ◽  
I-W Husstedt ◽  
S Evers
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
P3 Amplitude

Cognitive processing as measured by event-related potentials (ERP) in patients suffering from the explosive subtype of headache associated with sexual activity (HSA type 2) was investigated. Visual ERP were measured in 24 patients with HSA type 2 outside the headache period. The differences of the first and the second part of measurement were evaluated separately to determine the amount of cognitive habituation. Twenty-four sex- and age-matched healthy subjects and 24 patients with migraine without aura served as controls. A missing increase of P3 latency during the second part of the measurement was found in 79% of patients with HSA type 2 and in 75% with migraine, but only in 17% of the healthy controls ( P < 0.001). The P3 amplitude was increased during the second part in 71% of patients with HSA type 2 and in 79% with migraine, but only in 33% of the healthy controls ( P = 0.02). Mean P3 latency was decreased and mean P3 amplitude was increased during the second part of the measurement in HSA type 2 and in migraine but not in the healthy control group. Patients with HSA type 2 have a loss of cognitive habituation as measured by ERP. This specific information processing is very similar to that in migraine observed in previous studies.

scholarly journals Neural correlates of negative expectancy and impaired social feedback processing in social anxiety

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruolei Gu ◽  
Xiang Ao ◽  
Licheng Mo ◽  
Dandan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Social Feedback ◽  
Feedback Processing ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
High Social Anxiety

Abstract Social anxiety has been associated with abnormalities in cognitive processing in the literature, manifesting as various cognitive biases. To what extent these biases interrupt social interactions remains largely unclear. This study used the Social Judgment Paradigm that could separate the expectation and experience stages of social feedback processing. Event-related potentials (ERPs) in these two stages were recorded to detect the effect of social anxiety that might not be reflected by behavioral data. Participants were divided into two groups according to their social anxiety level. Participants in the high social anxiety (HSA) group were more likely to predict that they would be socially rejected by peers than did their low social anxiety (LSA) counterparts (i.e. the control group). Compared to the ERP data of the LSA group, the HSA group showed: (a) a larger P1 component to social cues (peer faces) prior to social feedback presentation, possibly indicating an attention bias; (b) a difference in feedback-related negativity amplitude between unexpected social acceptance and unexpected social rejection, possibly indicating an expectancy bias; and (c) a diminished sensitivity of the P3 amplitude to social feedback valence (be accepted/be rejected), possibly indicating an experience bias. These results could help understand the cognitive mechanisms that comprise and maintain social anxiety.

scholarly journals Diverging white matter trajectories in children after traumatic brain injury

Neurology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 88 (15) ◽  
pp. 1392-1399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily L. Dennis ◽  
Faisal Rashid ◽  
Monica U. Ellis ◽  
Talin Babikian ◽  
Roza M. Vlasova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Healthy Control

Objective:To examine longitudinal trajectories of white matter organization in pediatric moderate/severe traumatic brain injury (msTBI) over a 12-month period.Methods:We studied 21 children (16 M/5 F) with msTBI, assessed 2–5 months postinjury and again 13–19 months postinjury, as well as 20 well-matched healthy control children. We assessed corpus callosum function through interhemispheric transfer time (IHTT), measured using event-related potentials, and related this to diffusion-weighted MRI measures of white matter (WM) microstructure. At the first time point, half of the patients with TBI had significantly slower IHTT (TBI-slow-IHTT, n = 11) and half were in the normal range (TBI-normal-IHTT, n = 10).Results:The TBI-normal-IHTT group did not differ significantly from healthy controls, either in WM organization in the chronic phase or in the longitudinal trajectory of WM organization between the 2 evaluations. In contrast, the WM organization of the TBI-slow-IHTT group was significantly lower than in healthy controls across a large portion of the WM. Longitudinal analyses showed that the TBI-slow-IHTT group experienced a progressive decline between the 2 evaluations in WM organization throughout the brain.Conclusions:We present preliminary evidence suggesting a potential biomarker that identifies a subset of patients with impaired callosal organization in the first months postinjury who subsequently experience widespread continuing and progressive degeneration in the first year postinjury.

