The Adipokine Component in the Molecular Regulation of Cancer Cell Survival, Proliferation and Metastasis

A hormonal imbalance may disrupt the rigorously monitored cellular microenvironment by hampering the natural homeostatic mechanisms. The most common example of such hormonal glitch could be seen in obesity where the uprise in adipokine levels is in virtue of the expanding bulk of adipose tissue. Such aberrant endocrine signaling disrupts the regulation of cellular fate, rendering the cells to live in a tumor supportive microenvironment. Previously, it was believed that the adipokines support cancer proliferation and metastasis with no direct involvement in neoplastic transformations and tumorigenesis. However, the recent studies have reported discrete mechanisms that establish the direct involvement of adipokine signaling in tumorigenesis. Moreover, the individual adipokine profile of the patients has never been considered in the prognosis and staging of the disease. Hence, the present manuscript has focused on the reported extensive mechanisms that culminate the basis of poor prognosis and diminished survival rate in obese cancer patients.

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A Molecular Connection Between Breast Cancer Proliferation and Metastasis Mediated by Akt Kinase

10.21236/ada420127 ◽

2003 ◽

Author(s):

Georg F. Weber

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Akt Kinase ◽

Cancer Proliferation ◽

Proliferation And Metastasis

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HnRNPR/CCNB1/CENPF Axis Contributes to Gastric Cancer Proliferation and Metastasis

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3391171 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Er-Bao Chen ◽

Xuan Qin ◽

Ke Peng ◽

Qian Li ◽

Cheng Tang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Cancer Proliferation ◽

Proliferation And Metastasis

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Making Things Up

10.1093/oso/9780199682683.001.0001 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 87

Author(s):

Karen Bennett

Keyword(s):

Good Sense ◽

Individual Behaviors ◽

Subatomic Particles ◽

The Family ◽

Composition Property ◽

The Individual ◽

In Virtue Of

We frequently speak of certain things or phenomena being built out of or based in others. This soda can is made of molecules, which are in turn made of atoms, which are in turn made of subatomic particles. The behavior of a crowd is based in the behaviors of and interactions between individual people—it behaves as it does in virtue of the individual behaviors and interactions. Making Things Up concerns the family of relations that such talk appeals to, which Karen Bennett calls “building relations.” Grounding is one currently popular such relation; so too are composition, property realization, and—controversially—causation. Building relations connect more fundamental things (like atoms) to less fundamental things (like soda cans). But what are we even talking about when we say that something is more fundamental than something else? This book illuminates the ideas of building and fundamentality, as they are deployed in metaphysics and elsewhere in philosophy. Bennett paints a picture of a hierarchically structured world, and makes good sense of otherwise somewhat cryptic talk of “in virtue of” and fundamentality.

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The Epistemology of Groups

10.1093/oso/9780199656608.001.0001 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jennifer Lackey

Keyword(s):

Group Level ◽

Social Significance ◽

Individual Group ◽

Key Concepts ◽

Normative Requirements ◽

Group Members ◽

The Individual ◽

Belief Justification ◽

In Virtue Of ◽

Trump Administration

Groups are often said to bear responsibility for their actions, many of which have enormous moral, legal, and social significance. The Trump Administration, for instance, is said to be responsible for the U.S.’s inept and deceptive handling of COVID-19 and the harms that American citizens have suffered as a result. But are groups subject to normative assessment simply in virtue of their individual members being so, or are they somehow agents in their own right? Answering this question depends on understanding key concepts in the epistemology of groups, as we cannot hold the Trump Administration responsible without first determining what it believed, knew, and said. Deflationary theorists hold that group phenomena can be understood entirely in terms of individual members and their states. Inflationary theorists maintain that group phenomena are importantly over and above, or otherwise distinct from, individual members and their states. It is argued that neither approach is satisfactory. Groups are more than their members, but not because they have “minds of their own,” as the inflationists hold. Instead, this book shows how group phenomena—like belief, justification, and knowledge—depend on what the individual group members do or are capable of doing while being subject to group-level normative requirements. This framework, it is argued, allows for the correct distribution of responsibility across groups and their individual members.

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EZH2-mediated epigenetic suppression of EphB3 inhibits gastric cancer proliferation and metastasis by affecting E-cadherin and vimentin expression

Gene ◽

10.1016/j.gene.2018.11.015 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 686 ◽

pp. 118-124 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Kun Zhao ◽

Jing He ◽

Yan-fen Wang ◽

Shi-dai Jin ◽

Yu Fan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Cancer Proliferation ◽

Vimentin Expression ◽

Proliferation And Metastasis ◽

Epigenetic Suppression ◽

E Cadherin

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Long non‑coding RNA MIAT promotes gastric cancer proliferation and metastasis via modulating the miR‑331‑3p/RAB5B pathway

Oncology Letters ◽

10.3892/ol.2020.12219 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (6) ◽

pp. 1-1

Author(s):

Xiao-Mei Li ◽

Yan-Yan Jiao ◽

Bao-Hong Luan ◽

Hong-Xia Wu ◽

Rong-Rong Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Cancer Proliferation ◽

Non Coding Rna ◽

Proliferation And Metastasis ◽

Long Non Coding Rna

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The Hypoxic Microenvironment of Breast Cancer Cells Promotes Resistance in Radiation Therapy

Frontiers in Oncology ◽

10.3389/fonc.2020.629422 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Author(s):

Cordell Gilreath ◽

Marjan Boerma ◽

Zhiqiang Qin ◽

M. Keith Hudson ◽

Shanzhi Wang

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Radiation Therapy ◽

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Tumor Hypoxia ◽

Cancer Control ◽

Tumor Resistance ◽

Cancer Proliferation ◽

Cancer Society ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Proliferation And Metastasis

The American Cancer Society has estimated an expected 279,100 new breast cancer cases, and an expected 42,690 breast cancer deaths in the U.S. for the year 2020. This includes an estimated 276,480 women who are expected to be diagnosed. Radiation therapy, also called ionizing radiation therapy, is one of the most frequently used methods in the treatment of breast cancer. While radiation therapy is used in the treatment of more than 50% of all cancer cases, tumor resistance to ionizing radiation presents a major challenge for effective cancer treatment. Most tumor cells are in a hypoxic microenvironment that promotes resistance to radiation therapy. In addition to radiation resistance, the hypoxic microenvironment also promotes cancer proliferation and metastasis. In this review, we will discuss the hypoxic microenvironment of breast cancer tumors, related signaling pathways, breast cancer stem-like cells, and the resistance to radiation therapy. Recent developments in our understanding of tumor hypoxia and hypoxic pathways may assist us in developing new strategies to increase cancer control in radiation therapy.

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