scholarly journals Molecular Characterization and Functional Analysis of Wheat TtLOX Gene Involved in Aphid Resistance

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 780
Author(s):  
Xinlun Liu ◽  
Xiaolong Ma ◽  
Xudan Kou ◽  
Jinfeng Bai ◽  
Hong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Target Gene ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Sitobion Avenae ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Grain Aphid ◽  
Aphid Feeding ◽  
Wheat Leaves ◽  
Rate Limiting

The English grain aphid (Sitobion avenae F.) is one of the most important and destructive pests in wheat production worldwide. Lipoxygenase (LOX) is a key rate-limiting enzyme in the bio-synthesis pathway of jasmonate and methyl jasmonate in plants and animals. This enzyme is essential for plant growth and for biotic and abiotic stresses response. In this study, the TtLOX gene from wheat (Triticum turgidum) was isolated and characterized, and its conserved domains, phylogenetic relationship and subcellular localization were investigated. As a 2787-bp open reading frame (ORF) gene, TtLOX was predicted to encode a protein of 928-amino acid. TtLOX transcription was up-regulated in response to aphid feeding; the expression of TtLOX in wheat leaves was significantly higher in Lanmai, an aphid-resistant variety, than in Poland 305, an aphid-sensitive variety. In contrast, TtLOX expression was down-regulated both in individuals treated with methyl-jasmine (MeJA) and in individuals with the TtLOX gene silenced by barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV). The aphid numbers on the MeJA treated plants and on the TtLOX gene-silenced plants were higher than that on the control plants. These results suggest that the TtLOX gene may have potential as a target gene for controlling Sitobion avenae in wheat.

Antibiosis and tolerance but not antixenosis to the grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (Hemiptera: Aphididae), are essential mechanisms of resistance in a wheat cultivar

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 448-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-H. Cao ◽  
M.-Z. Pan ◽  
H.-R. Liu ◽  
S.-H. Wang ◽  
T.-X. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Sitobion Avenae ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Aphid Infestation ◽  
Phloem Sap ◽  
Grain Aphid ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Aphid Feeding

AbstractContinuous ingestion of the phloem sap of plants by aphids can remove a significant amount of photoassimilates. Based on our earlier works, we hypothesized that due to the reduced aphid feeding time caused by antibiosis, wheat plants may achieve growth tolerance to aphids. We tested this hypothesis using three wheat cultivars, XY22 (Xiaoyan22), AK58 (Bainongaikang58) and XN979 (Xinong979) and the grain aphid, Sitobion avenae. In the choice test, S. avenae did not show any preference among the three wheat cultivars. However, S. avenae had a lower body weight and a lower intrinsic rate of increase when feeding on XY22 than on AK58 and XN979. The electrical penetration graph results indicated that S. avenae had significantly shorter mean and total phloem ingestion periods on XY22 than on AK58 or XN979. The aphids required a similar time to reach the phloem sap on the three wheat cultivars, but required more time to establish sustained phloem ingestion on XY22. These results suggest that the resistance factors of XY22 may be phloem based. Moreover, XY22 suffered less biomass loss in response to aphid infestation compared with XN979, suggesting that XY22 also had a better growth tolerance to S. avenae than XN979. Wheat resistance level to S. avenae was partially correlated with plant photosynthetic rates, and peroxidase activities. These results confirmed that the limitation in aphid feeding from plant phloem in wheat cultivar XY22 was related to antibiosis but not antixenosis, which caused XY22 tolerance to S. avenae.

scholarly journals Impacts of Constitutive and Induced Benzoxazinoids Levels on Wheat Resistance to the Grain Aphid (Sitobion avenae)

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 783
Author(s):  
Zhanfeng Zhang ◽  
Hao Lan ◽  
Hehe Cao ◽  
Xiangshun Hu ◽  
Yongliang Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Sitobion Avenae ◽  
Aphid Resistance ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Callose Deposition ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Grain Aphid ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Wheat Leaves ◽  
The Relationship