scholarly journals Is cognitive processing affected in adults with hypospadias?: P300 study

Open Medicine ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakan Tekeli ◽  
Hasan Koçoğlu ◽  
Cabir Alan ◽  
Mustafa Emir Tavşanlı ◽  
Halit Yaşar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P300 Latency ◽  
Urogenital System ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Related Potentials

AbstractBackground: Hypospadias is a common urogenital system disorder. The frenulum, which is the most sensitive area of the glans penis, is not present in patients with hypospadias. This may lead to a failure in sexual and ejaculatory function, and cause emotional problems affecting cognitive processes.Aim: We aimed to study auditory Event Related Potentials (ERP) in patients with hypospadias to understand the status of cognitive function.Materials and Methods: Seventeen patients with hypospadias who presented to the Urology Outpatient Clinic of Çanakkale Military Hospital, and 11 healthy individuals of similar age were chosen. The auditory oddball paradigm with ERP from the Cz and Fz head regions were studied. The latency and amplitude of the P300 wave were measured.Results: Both, the study and control groups consisted of young males. Although the study group had a longer P300 latency and lower P300 amplitude when compared to control group, the results were not statistically significant (p: 0.059 and 0.346 respectively).Conclusion: Although the results are not statistically significant, our findings indicate that there may be cognitive changes in patients with hypospadias. Further studies of larger sample size and older patient cohorts are needed.

scholarly journals Inhibitory Top-Down Control Deficits in Schizophrenia With Auditory Verbal Hallucinations: A Go/NoGo Task

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiaoling Sun ◽  
Yehua Fang ◽  
Yongyan Shi ◽  
Lifeng Wang ◽  
Xuemei Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Auditory Verbal Hallucinations ◽  
Parietal Area ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
P3 Amplitude

Objective: Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH), with unclear mechanisms, cause extreme distresses to schizophrenia patients. Deficits of inhibitory top-down control may be linked to AVH. Therefore, in this study, we focused on inhibitory top-down control in schizophrenia patients with AVH.Method: The present study recruited 40 schizophrenia patients, including 20 AVH patients and 20 non-AVH patients, and 23 healthy controls. We employed event-related potentials to investigate the N2 and P3 amplitude and latency differences among these participants during a Go/NoGo task.Results: Relative to healthy controls, the two patient groups observed longer reaction time (RT) and reduced accuracy. The two patient groups had smaller NoGo P3 amplitude than the healthy controls, and the AVH patients showed smaller NoGo P3 amplitude than the non-AVH patients. In all the groups, the parietal area showed smaller NoGo P3 than frontal and central areas. However, no significant difference was found in N2 and Go P3 amplitude between the three groups.Conclusions: AVH patients might have worse inhibitory top-down control, which might be involved in the occurrence of AVH. Hopefully, our results could enhance understanding of the pathology of AVH.

scholarly journals Electroencephalographic Parameters Differentiating Melancholic Depression, Non-melancholic Depression, and Healthy Controls. A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Fussing Bruun ◽  
Caroline Juhl Arnbjerg ◽  
Lars Vedel Kessing
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Melancholic Depression ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Almost All

Introduction: The objective of this systematic review was to investigate whether electroencephalographic parameters can serve as a tool to distinguish between melancholic depression, non-melancholic depression, and healthy controls in adults.Methods: A systematic review comprising an extensive literature search conducted in PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and PsycINFO in August 2020 with monthly updates until November 1st, 2020. In addition, we performed a citation search and scanned reference lists. Clinical trials that performed an EEG-based examination on an adult patient group diagnosed with melancholic unipolar depression and compared with a control group of non-melancholic unipolar depression and/or healthy controls were eligible. Risk of bias was assessed by the Strengthening of Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist.Results: A total of 24 studies, all case-control design, met the inclusion criteria and could be divided into three subgroups: Resting state studies (n = 5), sleep EEG studies (n = 10), and event-related potentials (ERP) studies (n = 9). Within each subgroup, studies were characterized by marked variability on almost all levels, preventing pooling of data, and many studies were subject to weighty methodological problems. However, the main part of the studies identified one or several EEG parameters that differentiated the groups.Conclusions: Multiple EEG modalities showed an ability to distinguish melancholic patients from non-melancholic patients and/or healthy controls. The considerable heterogeneity across studies and the frequent methodological difficulties at the individual study level were the main limitations to this work. Also, the underlying premise of shifting diagnostic paradigms may have resulted in an inhomogeneous patient population.Systematic Review Registration: Registered in the PROSPERO registry on August 8th, 2020, registration number CRD42020197472.

