Effects of Hypotonic and Isotonic Enteral Electrolyte Solutions Administered in Continuous Flow in Weaned Foals

ABSTRACT The present study assessed and compared the effects of hypotonic enteral electrolyte solutions administered by nasoesophageal tube in continuous flow in dogs submitted to water restriction on packed cell volume; total serum protein and serum osmolarity concentrations; blood volume; plasma glucose and lactate levels; blood gas analysis, anion gap, and strong ion difference. Six adult dogs were used (four males and two females). All animals were submitted to both proposed treatments in a crossover design 6×2. The treatments were as follows: ESmalt consisting of 5g sodium chloride, 1g potassium chloride, 1g calcium acetate, 0.2g magnesium pidolate, and 9.6g maltodextrin that were diluted in 1.000mL water (measured osmotic concentration of 215mOsm L−1) and ESdext consisting of 5g sodium chloride, 1g potassium chloride, 1g calcium acetate, 0.2g magnesium pidolate, and 9.6g dextrose that were diluted in 1.000mL water (measured osmotic concentration of 243mOsm L−1). All solutions were administered at 15ml kg−1 h−1 for 4 hours. Both solutions increased the plasma volume in dehydrated dogs without causing adverse effects. However, ESmalt was more effective in promoting the increase in blood volume.

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Enteral Fluid Therapy in Horses: Effects of Maintenance Hypotonic Electrolyte Solutions Containing Maltodextrin, Sucrose, or Dextrose Administered in Continuous Flow

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science ◽

10.1016/j.jevs.2016.11.007 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 50 ◽

pp. 96-101 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

José D. Ribeiro Filho ◽

Ana E. Pessin ◽

Leandro A. Fonseca ◽

Waleska M.F. Dantas ◽

Caio M. Costa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fluid Therapy ◽

Continuous Flow ◽

Electrolyte Solutions

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ChemInform Abstract: Heterogeneous Continuous Flow Synthetic System Using Cyclohexane-Based Multiphase Electrolyte Solutions.

ChemInform ◽

10.1002/chin.201149021 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 42 (49) ◽

pp. no-no

Author(s):

Yohei Okada ◽

Tomohiko Yoshioka ◽

Mikio Koike ◽

Kazuhiro Chiba

Keyword(s):

Continuous Flow ◽

Electrolyte Solutions

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Enteral fluid therapy administered in continuous flow by naso-ruminal route using three maintenance electrolyte solutions: effects on physiological biomarkers and the hemogram of bovines

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20180217 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 48 (8) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Pedro Ancelmo Nunes Ermita ◽

José Dantas Ribeiro Filho ◽

Rinaldo Batista Viana ◽

Micheline Ozana da Silva ◽

Samuel Rodrigues Alves ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Propylene Glycol ◽

Fluid Therapy ◽

Continuous Flow ◽

Hemoglobin Concentration ◽

Electrolyte Solutions ◽

Calcium Acetate ◽

Therapy Animals ◽

All Solutions ◽

Maintenance Fluid Therapy ◽

Calcium Propionate

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of three enteral electrolyte solutions, each with different energy sources, administrated as continuous flow on the physiological parameters and blood count of healthy Holstein heifers. Six Holstein heifers were used in a crossover design. All animals received all three treatments: solution with calcium propionate, 4g of NaCl, 0.5g of KCl, 0.3g of MgCl2, and 10g of calcium propionate diluted in 1000mL of water (measured osmolarity: 299mOsm/L); solution with glycerol, 4g of NaCl, 0.5g of KCl, 0.3g of MgCl2, 1g of calcium acetate, and 10mL of glycerol in 1000mL of water (measured osmolarity: 287mOsm/L); solution with propylene glycol, 4g of NaCl, 0.5g of KCl, 0.3g of MgCl2, 1g of calcium acetate, and 15mL of propylene glycol in 1000mL of water (measured osmolarity: 378mOsm/L). Physical evaluations and blood samples were collected immediately before the initiation of fluid therapy, at 3-hour intervals over the 12-hour period of fluid therapy, and 12 hours after the end of fluid therapy. Animals presented no signs of stress or discomfort. All solutions resulted in a significant decrease in erythrocyte concentration, hemoglobin concentration, and hematocrit, without affecting the leukogram. Enteral fluid therapy administered as continuous flow via the naso-ruminal route was well-tolerated by animals with minimal effects on animal welfare, even when administered for 12 hours. This technique is indicated as an alternative route for parenteral maintenance fluid therapy. Electrolyte solutions proposed here were able to significantly expand blood volume.

