scholarly journals Use of Lentinan and Fluopimomide to Control Cotton Seedling Damping-Off Disease Caused by Rhizoctonia solani

Agriculture ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Shoumin Sun ◽  
Haohao Yan ◽  
Gang Chen ◽  
Shuai Yang ◽  
Jie Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Plant Disease Resistance ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Seedling Disease ◽  
Cotton Seedling ◽  
Cotton Seeds ◽  
Acid Pathway

Lentinan (LNT) is a natural and functional polysaccharide isolated from Lentinus edodes fruiting bodies, which functions in stimulating the plant immune response, improving plant disease resistance and regulating plant growth. This study explores the use of LNT as a plant growth regulator and attractant in cotton production. After treatment with LNT, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in cotton seeds decreased, whereas the activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) in leaves increased significantly. LNT also promoted the growth and development of cotton plants and significantly reduced the incidence of cotton damping-off disease. The relative expression of salicylic acid pathway-related genes in cotton also increased significantly. The prevention mechanism of fluopimomide was also evaluated, and the result showed lower EC50 values and was effective in controlling cotton seedling disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani in both greenhouse experiments and field trials. The use of LNT and fluopimomide in controlling cotton seedling damping-off disease showed a synergistic effect in field trials. These results will provide a new insight into the agricultural application of LNT as a biological fungicide in the field of biological controls.

scholarly journals Bacillus-based biological control of cotton seedling disease complex

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-348
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ahmed Khiyami ◽  
Moawad Ragab Omar ◽  
Kamel Ahmed Abd-Elsalam ◽  
Aly Abd El-Hady Aly
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Single Strain ◽  
Seedling Disease ◽  
Cotton Seedling ◽  
Disease Complex ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Greenhouse Evaluation ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Bacillus Strains

Abstract To formulate an efficient and eco-friendly strategy for the management of cotton seedling disease complex, pot experiments were conducted and the efficiency of eight Bacillus strains against seven fungi involved in the disease were determined. A greenhouse evaluation of the interaction between fungal isolates and Bacillus strains was carried out. The evaluation revealed a very highly significant Bacillus strains x fungal isolates interaction for all the following parameters: preemergence damping-off, postemergence damping-off, survival, plant height, and dry weight. This interaction implies that a single strain of the Bacillus sp. can be highly effective against a fungal isolate, but may have only minimal effects on other fungal isolates. The results of the present study demonstrated that Bacillus circulans and B. coagulans were the most effective strains in controlling cotton seedling disease. Therefore, strains of Bacillus spp. should be tested against as many fungal isolates as possible. The testing will improve the chance of identifying Bacillus strains effective against several fungal isolates.

A Fungicide Application Decision (FAD) Support System for Postbloom Fruit Drop of Citrus (PFD)

2002 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natália A. R. Peres ◽  
Soonho Kim ◽  
Howard W. Beck ◽  
Nilton L. Souza ◽  
Lavern W. Timmer
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Support System ◽  
Thielaviopsis Basicola ◽  
Seedling Disease ◽  
Cotton Seedling ◽  
Fungicide Application ◽  
Disease Complex ◽  
Fruit Drop ◽  
Application Decision ◽  
Seedling Diseases

Surveys were conducted to identify fungi associated with postemergence cotton seedling disease in Missouri. Samples consisted of 10 cotton seedlings, 2 to 3 weeks after emergence, with symptoms of seedling diseases collected from a 0.25 ha area in each of 60 fields in 1997 and 1998. Four genera of fungi were cultured from the roots (Fusarium, Pythium, Rhizoctonia, and Thielaviopsis) and three species were identified: Rhizoctonia solani, Thielaviopsis basicola, and Pythiumultimum. Rhizoctonia solani, T. basicola, and P. ultimum were cultured from seedlings in 70%, 47%, and 15% of fields sampled in 1997, respectively, and 55%, 17%, and 5% of fields sampled in 1998, respectively. Repeated tests of pathogenicity confirmed that R. solani AG-4, T. basicola, and P. ultimum were major causal agents of postemergence cotton seedling disease in Missouri. This study provides the first documentation on the distribution and frequency of fungi associated with postemergence seedling disease complex of cotton based on a survey of randomly selected fields. Accepted for publication 10 July 2002. Published 31 July 2002.

Fungi Associated With Postemergence Cotton Seedling Disease in Missouri

2002 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Wrather ◽  
B. Phipps ◽  
C. S. Rothrock
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Thielaviopsis Basicola ◽  
Seedling Disease ◽  
Cotton Seedling ◽  
Disease Complex ◽  
Seedling Diseases

Surveys were conducted to identify fungi associated with postemergence cotton seedling disease in Missouri. Samples consisted of 10 cotton seedlings, 2 to 3 weeks after emergence, with symptoms of seedling diseases collected from a 0.25 ha area in each of 60 fields in 1997 and 1998. Four genera of fungi were cultured from the roots (Fusarium, Pythium, Rhizoctonia, and Thielaviopsis) and three species were identified: Rhizoctonia solani, Thielaviopsis basicola, and Pythiumultimum. Rhizoctonia solani, T. basicola, and P. ultimum were cultured from seedlings in 70%, 47%, and 15% of fields sampled in 1997, respectively, and 55%, 17%, and 5% of fields sampled in 1998, respectively. Repeated tests of pathogenicity confirmed that R. solani AG-4, T. basicola, and P. ultimum were major causal agents of postemergence cotton seedling disease in Missouri. This study provides the first documentation on the distribution and frequency of fungi associated with postemergence seedling disease complex of cotton based on a survey of randomly selected fields. Accepted for publication 9 July 2002. Published 22 July 2002.

