scholarly journals Comparison of the Efficacy of Disinfectant Pre-impregnated Wipes for Decontaminating Stainless Steel Carriers Experimentally Inoculated With Ebola Virus and Vesicular Stomatitis Virus

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd A. Cutts ◽  
Samantha B. Kasloff ◽  
Jay Krishnan ◽  
Raymond W. Nims ◽  
Steven S. Theriault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Infectious Virus ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Surface Cleaning ◽  
Ammonium Compound ◽  
Virus Transfer ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis ◽  
Secondary Carriers ◽  
Titration Assay

The authors evaluated four disinfectant pre-impregnated wipes (DPW) for efficacy against Ebola virus Makona variant (EBOV) and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), Indiana serotype. Steel carriers were inoculated with the infectious virus and then were wiped with DPW in the Wiperator instrument per ASTM E2967-15. Following the use of J-Cloth impregnated with medium (negative control wipes) or the use of activated hydrogen peroxide (AHP)-, ethanol-, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)-, or single or dual quaternary ammonium compound (QAC)-based DPW, virus recovery from the carriers was assayed by titration assay and by two passages on Vero E6 cells in 6-well plates. The Wiperator also enabled the measurement of potential transfer of the virus from the inoculated carrier to a secondary carrier by the DPW or control wipes. The J-Cloth wipes wetted with medium alone (no microbicidal active) removed 1.9–3.5 log10 of virus from inoculated carriers but transferred ~4 log10 of the wiped virus to secondary carriers. DPW containing AHP, ethanol, NaOCl, or single or dual QAC as active microbicidal ingredients removed/inactivated ~6 log10 of the virus, with minimal EBOV or no VSV virus transfer to a secondary surface observed. In Ebola virus outbreaks, a DPW with demonstrated virucidal efficacy, used as directed, may help to mitigate the unintended spread of the infectious virus while performing surface cleaning.

scholarly journals The vesicular stomatitis virus-based Ebola virus vaccine: From concept to clinical trials

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2107-2113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Suder ◽  
Wakako Furuyama ◽  
Heinz Feldmann ◽  
Andrea Marzi ◽  
Emmie de Wit
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus ◽  
Virus Vaccine ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis

scholarly journals Next-Generation Sequencing Reveals a Controlled Immune Response to Zaire Ebola Virus Challenge in Cynomolgus Macaques Immunized with Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Expressing Zaire Ebola Virus Glycoprotein (VSVΔG/EBOVgp)

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredrik Barrenas ◽  
Richard R. Green ◽  
Matthew J. Thomas ◽  
G. Lynn Law ◽  
Sean C. Proll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Virus Challenge ◽  
Cynomolgus Macaques ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis ◽  
Generation Sequencing

ABSTRACTVesicular stomatitis virus expressing Zaire Ebola virus (EBOV) glycoprotein (VSVΔG/EBOVgp) could be used as a vaccine to meet the 2014 Ebola virus outbreak. To characterize the host response to this vaccine, we used mRNA sequencing to analyze peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from cynomolgus macaques after VSVΔG/EBOVgp immunization and subsequent EBOV challenge. We found a controlled transcriptional response that transitioned to immune regulation as the EBOV was cleared. This observation supports the safety of the vaccine.

Microinjection of vesicular stomatitis virus ribonucleoprotein into animal cells yields infectious virus

1983 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 1160-1167 ◽  
Author(s):  
George B. Thornton ◽  
John J. Kopchick ◽  
Dennis W. Stacey ◽  
Amiya K. Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus ◽  
Infectious Virus ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis

scholarly journals Lassa-Vesicular Stomatitis Chimeric Virus Safely Destroys Brain Tumors

2015 ◽  
Vol 89 (13) ◽  
pp. 6711-6724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Wollmann ◽  
Eugene Drokhlyansky ◽  
John N. Davis ◽  
Connie Cepko ◽  
Anthony N. van den Pol
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus ◽  
Brain Cancer ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Marburg Virus ◽  
Chimeric Virus ◽  
Lassa Virus ◽  
Gene Coding ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACTHigh-grade tumors in the brain are among the deadliest of cancers. Here, we took a promising oncolytic virus, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), and tested the hypothesis that the neurotoxicity associated with the virus could be eliminated without blocking its oncolytic potential in the brain by replacing the neurotropic VSV glycoprotein with the glycoprotein from one of five different viruses, including Ebola virus, Marburg virus, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), rabies virus, and Lassa virus. Based onin vitroinfections of normal and tumor cells, we selected two viruses to testin vivo. Wild-type VSV was lethal when injected directly into the brain. In contrast, a novel chimeric virus (VSV-LASV-GPC) containing genes from both the Lassa virus glycoprotein precursor (GPC) and VSV showed no adverse actions within or outside the brain and targeted and completely destroyed brain cancer, including high-grade glioblastoma and melanoma, even in metastatic cancer models. When mice had two brain tumors, intratumoral VSV-LASV-GPC injection in one tumor (glioma or melanoma) led to complete tumor destruction; importantly, the virus moved contralaterally within the brain to selectively infect the second noninjected tumor. A chimeric virus combining VSV genes with the gene coding for the Ebola virus glycoprotein was safe in the brain and also selectively targeted brain tumors but was substantially less effective in destroying brain tumors and prolonging survival of tumor-bearing mice. A tropism for multiple cancer types combined with an exquisite tumor specificity opens a new door to widespread application of VSV-LASV-GPC as a safe and efficacious oncolytic chimeric virus within the brain.IMPORTANCEMany viruses have been tested for their ability to target and kill cancer cells. Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) has shown substantial promise, but a key problem is that if it enters the brain, it can generate adverse neurologic consequences, including death. We tested a series of chimeric viruses containing genes coding for VSV, together with a gene coding for the glycoprotein from other viruses, including Ebola virus, Lassa virus, LCMV, rabies virus, and Marburg virus, which was substituted for the VSV glycoprotein gene. Ebola and Lassa chimeric viruses were safe in the brain and targeted brain tumors. Lassa-VSV was particularly effective, showed no adverse side effects even when injected directly into the brain, and targeted and destroyed two different types of deadly brain cancer, including glioblastoma and melanoma.