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Enteral electrolyte solutions with different osmolarities administered in a continuous flow in newborn calves

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20160891 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 47 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

José Dantas Ribeiro Filho ◽

Waleska de Melo Ferreira Dantas ◽

Antônio de Pádua Lima ◽

Rinaldo Batista Viana ◽

Micheline Ozana da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrolyte Solution ◽

Continuous Flow ◽

Sodium Acetate ◽

Electrolyte Solutions ◽

Plasma Sodium ◽

Holstein Cattle ◽

Three Solutions ◽

Serum Osmolarity ◽

Water Solutions ◽

Newborn Calves

ABSTRACT: This study compared the effects of enteral electrolyte solutions with different osmolarities in Holstein cattle. Eighteen newborn calves were evenly divided into three groups and administered the following treatments: hypotonic electrolyte solution (ESHYPO) containing 4g NaCl, 0.5g KCl, 1g sodium acetate, and 7.5g dextrose diluted in 1,000mL water; isotonic electrolyte solution (ESISO) containing 5g NaCl, 1g KCl, 2g sodium acetate, and 10g dextrose diluted in 1,000mL water; and hypertonic electrolyte solution (ESHYPER) containing 6g NaCl, 1g KCl, 3g sodium acetate, and 15g dextrose diluted in 1,000mL water. Solutions were administered at a rate of 15mL kg-1hr-1 for 12 hours in a continuous flow. All three solutions increased the concentration of plasma sodium, but ESHYPO did not alter the serum osmolarity. Both ESISO and ESHYPO resulted in an increase in volemia.

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Use of enteral electrolyte solutions with different sodium acetate concentrations in weaned foals: the effects on acid-base balance, blood glucose, lactate, and urine ph

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20210256 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 52 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Lorena Chaves Monteiro ◽

Rinaldo Batista Viana ◽

Raffaella Bertoni Cavalcanti Teixeira ◽

Marcel Ferreira Bastos Avanza ◽

Pedro Ancelmo Nunes Ermita ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Continuous Flow ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Electrolyte Solutions ◽

Acid Base Balance ◽

Acid Base ◽

Urine Ph ◽

Urinary Ph ◽

Blood Ph ◽

Base Balance

ABSTRACT: The effects of acetate as an alkalinizing agent in maintenance enteral electrolyte solutions administered by nasogastric route in a continuous flow have not been previously described in weaned foals. This is the second part of a study that evaluated the effects of two electrolyte solutions of enteral therapy fluid in weaned foals. In this part, will be considered the effects of enteral electrolyte solutions containing different acetate concentrations on acid-base balance, blood glucose, lactate and urine pH of weaned foals. This was a controlled trial in a cross-over design performed in six foals with a mean age of 7.3 ± 1.4 months. After 12 h of water and food deprivation, each animal received the following two treatments by nasogastric route in a continuous flow of 15 ml/kg/h during 12 h: HighAcetate (acetate 52 mmol/l) and LowAcetate (acetate 22.6 mmol/l). The HighAcetate treatment was effective in generating a slight increase in blood pH, blood bicarbonate concentration, base excess and urinary pH.

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Catalyst- and oxidant-free electrochemical para-selective hydroxylation of N-arylamides in batch and continuous-flow

Green Chemistry ◽

10.1039/d0gc02294b ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (19) ◽

pp. 6437-6443

Author(s):

Cheng-Kou Liu ◽

Meng-Yi Chen ◽

Xin-Xin Lin ◽

Zheng Fang ◽

Kai Guo

Keyword(s):

Ammonium Salt ◽

Quaternary Ammonium ◽

Continuous Flow ◽

Quaternary Ammonium Salt ◽

Selective Hydroxylation

A catalyst-, oxidant-, acidic solvent- and quaternary ammonium salt-free electrochemical para-selective hydroxylation of N-arylamides at rt in batch and continuous-flow was developed.

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