Benzoxazinoids are important secondary metabolites in gramineae plants and have inhibitory and toxic effects against a wide range of herbivore pests. However, the relationship between benzoxazinoid level and plant resistance to aphids remains controversial. In this study, we investigated the relationship between benzoxazinoids composition and concentration in wheat leaves and the resistance to the grain aphid Sitobion avenae. Overall, six benzoxazinoids were detected and identified by mass spectrometry based metabolites profiling, including three lactams, two hydroxamic acids, and one methyl derivative. The constitutive levels of these benzoxazinoids were significantly different among the wheat varieties/lines. However, none of these benzoxazinoids exhibited considerable correlation with aphid resistance. S. avenae feeding elevated the level of 2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-oxy-4,7-dimethoxy-(2H)-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (HDMBOA-Glc) and reduced the level of 2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-4-hydroxy-7-(2H)-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (DIMBOA-Glc) in some of the wheat varieties/lines. Moreover, aphid-induced level of DIMBOA-Glc was positively related with callose deposition, which was closely associated with aphid resistance. Wheat leaves infiltrated with DIMBOA-Glc caused a noticeable increase of callose deposition and the effect was in a dose dependent manner. This study suggests that the constitutive level of benzoxazinoids has limited impact on S. avenae. Aphid feeding can affect the balance of benzoxazinoids metabolism and the dynamic level of benzoxazinoids can act as a signal of callose deposition for S. avenae resistance. This study will extend our understanding of aphid–wheat interaction and provides new insights in aphid-resistance wheat breeding.

In-field prevalence of resistant grain aphid Sitobion avenae (Fabricius)

2020 ◽  
Vol 120B (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Walsh ◽  
Schmidt ◽  
Williamson ◽  
Gaffney
Keyword(s):  
Sitobion Avenae ◽  
Grain Aphid

scholarly journals Activity of Aspartate Aminotransferase and Alanine Aminotransferase Within Winter Triticale Seedlings Infested by Grain Aphid (Sitobion Avenae F.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cezary Sempruch ◽  
Bogumił Leszczyński ◽  
Grzegorz Chrzanowski ◽  
Anna Filipczuk ◽  
Paweł Czerniewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Sitobion Avenae ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Grain Aphid

Effect of phenolic acids from black currant, sour cherry and walnut on grain aphid (Sitobion avenae F.) development

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 71-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Chrzanowski ◽  
Bogumił Leszczyński ◽  
Paweł Czerniewicz ◽  
Hubert Sytykiewicz ◽  
Henryk Matok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Sitobion Avenae ◽  
Black Currant ◽  
Grain Aphid

scholarly journals Primary parasitoid and hyperparasitoid guilds (hymenoptera) of grain aphid (Sitobion avenae F.) in northern Poland

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 1141-1148 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Barczak ◽  
A. Dębek-Jankowska ◽  
J. Bennewicz
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Sitobion Avenae ◽  
Aphidius Ervi ◽  
Primary Parasitoid ◽  
Parasitic Hymenoptera ◽  
Grain Aphid ◽  
Northern Poland

The aim of this study was to determine and compare the guilds of parasitic Hymenoptera associated with the grain aphid on rye and winter wheat. Of the seven species of primary parasitoids (Braconidae: Aphidiinae, Aphelinidae), parasitizing colonies of Sitobion avenae, the most numerous and most frequently occurring, included Praon volucre, Aphidius ervi and Aphidius uzbekistanicus. Primary parasitoids of grain aphids were eliminated largely by hyperparasitoids, mostly of the families Megaspilidae (Dendrocerus carpenteri), Figitidae-Alloxystini (Alloxysta spp. and Phaenoglyphis villosa) and Pteromalidae (Pachyneuron aphidis, Asaphes vulgaris, Coruna clavata), but D. carpenteri and Alloxysta spp. belonged to dominants and subdominants, respectively.

scholarly journals The Immediate-Early Gene Product Encoded by Open Reading Frame 57 of Herpesvirus Saimiri Modulates Gene Expression at a Posttranscriptional Level

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 857-861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Whitehouse ◽  
Matthew Cooper ◽  
David M. Meredith
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Product ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Immediate Early Gene ◽  
Open Reading Frame ◽  
Early Gene ◽  
Immediate Early ◽  
Herpesvirus Saimiri ◽  
Amino Acid Homology ◽  
Reading Frame

ABSTRACT The herpesvirus saimiri (HVS) immediate-early gene product encoded by open reading frame (ORF) 57 shares limited amino acid homology with HSV-1 ICP27 and Epstein-Barr virus BMLF1, both regulatory proteins. The ORF 57 gene has been proposed to be spliced based on the genome sequence, and here we confirm the intron-exon structure of the gene. We also demonstrate that a cDNA construct of the ORF 57 gene product represses the transactivating capability of the ORF 50a gene product (which is produced from a spliced transcript), but activates that of ORF 50b (an unspliced transcript). Further analyses with cotransfection experiments show that ORF 57 can either activate or repress expression from a range of both early and late HVS promoters, depending on the target gene. These results indicate that repression of gene expression mediated by the ORF 57 gene product is dependent on the presence of an intron within the target gene encoding region. Furthermore, Northern blot analysis demonstrates that the levels of mRNA transcribed from genes not containing an intron are not significantly affected in the presence of the ORF 57 gene product. This suggests that it regulates gene expression through a posttranscriptional mechanism.

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