The Relationship Between Magnesium Supplementation and Glycemic Control in Diabetic Patients: A Review

Abstract Aim The incidence rate of diabetes is increasing year by year, seriously threatening human health. As a predictor of glycemic control, glycated hemoglobin is reported to be related to various complications and prognoses of diabetes. Besides, HDL-C dyslipidemia is a component of metabolic syndrome and may be related to various cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The principal objective of this project was to investigate the relationship between HDL-C and glycosylated hemoglobin in adult diabetic patients. Methods A total of 3171 adult diabetic patients aged 20 years and above were included in the present study from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). HDL-C and glycosylated hemoglobin were regarded as independent and dependent variables, respectively. EmpowerStats software and R (version 3.4.3) were used to examine the association between HDL-C and glycosylated hemoglobin. Results HDL-C was inversely associated with glycohemoglobin after adjusting for other covariates (β = − 0.004, 95% CI:− 0.008 to − 0.000, p = 0.044). Race/ethnicity and age were considered the most prominent interactive factors that affect the relationship between HDL and glycosylated hemoglobin by the interaction analysis. A U-shaped association was detected between HDL-C and glycosylated hemoglobin for people of other race/ethnicity or aged 60 and above, which had an inflection point of HDL-C at 60 mg/dL. In contrast, we observed an inverted U-shaped distribution between HDL-C and glycosylated hemoglobin in people under 40 with point of inflection located at 60 mg/dL as well. Conclusions HDL-C in diabetic patients is inversely associated with glycosylated hemoglobin and may be relevant to glycemic control. However, a U-shaped relationship was also observed in a certain kind of people, which implied that, though HDL-C is considered as metabolism and anti-atherogenic property, for diabetics, it is not the higher, the better.

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The relationship between glycemic control and plasma vascular endothelial growth factor and endothelin-1 concentration in diabetic patients

Metabolism ◽

10.1016/j.metabol.2003.12.002 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 53 (5) ◽

pp. 550-555 ◽

Cited By ~ 62

Author(s):

Hiroaki Kakizawa ◽

Mitsuyasu Itoh ◽

Yasutoshi Itoh ◽

Shigeo Imamura ◽

Yoko Ishiwata ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Vascular Endothelial ◽

Endothelin 1 ◽

Endothelial Growth Factor ◽

The Relationship

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The relationship between glycemic control and BNP levels in diabetic patients

Endocrine Abstracts ◽

10.1530/endoabs.32.p406 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Kursad Dal ◽

Naim Ata ◽

Bunyamin Yavuz ◽

Omer Sen ◽

Guler Kizilca ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glycemic Control ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

The Relationship

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Comparison of Glycated Albumin and Hemoglobin A1cConcentrations in Diabetic Subjects on Peritoneal and Hemodialysis

Peritoneal Dialysis International ◽

10.3747/pdi.2008.00243 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 72-79 ◽

Cited By ~ 82

Author(s):

Barry I. Freedman ◽

Rajeev N. Shenoy ◽

Jonathan A. Planer ◽

Kimberly D. Clay ◽

Zak K. Shihabi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glycemic Control ◽

Glycated Albumin ◽

Serum Glucose ◽

Outcome Variable ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Dialysis Patients ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Stage Renal Disease ◽

End Stage ◽

The Relationship

BackgroundRelative to hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c), percentage of glycated albumin (GA%) more accurately reflects recent glycemic control in diabetic hemodialysis (HD) patients.MethodsTo determine the accuracy of glycemic assays in a larger sample including patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD), HbA1cand GA% were measured in 519 diabetic subjects: 55 on PD, 415 on HD, and 49 non-nephropathy controls.ResultsMean ± SD serum glucose levels were higher in HD and PD patients relative to non-nephropathy controls (HD 169.7 ± 62 mg/dL, PD 168.6 ± 66 mg/dL, controls 146.1 ± 66 mg/dL; p = 0.03 HD vs controls, p = 0.13 PD vs controls). GA% was also higher in HD and PD patients (HD 20.6% ± 8.0%, PD 19.0% ± 5.7%, controls 15.7% ± 7.7%; p < 0.02 HD vs controls and PD vs controls). HbA1cwas paradoxically lower in dialysis patients (HD 6.78% ± 1.6%, PD 6.87% ± 1.4%, controls 7.3% ± 1.4%; p = 0.03 HD vs controls, p = 0.12 PD vs controls). The serum glucose/HbA1cratio differed significantly between dialysis patients and controls ( p < 0.0001 HD vs controls, p = 0.002 PD vs controls), while serum glucose/GA% ratio was similar across groups ( p = 0.96 HD vs controls, p = 0.64 PD vs controls). In best-fit multivariate models with HbA1cor GA% as outcome variable, dialysis status was a significant predictor of HbA1cbut not GA%.ConclusionsThe relationship between HbA1cand GA% differs in diabetic patients with end-stage renal disease who perform either PD or HD compared to those without nephropathy. HbA1csignificantly underestimates glycemic control in peritoneal and hemodialysis patients relative to GA%.

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The Relationship Between Adult Neuropsychological Profiles and Diabetic Patients' Glycemic Control

Applied Neuropsychology ◽

10.1080/09084280903526133 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 44-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Josef Zihl ◽

Ludwig Schaaf ◽

Eric A. Zillmer

Keyword(s):

Glycemic Control ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

The Relationship

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PDB44 EXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GLYCEMIC CONTROL AND MEDICATION ADHERENCE IN DIABETIC PATIENTS

Value in Health ◽

10.1016/s1098-3015(10)75022-1 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. A409-A410

Author(s):

SL Pinto ◽

S Holl

Keyword(s):

Medication Adherence ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

The Relationship

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Anxiety and Poor Glycemic Control: A Meta-Analytic Review of the Literature

The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine ◽

10.2190/klgd-4h8d-4ryl-twq8 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 235-247 ◽

Cited By ~ 179

Author(s):

Ryan J. Anderson ◽

Allison B. Grigsby ◽

Kenneth E. Freedland ◽

Mary De Groot ◽

Janet B. McGill ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glycemic Control ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Poor Glycemic Control ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Collective Data ◽

Diagnostic Interviews ◽

Analytic Review ◽

The Relationship

Objective: To determine whether anxiety is associated with poor glycemic control in adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Method: MEDLINE, PubMed, and PsycINFO databases were used to locate studies that measured the association of anxiety with glycemic control. Meta-analytic procedures were used to convert the findings to a common metric, compute effect sizes (ES), and statistically analyze the collective data. Results: The search procedures identified 12 studies, 11 (92 percent) of which satisfied the criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis. In this overall group, anxiety was not associated with glycemic control ( p = 0.19), although the ES was marginally statistically significant (ES = .09, 95 percent CI = 0.04 to 0.14). In studies that determined anxiety from diagnostic interviews, anxiety was associated with hyperglycemia ( p = 0.003) and the ES was also statistically significant (ES: 0.25, 95 percent CI = 0.10 to 0.38). Conclusions: The existing literature suggests that anxiety disorders are associated with hyperglycemia in diabetic patients. Additional studies are required to confirm the magnitude of the relationship, to elucidate moderating and causal factors, and to determine whether successful treatment of anxiety improves glycemic control.

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