scholarly journals A Review of Possible EEG Markers of Abstraction, Attentiveness, and Memorisation in Cyber-Physical Systems for Special Education

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Dimitrova ◽  
Hiroaki Wagatsuma ◽  
Aleksandar Krastev ◽  
Eleni Vrochidou ◽  
J. David Nunez-Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
Humanoid Robots ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Diagnostic Ability ◽  
Technological Support ◽  
Learning Mechanism ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Novelty P3 ◽  
Brain Processing

Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) for special education rely on effective mental and brain processing during the lesson, performed with the assistance of humanoid robots. The improved diagnostic ability of the CPS is a prerogative of the system for efficient technological support of the pedagogical process. The article focuses on the available knowledge of possible EEG markers of abstraction, attentiveness, and memorisation (in some cases combined with eye tracking) related to predicting effective mental and brain processing during the lesson. The role of processing abstraction is emphasised as the learning mechanism, which is given priority over the other mechanisms by the cognitive system. The main markers in focus are P1, N170, Novelty P3, RewP, N400, and P600. The description of the effects is accompanied by the analysis of some implications for the design of novel educational scenarios in inclusive classes.

scholarly journals A Computational Framework for Procedural Abduction Done by Smart Cyber-Physical Systems

Designs ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imre Horváth
Keyword(s):  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
Computational Framework ◽  
Learning Mechanism ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
System Adaptation ◽  
Ampliative Reasoning ◽  
Run Time

To be able to provide appropriate services in social and human application contexts, smart cyber-physical systems (S-CPSs) need ampliative reasoning and decision-making (ARDM) mechanisms. As one option, procedural abduction (PA) is suggested for self-managing S-CPSs. PA is a knowledge-based computation and learning mechanism. The objective of this article is to provide a comprehensive description of the computational framework proposed for PA. Towards this end, first the essence of smart cyber-physical systems is discussed. Then, the main recent research results related to computational abduction and ampliative reasoning are discussed. PA facilitates beliefs-driven contemplation of the momentary performance of S-CPSs, including a ‘best option’-based setting of the servicing objective and realization of any demanded adaptation. The computational framework of PA includes eight clusters of computational activities: (i) run-time extraction of signals and data by sensing, (ii) recognition of events, (iii) inferring about existing situations, (iv) building awareness of the state and circumstances of operation, (v) devising alternative performance enhancement strategies, (vi) deciding on the best system adaptation, (vii) devising and scheduling the implied interventions, and (viii) actuating effectors and controls. Several cognitive algorithms and computational actions are used to implement PA in a compositional manner. PA necessitates not only a synergic interoperation of the algorithms, but also an objective-dependent fusion of the pre-programmed and the run time acquired chunks of knowledge. A fully fledged implementation of PA is underway, which will make verification and validation possible in the context of various smart CPSs.

The Role of Communications in Cyber-Physical Vehicle Applications

2010 ◽  
pp. 139-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas F. Maxemchuk ◽  
Patcharinee Tientrakool ◽  
Theodore L. Willke
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Transportation Infrastructure ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Traffic Lights ◽  
Improve Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Efficiency Increase ◽  
Control Traffic ◽  
Transportation Applications

Cyber-physical systems use sensing, communications, and computing to control the operation of physical devices. Sensing and computing devices have been embedded in automobiles and in the transportation infrastructure. Communications adds a new dimension to the capabilities of these systems. The embedded computers and sensors in both vehicles and the infrastructure will be networked into cyber-physical systems that reduce accidents, improve fuel efficiency, increase the capacity of the transportation infrastructure, and reduce commute times. The authors describe applications that improve the operation of automobiles, control traffic lights, and distribute the load on roadways. The requirements on the communications protocols that implement the applications are determined and a new communications paradigm, neighborcast, is described. Neighborcast communicates between nearby entities, and is particularly well suited to transportation applications.

scholarly journals Role of Ontologies for CPS Implementation in Manufacturing

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Garetti ◽  
Luca Fumagalli ◽  
Elisa Negri
Keyword(s):  
Domain Knowledge ◽  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
Manufacturing System ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Network Connection ◽  
Manufacturing Applications ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Embedded Intelligence

Abstract Cyber Physical Systems are an evolution of embedded systems featuring a tight combination of collaborating computational elements that control physical entities. CPSs promise a great potential of innovation in many areas including manufacturing and production. This is because we obtain a very powerful, flexible, modular infrastructure allowing easy (re) configurability and fast ramp-up of manufacturing applications by building a manufacturing system with modular mechatronic components (for machining, transportation and storage) and embedded intelligence, by integrating them into a system, through a network connection. However, when building such kind of architectures, the way to supply the needed domain knowledge to real manufacturing applications arises as a problem to solve. In fact, a CPS based architecture for manufacturing is made of smart but independent manufacturing components without any knowledge of the role they have to play together in the real world of manufacturing applications. Ontologies can supply such kind of knowledge, playing a very important role in CPS for manufacturing. The paper deals with this intriguing theme, also presenting an implementation of this approach in a research project for the open automation of manufacturing systems, in which the power of CPS is complemented by the support of an ontology of the manufacturing domain.

scholarly journals The Role of Cyber Physical Systems to Improve Smart Learning Environments

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 646-651
Keyword(s):  
Learning Environments ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Basic Study ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Smart Learning ◽  
Smart Learning Environments ◽  
Manufacturing Sectors ◽  
Almost All

The growth of technologies lead to a lot of improvements in almost all the fields. A huge man power is used in all the fields especially in manufacturing sectors. We can reduce man power mainly for the work which can be done by machines in an efficient manner. Industry 4.0 is focusing mainly for this purpose. Cyber physical systems are used to build a system with better communication and data collection in a shared and collaborative manner from all components of that system in safe and reliable manner. As though CPS is starting its implementation in all the fields this work deals mainly with role of cyber physical systems for smart learning environments. This work forms a basic study of those systems.

scholarly journals The effect of industrial revolutions on the transformation of social and economic systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonid Melnyk ◽  
Oleksandr Kubatko ◽  
Iryna Dehtyarova ◽  
Oleksandr Matsenko ◽  
Oleksandr Rozhko
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Role ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Creative Economy ◽  
Biological Entity ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Constant Change ◽  
Economic Formation ◽  
Industrial Revolutions

The development of human civilization is related to the constant change of economic formations, and the current social and economic situation is determined by such concepts as Society 5.0, Fourth, and Fifth Industrial Revolutions (FIR, FiIR). The paper aims to estimate the change of human role in each economic formation caused by industrial revolutions. A structured review methodology with a focus on biological, labor, and personal entity of human within the industrial revolutions is used. The description of the changes between the biological, labor, and personality entities of human in various socio-economic formations is discussed. The human as a biological entity is not changed in the first four industrial revolutions, while the FiIR tries to change the biological entity through augmenting the physical capacity. The human as a labor entity is not changed in the first three industrial formations, while the FIR tries to replace the majority of physical human jobs and opens the gate for creative economy and decisions-making. The direct labor participation is minimized within FIR since the economic systems move to the transition to the dominant role of cyber-physical systems. The personal human development is triggered within the FiIR, since informational diversity in economic systems is actualized, and conditions for creative jobs within the creative economy are formed. The biological, labor, and personality entities of human are sequentially actualized within the economic formation caused by industrial revolutions.

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