scholarly journals Floral Biology Studies in Habanero pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) to Implement in a Cross-Breeding Program

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura P. Peña-Yam ◽  
Liliana S. Muñoz-Ramírez ◽  
Susana A. Avilés-Viñas ◽  
Adriana Canto-Flick ◽  
Adolfo Guzmán-Antonio ◽  
...  

Knowledge of the reproductive biology of a species is fundamental in order to develop an efficient program of genetic improvement by hybridization. The viability of the pollen, anther dehiscence, receptivity of the stigma and the anthesis of 12 improved lines of Habanero pepper were studied to develop a cross-breeding program. Among the results, the greatest number of flowers in anthesis was quantified at 8:00 a.m. for most genotypes. The dehiscence of the anther differed significantly in stages evaluated, observing in flower buds 100% of the closed anthers. The receptivity was positive in all the stages evaluated (before, during and after anthesis) and in all the genotypes, the most outstanding being the genotype AKN-08, which presented 100% of receptivity in the three stages evaluated. The viability of the pollen varied among the different conservation times evaluated (0, 24 and 48 h) while the highest percentage of viability (80%) and the largest number of seeds per fruit (56) were obtained when recently collected pollen was used (0 time). These results will have an important repercussion on the improvement of the Habanero pepper by increasing the efficiency of the programs to obtain hybrids and/or improved varieties.

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 1219-1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Murakami ◽  
Hisakatsu Iwabuchi ◽  
Manabu Horikawa ◽  
Shoko Mori ◽  
Yukie Ohba ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Guadalupe Fabiola Arcos-Ortega ◽  
Rafael Antonio Chan-Kuuk ◽  
Wilma Aracely González-Kantún ◽  
Ramón Souza-Perera ◽  
Yumi Elena Nakazawa-Ueji ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 43:1 ◽  
pp. 7350-7365
Author(s):  
Joseph Blaise Pando ◽  
Denis Djonwangwé ◽  
Olivier Balti Moudelsia ◽  
Fernand-Nestor Tchuenguem Fohouo ◽  
Joseph Lebel Tamesse

Pour déterminer la richesse spécifique, la fréquence relative, les produits alimentaires recherchés, les insectes pollinisateurs et l’impact de ces insectes sur les rendements, deux traitements ont été formés à partir du marquage de 240 boutons floraux en 2015 et 2017 chacun selon la présence ou l’absence de protection contre les insectes. Les observations ont été faites sur les fleurs de Abelmoschus esculentus en libre pollinisation du 11 au 22 septembre 2015 et du 7 au 19 septembre 2017 à Wourndé et Palar respectivement. La diversité spécifique des insectes floricoles de gombo était de 17 et 20 espèces respectivement à Wourndé et à Palar. L’indice de Jacard (J = 0,15) révèle une similarité entre les deux sites, preuve que les conditions environnementales sont similaires dans les deux habitats. Les insectes butinaient les fleurs du gombo de 8 h à 13 h, avec le pic de l’activité de l’ensemble de visites de ceux-ci situé entre 10 h et 11 h. Les insectes développaient un comportement très élaboré lors de la récolte du nectar et/ou du pollen et la consommation du pétale. On peut regrouper ces insectes en pollinisateur majeur (Lipotriches collaris), pollinisateurs mineurs [Sphecodes albilabris, Camponotus flavomarginatus, le Vespidae (1 sp.), Lasioglossum albilabris, Seladonia sp., Lasioglossum albipes, Lipotriches pulchriventris et le Formicidae (1 sp.)] et pollinisateurs occasionnels. La comparaison des rendements des fleurs non protégées à celui des fleurs protégées des insectes ont montré que les insectes ont un impact positif sur ce rendement. L’influence de ces insectes est estimée à 9,57%, 7,18% et 4,34% pour le taux de fructification, le nombre de graines/capsule et le pourcentage de graines normales respectivement. Afin d’améliorer le rendement de A. esculentus, il est conseillé de préserver les insectes floricoles non nuisibles dans les champs de gombo en évitant les traitements aux pesticides pendant la période de floraison lorsqu’ils ne se justifient pas. ABSTRACT To determine the species richness, the relative frequency, desired food products, the pollinating insects and impact of these insects on the yields, two treatments were formed from the marking of 240 flower buds in 2015 and 2017, differentiated according to the presence or absence of protection against insect’s activities. Observations were made on free-pollinated Abelmoschus esculentus flowers from 11 to 22 September 2015 and from 7 to 19 September 2017 in Wourndé and Palar respectively. The specific diversity of the flowering insects of okra was 17 and 20 species respectively in Wourndé and Palar. The Jacard index (J = 0.15) reveals a similarity between the two sites, proof that the environmental conditions are similar in both habitats. The insects foraged the flowers of the okra from 8h to 13h, with the peak of the activity of the set of visits of them located between 10 h and 11 h. The insects developed a much elaborated behaviour during the harvest of the nectar and / or the pollen and the consumption of petal. These insects can be grouped into major pollinators (Lipotriches collaris), minor pollinators [Sphecodes albilabris, Camponotus flavomarginatus, Vespidae (1 sp.), Lasioglossum albilabris, Seladonia sp., Lasioglossum albipes, Lipotriches pulchriventris and Formicidae (1 sp.)).] and occasional pollinators. By comparing the yield of unprotected flowers to that of insect-protected flowers, it appeared that insects have a positive impact on this yield. The influence of these insects is estimated at 9.57 %, 7.18 % and 4.34 % for the fruiting rate, the number of seeds / capsule and the percentage of normal seeds respectively. To improve the yield of A. esculentus, it is advisable to preserve the flower-dwelling insects in okra fields by avoiding pesticide treatments during the flowering period when they are not justified.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel de Jesús Ramírez‐Rivera ◽  
Ingrid Mayanin Rodriguez‐Buenfil ◽  
Mirielen Pérez‐Robles ◽  
Julio Enrique Oney‐Montalvo ◽  
Witoon Prinyawiwatkul ◽  
...  

