scholarly journals How the Spouse's Retirement Affects the Cognitive Health of Individuals in China: A Fresh Evidence From the Perspective of Social Interaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohan Xiong ◽  
Rui Li ◽  
Hualei Yang
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Fuzzy Regression ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Cognitive Health ◽  
The Social ◽  
Fuzzy Regression Discontinuity Design

Background: With the rapid aging of global population, the health consequences of retirement reform are debated greatly. However, most previous studies are limited to the effects on individual themselves, and pay scant attention to the social interaction between individuals and their spouse which may induce the social multiplier effect of retirement. Driven by the practical and academic motives, this study investigates the impacts of the spouse's retirement on the individual's cognitive health among Chinese dual-earner couples.Methods: We first build a simultaneous-equations model. Then, using the data from the 2010 to 2018 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), we choose the fixed-effects model and adopt the fuzzy regression discontinuity design method to analyze. Besides, we check the validity and robustness of the results. Finally, we employ the mediating effect model to explore the mechanisms.Results and Conclusions: The spouse's retirement has significantly negative direct and indirect effect on individual cognitive health. Husbands' retirement has a stronger adverse spillover effect than wives' retirement, and wives' cognitive health is more vulnerable to the social interaction effect. The direct spillover effect of husbands' retirement is −0.503 and that of wives' retirement is −0.312, the indirect spillover effect of husbands' retirement is −0.36 and that of wives' retirement is −0.279. In addition to the social interaction effect of cognition between the couples, we also find that the decrease in household income is an important mechanism, and that the increased exercise frequency can somewhat mitigate the adverse spillover effect.

Candidates’ Education and Turnout: Evidence from Italyn Municipal Elections

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Alberto De Benedetto ◽  
Maria De Paola
Keyword(s):  
Educational Level ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Fuzzy Regression ◽  
Regression Discontinuity Design ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Large Dataset ◽  
Municipal Elections ◽  
Fuzzy Regression Discontinuity Design ◽  
Electoral Turnout ◽  
The Impact

Abstract We analyze the impact that the educational level of candidates running for the position of mayor has on electoral turnout by using a large dataset for Italyn municipal elections held between 1993 and 2011. We firstly estimate a municipality fixed effects model and show that the median education of candidates standing in an election is positively correlated with turnout. To handle endogeneity issues arising from the unobservable time variant features of electoral races, we build on the literature which shows that politicians’ educational level is positively affected by their wage and apply a Fuzzy Regression Discontinuity Design on the basis of the fact that the wages of mayors in Italy increase non-monotonically at different thresholds. Results show that an exogenous increase in the median educational level of candidates, induced by a higher wage, leads to an increase in turnout of about 1 percentage point.

scholarly journals SPILLOVER EFFECTS OF A HUSBAND’S RETIREMENT ON A WOMAN’S HEALTH: EVIDENCE FROM URBAN CHINA

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S604-S604
Author(s):  
Emma Zang
Keyword(s):  
Marital Quality ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Fuzzy Regression ◽  
Fuzzy Regression Discontinuity Design ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Wage Earners ◽  
Mental Well Being

Abstract This paper examines the effect that a man’s retirement has on his wife’s mental and physical health. I exploit the large increase in the probability of retirement at the legal retirement age for urban male wage earners in China as a natural experiment, using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (CHARLS). I have implemented a fuzzy regression discontinuity design to compare the health outcomes of women whose husbands recently retired with those whose husbands are close to retire. My findings indicate that the retirement of her spouse improves physical and mental well-being of the woman, most likely by increasing the frequency of her social interactions and exercising. Although income and marital quality are less likely to be the main channels through which this positive spillover effect operates, decreased marital satisfaction or severe income constraints can be binding.

scholarly journals Supply Chain Power and Corporate Environmental Responsibility: Mediation Effects Based on Business Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 9264
Author(s):  
Tao Luo ◽  
Ruhe Xie
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Bootstrap Method ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Environmental Responsibility ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Corporate Environmental Responsibility ◽  
Mediation Effects