Mechanism of seedling protection induced by a hypovirulent isolate of Rhizoctonia solani

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 2135-2141 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Sneh ◽  
M. Ichielevich-Auster ◽  
Z. Plaut
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Produce Cell ◽  
Protected Plants ◽  
Hypovirulent Strain ◽  
Seedling Protection

Among several hypovirulent isolates of Rhizoctonia spp. tested, one isolate (No. 521) provided significantly higher protection (76–94%) to radish and cotton seedlings against infection by virulent isoltes of Rhizoctonia spp. and also induced a higher increased plant growth response than the others. The hypovirulent strain did not compete for root exudates. The protected plants were not induced to produce new polyphenols, melanins, more lignins, or phytoalexins. Also they did not produce inhibitors of pectinases or cellulases released by the pathogen, nor did they produce cell wall lytic-type enzymes, such as chitinase and β-(1,3) glucanase. Ca2+ content was significantly higher in seedlings colonized by the hypovirulent isolate. The hypovirulent isolate densely colonized the surface of roots and hypocotyls, and removal of its hyphae nullified the protection provided by this isolate. Key words: Rhizoctonia solani, damping-off, hypovirulent isolate, biological control.

scholarly journals Control of Cotton Seedling Damping-off in the Field by Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) cepacia

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Zaki ◽  
I. J. Misaghi ◽  
A. Heydari ◽  
M. N. Shatla
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Pseudomonas Cepacia ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Cotton Seedling ◽  
Soil Drench

Four field trials were conducted in April 1995 and 1996 in Arizona to compare the effectiveness of: 1, a soil drench of isolate D1 of Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) cepacia; 2, isolate D1 barley meal formulation; 3, Deny seed treatment (a peat moss-based formulation of B. cepacia); 4, Deny soil drench; 5, Kodiak seed treatment (a formulation of Bacillus subtilis); 6, a mixture of three fungicides (metalaxyl, triadimenol, and thiram) seed treatment; and 7, a mixture of metalaxyl, triadimenol, thiram, and Kodiak seed treatment to increase cotton stand in the field. Except for D1, the other products are being marketed for the control of cotton seedling damping-off. Only D1 soil drench and a mixture of the three fungicides seed treatment increased cotton stand significantly (P ≤ 0.05) in three of four field trials.

scholarly journals Benefits of Cotton Seed Treatments for the Control of Seedling Diseases in Relation to Inoculum Densities of Pythium Species and Rhizoctonia solani

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (7) ◽  
pp. 766-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Davis ◽  
J. J. Nunez ◽  
K. V. Subbarao
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Cotton Seed ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Particle Analysis ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Pythium Species ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Pathogen Populations

Twenty-five field trials conducted over a 3-year period in five San Joaquin Valley counties included the following treatments: nontreated cotton seed; seed treated with myclobutanil for the control of Rhizoctonia solani-induced damping-off; seed treated with metalaxyl for the control of Pythium-induced damping-off; and seed treated with a combination of the two fungicides. The following parameters were measured: soil populations of Pythium spp. and R. solani at planting, soil temperature at planting, air temperatures for 5 days after planting, soil particle analysis, EC, calcium, pH, organic matter, and plant stands from each treatment. In 1993 and 1994, myclobutanil and the combination of the two fungicides resulted in improved stands in 15 of 18 fields. Metalaxyl did not increase stands in any field in 1993 to 1994. In 1995, the combination of fungicides increased stands relative to the nontreated seeds and was more effective in increasing stands than myclobutanil or metalaxyl alone. Pythium populations were much greater in 1995 than in 1993 to 1994 and may explain the increase in plant stands with the combination of fungicides and metalaxyl alone. Covariate analysis of the data indicated no relationship between stand increases from fungicide seed treatment and any of the soil parameters measured. Heat units following planting were not limiting and had no effect on stands. Populations of pathogens were not related to benefits of fungicides, with the exception of a negative correlation between stand increases from seed treatment with myclobutanil and Pythium populations. Apparently, seed protected with a fungicide active against R. solani were more susceptible to infection by Pythium spp. In general, the fungicide seed treatment active against R. solani increased stands of the cultivar Maxxa regardless of soil type and pathogen populations. Increased stands from the metalaxyl treatment occurred in 1 of the 3 years of the study.

The influence of temperature on the exudation of nutrients from cotton seeds and on preemergence damping-off by Rhizoctonia solani

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 1663-1669 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Hayman
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Physiological Age ◽  
Inoculum Potential ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Seed Exudate ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Cotton Seeds ◽  
Total Amino Acids

Evidence is presented suggesting that increased seed exudation is a major factor contributing to increased preemergence damping-off of cotton seedlings by Rhizoctonia solani at low temperatures.About seven and three times as much total amino acids and sugars were exuded at 18 and 24 °C, respectively, as at 30 °C, by germinating cotton seeds of equivalent physiological age. Sixteen amino acids and five sugars were exuded. Seed exudation is not related to rate of germination or to respiration.Accumulation of seed exudate at low temperatures was related to increased pathogenesis in vitro and in soil. This appeared to be because R. solani competitively used this exudate to increase its inoculum potential near the germinating seed, thereby becoming more virulent on the susceptible juvenile tissues of the seedling.

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