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 141 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Olguín-Rojas ◽  
Oreto Fayos ◽  
Lucio Vázquez-León ◽  
Marta Ferreiro-González ◽  
Guadalupe Rodríguez-Jimenes ◽  
...  

The evolution of individual and total capsaicinoids content in three pepper varieties of Capsicum chinense Jacq. (‘Bode’ (B), ‘Habanero’ (H), and ‘Habanero Roxo’ (Hr)) during fruit ripening was studied. The five major capsaicinoids (nordihydrocapsaicin, capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, homocapsaicin, and homodihydrocapsaicin) were extracted using ultrasound-assisted extraction and the extracts were analysed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (UHPLC-Fl). The plants were grown in a glasshouse and sampled every 7 days until over-ripening. As expected, the results indicated that the total capsaicinoids content increases during the ripening of pepper fruits. The maximum contents of capsaicinoids were reached at different fruit development stages depending on the cultivar. The ‘Habanero Roxo’ pepper presented the greatest total capsaicinoids content (3.86 mg g−1 fresh weigh, F.W.), followed by the ‘Habanero’ pepper (1.33 mg g−1 F.W.) and ‘Bode’ pepper (1.00 mg g−1 F.W.). In all the samples, capsaicin represented more than 80% of the total capsaicinoids content. Due to the high variability observed in the evolution of capsaicinoids content over the ripening process, this work intends to contribute to the existing knowledge on this aspect in relation to the quality of peppers.


10.12737/2227 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 130-133
Author(s):  
Наимов ◽  
Alisher Naimov ◽  
Меликов ◽  
Kurbonali Melikov ◽  
Партоев ◽  
...  

The article presents the results of a study on the features on the formation of generative organs of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in mountainous areas of Tajikistan at a height of over 2700 meters above sea level. There is a difference in formation character of generative system of potato plants, depending on the genotype accessions. It was noted that the formation of flower buds on the total amount of from 5 to 95%, and the number of berries formed 1to 10 units /plant or from 7.7 to 20.6 % of the total number of flowers. Formation of berries of potato varieties in a little due to the amount of viable pollen grains per flower. The number of seeds in a berry varies from 51 to 150 units, and it is associated with the viability of the pollen grains of potato flower. One berry of potatoes in average contains about 96 pieces of seeds. It was determined that 16 % of potato accessions form less than 10 % have viable pollen grains, which is probably due to a partial cytoplasmic sterile pollen.


2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 861-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcio Silva de Souza ◽  
Giorgini Augusto Venturieri

In the present work, cacauhy's (Theobroma speciosum) floral biology was studied. Flower buds split their sepals at 14h reaching its maximum at 22h, but all flowers were fully opened at 6:00 h of the following morning. Stigmatic branches showed exudates, reaching maximum between 6:00 h and 10:00 h at the same day. Ligules and petal hoods were the floral parts with highest intensity of odour. Flowers were receptive along all the morning and noon of the anthesis day. Approximately 65% of the flowers were naturally pollinated, but only 0.85% of them set a fruit. Abscission occurred on its higher frequency at 6:00 h of the second day after anthesis. Controlled pollinations showed that cacauhy was self-incompatible species.


1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 437 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Bernhardt ◽  
RB Knox ◽  
DM Calder

Facultative cleistogamy has not been found In some Austrahan Amyema spp , and the stigma does not functlon in pollen presentation at anthesis. Wlthin mature flower buds self-polllnatlon is prevented by morphological and physiological barriers, a protandrous condition largely prevents mechanical or zoophilous self-pollination In vitro pollination experiments revealed that xenogamous crosses are most successful In the production of pollen tubes in the style although geitonogamy may act as a 'fail safe mechanism' at varying levels under natural condltlons in A miquelii (Lehm, ex Miq) Van Tiegh, A. miraculosum (Miq ) Van Tiegh and A. penduium (Sieber ex Spreng ) Van Tiegh. Of the four species studied, A. quandang (Lindl ) Van Tiegh had the highest levels of self-compatibility.


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