Evaluation of event-related potentials in Klinefelter syndrome and idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umit H. Ulas ◽  
Erol Bolu ◽  
Ece Unlu-Alanoglu ◽  
Yasar Kutukcu ◽  
M. Fatih Ozdag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Klinefelter Syndrome ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
And Control

Background:Many studies have evaluated patients with idiopathic hypogonadothropic hypogonadotropism (IHH), but few of these studies utilize event-related potentials (P300).Aims:To assess the cognitive functions of hypergonadotropic vs. hypogonadotropic patients.Settings and design:The study group consisted of 41 untreated IHH patients, 32 untreated Klinefelter syndrome (KS) patients, and 30 healthy control subjects.Methods and material:In this study, the latency and amplitude of P300 was evaluated in 41 untreated IHH and 32 untreated KS patients and compared to healthy control subjects (average age: 30 years). Also evaluated were the patients' hormone levels.Results and conclusions:In this study, the amplitude of P300 was found to be reduced, and the latency prolonged in IHH patients in comparison to KS patients and control subjects. In KS patients, there was no difference in latency of P300, but the amplitude was reduced when compared with the control group. Cognitive dysfunction in patients with hypogonadotropism is related to androgen hormone levels. This deficiency can affect development of the central nervous system (CNS), causing defects of CNS to varying degrees during the perinatal period. Androgen deficiency is considered to exert its effects during the period of cognitive ability development, manifest in IHH patients but not KS patients.

scholarly journals Auditory P300 Event-Related Potentials in Children with Sydenham?s Chorea

2014 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 603-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Hüseyin Ozdemir ◽  
Kaan Demiroren ◽  
Caner F. Demir ◽  
Mine Hapsen Serin
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Auditory P300 ◽  
Significant Prolongation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Auditory Erps

P300 event-related potentials (ERPs), objective measures related to cognitive processing, have not been studied in Sydenham’s chorea (SC) patients. Purpose: To assess cognitive impairment with P300 ERPs. Method: Seventeen patients with SC and 20 unaffected healthy children were included. Stanford–Binet test was used for psychometric assessment, and odd-ball paradigm was used for auditory ERPs. Results: There was no significant difference in P300 latencies between the SC-pretreatment group, SC-posttreatment group and control group (p>0.05). Mean interpeak latencies in SC-pretreatment group and SC-posttreatment group showed significant prolongation compared with the control group (p<0.05). Mean interpeak latencies in SC-posttreatment group were significantly decreased compared with SC-pretreatment group (p<0.05). Compared to controls, patients did not show significant difference in Stanford-Binet intelligence examination. Conclusion: This report suggests that interpeak latencies and amplitudes of P300 ERPs could be useful for detecting and monitoring cognitive impairment in SC patients.

scholarly journals Decline in attentional inhibition among migraine patients: an event‐related potential study using the Stroop task

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Su ◽  
Rongfei Wang ◽  
Zhao Dong ◽  
Dengfa Zhao ◽  
Shengyuan Yu
Keyword(s):  
Stroop Task ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Brain Dysfunction ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Conflict Monitoring ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Migraine Group ◽  
Attentional Inhibition