scholarly journals Vaccination With a Highly Attenuated Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Vector Protects Against Challenge With a Lethal Dose of Ebola Virus

2015 ◽  
Vol 212 (suppl 2) ◽  
pp. S443-S451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demetrius Matassov ◽  
Andrea Marzi ◽  
Terri Latham ◽  
Rong Xu ◽  
Ayuko Ota-Setlik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Virus Vector ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis

scholarly journals Recombinant Adenovirus Expressing Vesicular Stomatitis Virus G Proteins induce both humoral and cell-medicated immune responses in Mice and Goats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojuan Xue ◽  
Zhaorong Yu ◽  
Hongyan Jin ◽  
Lin Liang ◽  
Jiayang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
G Proteins ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Recombinant Adenovirus ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Direct Immunofluorescence ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
293 Cells ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis

Abstract Background: With a human type 5 replication-defective adenovirus expression vector, we constructed the three recombinant adenoviruses (rAd) and expressed the Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV) Indiana serotype glycoprotein (VSV-IN-G), VSV New Jersey serotype glycoprotein (VSV-NJ-G), and the G fusion protein [two serotypes G (VSV-IN-G-NJ-G)]. Three rAds were named rAd-IN, rAd-NJ, and rAd-IN-NJ. The three rAds were inoculated into AAV-293 cells, and the AAV-293 cells were serially propagated to 20 generations until the virus titers were stable, then TCID50 was determined. In direct immunofluorescence and western blot were used for detecting the expression of the target proteins and lymphocyte proliferation test was used for immune cell numbers. Results: The results showed that G proteins we expressed with good reactogenicity. The rAds were used to subcutaneously inoculate mice three times with 2-week intervals, and goats two times with 3-week intervals, respectively. On 0, 2, 4, and 6 weeks of post-inoculation for the mice and 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks for goats, their sera were collected and NT antibodies were determined. The results showed that the rAds could induce the production of VSV antibodies in the mice, and VSV NT antibodies in the goats. The antibody levels were 1:16 to 1: 32 in mice, and 1:32 to 1: 64 in the goats. The rAds induced strong immune lymphocyte proliferations in mice and goats, which was significantly higher than those of the negative control groups. Conclusion: The three rAds expressed VSV-G proteins at high levels, and induced humoral and cellular immune responses in both mice and goats, which laid a foundation for further studies of the recombinant adenovirus vaccines expressing VSV glycoprotein.

scholarly journals A Polyamide Inhibits Replication of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus by Targeting RNA in the Nucleocapsid

2018 ◽  
Vol 92 (8) ◽  
pp. e00146-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan H. Gumpper ◽  
Weike Li ◽  
Carlos H. Castañeda ◽  
M. José Scuderi ◽  
James K. Bashkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Negative Strand ◽  
Double Stranded Dna ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis ◽  
Syncytial Virus

ABSTRACTPolyamides have been shown to bind double-stranded DNA by complementing the curvature of the minor groove and forming various hydrogen bonds with DNA. Several polyamide molecules have been found to have potent antiviral activities against papillomavirus, a double-stranded DNA virus. By analogy, we reason that polyamides may also interact with the structured RNA bound in the nucleocapsid of a negative-strand RNA virus. Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) was selected as a prototype virus to test this possibility since its genomic RNA encapsidated in the nucleocapsid forms a structure resembling one strand of an A-form RNA duplex. One polyamide molecule, UMSL1011, was found to inhibit infection of VSV. To confirm that the polyamide targeted the nucleocapsid, a nucleocapsid-like particle (NLP) was incubated with UMSL1011. The encapsidated RNA in the polyamide-treated NLP was protected from thermo-release and digestion by RNase A. UMSL1011 also inhibits viral RNA synthesis in the intracellular activity assay for the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. The crystal structure revealed that UMSL1011 binds the structured RNA in the nucleocapsid. The conclusion of our studies is that the RNA in the nucleocapsid is a viable antiviral target of polyamides. Since the RNA structure in the nucleocapsid is similar in all negative-strand RNA viruses, polyamides may be optimized to target the specific RNA genome of a negative-strand RNA virus, such as respiratory syncytial virus and Ebola virus.IMPORTANCENegative-strand RNA viruses (NSVs) include several life-threatening pathogens, such as rabies virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and Ebola virus. There are no effective antiviral drugs against these viruses. Polyamides offer an exceptional opportunity because they may be optimized to target each NSV. Our studies on vesicular stomatitis virus, an NSV, demonstrated that a polyamide molecule could specifically target the viral RNA in the nucleocapsid and inhibit viral growth. The target specificity of the polyamide molecule was proved by its inhibition of thermo-release and RNA nuclease digestion of the RNA bound in a model nucleocapsid, and a crystal structure of the polyamide inside the nucleocapsid. This encouraging observation provided the proof-of-concept rationale for designing polyamides as antiviral drugs against NSVs.

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