Corporate environmental responsibility is an important component of corporate social responsibility. Based on data from Chinese listed companies from 2010–2018, the relationship between the two was explored using a fixed-effects model, with the supply chain net cash ratio being used as a proxy variable for supply chain power. This study found that supply chain power has a significant positive impact on the environmental responsibility of upstream suppliers and downstream customers. There is a vertical spillover effect of supply chain power on corporate environmental responsibility. A stepwise regression approach was used to investigate the mediating effect of business performance between the two, and the bootstrap method was used to test the existence of the mediating effect. Firms can use their power in the supply chain to reasonably allocate profits in the supply chain, which not only helps them to fulfil their environmental responsibility but also influences other firms in the supply chain to fulfil their environmental responsibility.

scholarly journals Does Gender Diversity Influence Business Efficiency? An Analysis from the Social Perspective of CSR

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milagros Gutiérrez-Fernández ◽  
Yakira Fernández-Torres
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Stochastic Frontier Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
Business Efficiency ◽  
Board Gender Diversity ◽  
Corporate Social

Gender-related corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices are receiving increasing attention from all stakeholders, as the commitment to achieving equal opportunities for women has become a top priority. However, the reality is that women remain under-represented at the most senior corporate level, and there is a lack of knowledge about many of the implications this situation entails. This study aimed to provide the first analysis of the direct effect and the indirect effect (through leverage) of board gender diversity on business efficiency. The stochastic frontier approach was used to estimate efficiency. Possible determinants were studied using a fixed effects model with instrumental variables to correct for endogeneity problems. A sample of 91 Spanish listed companies was selected. Data were gathered for the period 2004 to 2015. This period is of great interest because it spans two different contexts in terms of gender legislation. The key findings are that promoting gender diversity is important to boost efficiency and that it is vital to consider possible indirect effects such as the role of leverage.

Technology Spillover Effects and Policies: Evidence from Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 491
Author(s):  
Ngoc Minh NGO
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Technology Spillover ◽  
Production Scale ◽  
The North ◽  
Domestic Enterprise ◽  
Technology Spillover Effect ◽  
Capitalization Rate

The paper examines empirical research on technology spillover effects from foreign invested enterprises (FIEs) to domestic manufacturing and processing firms in the North of Vietnam in 2016-2018 period. The Hausman test demonstrates Fixed Effects Model is suitable for the most-updated panel data. The empirical results indicate that FIEs create a pervasive effect on the productivity of domestic manufacturing and processing firms. However, the technology spillover effect depends on characteristics of domestic enterprise. Accordingly, the capitalization rate and production scale are positively correlated with technology spillover while the technology gap is negatively. This finding is useful for authorities to map out policies for domestic firms to absorb more effectively technology spillover effect from FIEs.

scholarly journals Price-Setting Behavior in the Presence of Social Interactions

2006 ◽  
Vol 226 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriaan R. Soetevent ◽  
Lambert Schoonbeek
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Price Setting ◽  
Optimal Price ◽  
Specific Composition ◽  
The Social ◽  
Other Consumers

SummaryWe consider a market with a profit-maximizing monopolistic firm. Utility-maximizing consumers either buy one unit of the good or none at all. The demand for the good is influenced by local social interactions. That is, the utility which a consumer derives from the consumption of the good depends positively on the fraction of other consumers in his own social group that consume the good. We first consider a benchmark case where the population of consumers is not segmented and constitutes one social group. We derive the optimal price and profit of the firm for this case. Next, we analyse the optimal price and profit for the case where the population of consumers is partitioned into two different social groups. Comparing the results for the cases with one and two social groups, it turns out that the partition into groups does not unambiguously gives the firm the opportunity to raise its price and increase its profit. The effects depend on a non-trivial interplay between the strength of the social interaction effect and the specific composition of the social groups.

scholarly journals WHAT PROTECT EMERGING MARKETS FROM DEVELOPED COUNTRIES UNCONVENTIONAL MONETARY POLICY SPILLOVER?