Abstract Background As a disorder of brain dysfunction, migraine has been associated with cognitive decline. However, no consistent results with respect to the attention function in migraineurs have been found, and the relationship between attentional inhibition and migraine is also unclear. In this study, the attentional inhibition function was evaluated using event-related potentials (ERPs) while migraine patients and healthy controls were performing the color–word Stroop task. Methods In this study, 75 migraine patients and 41 age-, gender-, and education-matched healthy controls were enrolled. The Stroop task was performed, and both behavioral and ERP data were analyzed. Results As to the behavioral data, the migraine group had a longer reaction time compared to the control group, but no difference in Stroop effect was observed. With respect to ERP components, the amplitudes of both early and late medial frontal negativity (MFN) were decreased in the migraine group. Additionally, obvious differences in the early MFN and sustained potential (SP) amplitudes were found between patients with and without allodynia. Conclusions At the behavioral level, migraine patients exhibited decreased executive ability but no obvious decline in inhibition. By contrast, a decline in attentional inhibition during the migraine interictal phase was confirmed by the analysis of ERP components, mainly those associated with changes in the conflict-monitoring stage, independent of confounding factors such as age, education, medication and mood disorders. Migraine patients with allodynia exhibited some significant differences in early MFN and SP compared to those without, supporting the hypothesis that migraine chronification aggravates the decline in attentional inhibition.

Attentional Bias in Patients with Decompensated Tinnitus: Prima Facie Evidence from Event-Related Potentials

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhicheng Li ◽  
Ruolei Gu ◽  
Xiangli Zeng ◽  
Weifang Zhong ◽  
Min Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Acoustic Stimulus ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Related Potentials

Tinnitus refers to the auditory perception of sound in the absence of external sound or electric stimuli. The influence of tinnitus on cognitive processing is at the cutting edge of ongoing tinnitus research. In this study, we adopted an objective indicator of attentional processing, i.e. the mismatch negativity (MMN), to assess the attentional bias in patients with decompensated tinnitus. Three kinds of pure tones, D1 (8,000 Hz), S (8,500 Hz) and D2 (9,000 Hz), were used to induce event-related potentials (ERPs) in the normal ear. Employing the oddball paradigm, the task was divided into two blocks in which D1 and D2 were set as deviation stimuli, respectively. Only D2 induced a significant MMN in the tinnitus group, while neither D1 nor D2 was able to induce MMN in the control group. In addition, the ERPs in the left hemisphere, which were recorded within the time window of 90-150 ms (ERP90-150 ms), were significantly higher than those in the right hemisphere in the tinnitus group, while no significant difference was observed in the control group. Lastly, the amplitude of ERP90-150 ms in the tinnitus group was significantly higher than that in the control group. These findings suggest that patients with decompensated tinnitus showed automatic processing of acoustic stimuli, thereby indicating that these patients allocated more cognitive resources to acoustic stimulus processing. We suggest that the difficulty in disengaging or facilitated attention of patients might underlie this phenomenon. The limitations of the current study are discussed.

scholarly journals The Deficit of Multimodal Perception of Congruent and Non-Congruent Fearful Expressions in Patients with Schizophrenia: The ERP Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Galina V. Portnova ◽  
Aleksandra V. Maslennikova ◽  
Natalya V. Zakharova ◽  
Olga V. Martynova
Keyword(s):  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Specific Symptom ◽  
Flat Affect ◽  
Emotional Perception ◽  
Emotional Dysfunction ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Multimodal Perception

Emotional dysfunction, including flat affect and emotional perception deficits, is a specific symptom of schizophrenia disorder. We used a modified multimodal odd-ball paradigm with fearful facial expressions accompanied by congruent and non-congruent emotional vocalizations (sounds of women screaming and laughing) to investigate the impairment of emotional perception and reactions to other people’s emotions in schizophrenia. We compared subjective ratings of emotional state and event-related potentials (EPPs) in response to congruent and non-congruent stimuli in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. The results showed the altered multimodal perception of fearful stimuli in patients with schizophrenia. The amplitude of N50 was significantly higher for non-congruent stimuli than congruent ones in the control group and did not differ in patients. The P100 and N200 amplitudes were higher in response to non-congruent stimuli in patients than in controls, implying impaired sensory gating in schizophrenia. The observed decrease of P3a and P3b amplitudes in patients could be associated with less attention, less emotional arousal, or incorrect interpretation of emotional valence, as patients differed from healthy controls in the emotion scores of non-congruent stimuli. The difficulties in identifying the incoherence of facial and audial components of emotional expression could be significant in understanding the psychopathology of schizophrenia.

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