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-468
Author(s):  
Eko Sumando
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Unconventional Monetary Policy ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Panel Fixed Effects

This paper investigates the macro-characteristics that reduce the spillover effect of unconventional monetary policy (UMP) from developed countries to the emerging market ones. We use event study method to examine 24 UMP announcements and a panel fixed effects model to examine the characteristics of the emerging markets. The spillover channel considered in this paper is the exchange rate. The results show inconclusiveness of the macroeconomic fundamentals role on emerging markets’ currency resilience. From three main fundamental economic indicators, only inflation was found to significantly and positively contribute to exchange rate depreciation. Deeper financial markets contribute to better resilience. Tradelinkages with China provide less vulnerable currency position of the emerging markets while trade linkages with developed countries provide mixed evidence. The macro-prudential policy and the capital flow measures that the emerging markets countries implemented before to the announcements are moderately effective on reducing the spillover effect.

scholarly journals MANAGING PRICE AND SERVICE RATE IN CUSTOMER-INTENSIVE SERVICES UNDER SOCIAL INTERACTIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 878-896
Author(s):  
Chengzhang Li ◽  
Minghui Jiang ◽  
Xuchuan Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Service Provider ◽  
Service Rate ◽  
Optimal Price ◽  
Queue System ◽  
The Social ◽  
Market Coverage ◽  
Interaction Intensity

This paper investigates the price and service rate decisions in a customer-intensive service in an M/M/1 queue system under the influence of social interactions, where a higher value of the service is perceived if more customers purchase the service. The customer-intensive nature of the service requires a low service speed to maintain its quality, which may increase the congestion of the system. Two cases where customers are either homogeneous or heterogeneous in terms of the customer intensity are considered. It is found that social interactions can always benefit the service provider as more expected revenue can be achieved, and potential profits would be lost if the influence of social interactions is ignored. For the case with heterogeneous customers, the optimal price and service rate decisions are solved with or without considering social interaction effect. The study finds the proportions of high and low sensitive customers and the social interaction intensity are critical to the operational decisions and the market coverage strategies. These results offer a better understanding on the interplay between the quality-speed conundrum and the influence of social interactions in customers’ purchase behaviour in managing customer-intensive services.

scholarly journals More Land, Less Pollution? How Land Transfer Affects Fertilizer Application

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11268
Author(s):  
Junqian Wu ◽  
Xin Wen ◽  
Xiulin Qi ◽  
Shile Fang ◽  
Chenxi Xu
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Western China ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Production Scale ◽  
Fertilizer Use ◽  
Land Transfer ◽  
Land Size

Reducing fertilizer use is key to curbing agricultural pollution and ensuring food safety. Land transfer enables farmers to obtain a more appropriate production scale, but its effect on the intensity of fertilizer application is not theoretically certain. On one hand, farmers with more land may adopt more scientific production methods, thus reducing the use of chemical fertilizers. On the other hand, the short-term behavior of land grantees on transferred land may increase fertilizer use intensity. This paper attempts to theoretically elucidate the specific mechanisms by which land transfer affects the intensity of fertilizer application and to verify the relationship between the two using data from fixed rural observation sites across China from 2011–2014 with the fixed-effects model and the mediating effect model. This paper concludes that (1) land transfer significantly reduces the intensity of fertilizer use; (2) land transfer increases the land size and promotes the use of machinery by farmers, but only the increase in land size further reduces the intensity of fertilizer application; (3) the effect of land transfer on fertilizer application intensity is significant only for food crops and not for cash crops, and (4) the effect of land transfer on fertilizer application intensity is most pronounced in western China, where land fragmentation is the severest and insignificant in eastern China, where agricultural modernization is more advanced.

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