scholarly journals Double-Double Row Planting Mode at Deficit Irrigation Regime Increases Winter Wheat Yield and Water Use Efficiency in North China Plain

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1315
Author(s):  
Xun Bo Zhou ◽  
Guo Yun Wang ◽  
Li Yang ◽  
Hai Yan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Soil Water Depletion ◽  
Double Row ◽  
Water Depletion ◽  
Use Efficiency

Low water availability coupled with poor planting method has posed a great challenge to winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) productivity. To improve productivity and water use efficiency (WUE) under deficit irrigation, an effective water-saving technology that is characterized by three planting modes has been developed (uniform with 30-cm row spacing (U), double-double row spacing of 5 cm (DD), and furrow-ridge row spacing of alternated 20 cm and 40 cm (F)) combined with three irrigation regimes (50 mm water each at growth stage 34 (GS34) and GS48 (W1), and 100 mm water at GS48 (W2), or 100 mm each water at GS34 and GS48 (W3)). Results showed that DD increased yield by 9.7% and WUE by 12.6% due to higher soil water status and less soil water depletion and evapotranspiration compared with U. Although the soil water status, soil water depletion, evapotranspiration, and yield increased with increasing irrigation amount, more soil water depletion and evapotranspiration resulted in low WUE. The deficit irrigation was beneficial for improving WUE as W1 had significantly increased yield by 5.4% and WUE by 7.1% compared with W2. Yield and evapotranspiration showed a quadratic dynamic equation indicating that yield increased with increasing evapotranspiration. Considering WUE and relatively higher yield under deficit water, W1 combined with DD is suggested to be a good management strategy to be applied in winter wheat of water-scarce regions.

scholarly journals Effect of Deficit Irrigation on Root Growth, Soil Water Depletion, and Water Use Efficiency of Cucumber

HortScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ved Parkash ◽  
Sukhbir Singh ◽  
Manpreet Singh ◽  
Sanjit K. Deb ◽  
Glen L. Ritchie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
The United States ◽  
Soil Water Depletion ◽  
Water Depletion ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Irrigation Levels

Water scarcity is increasing in the world, which is limiting crop production, especially in water-limited areas such as Southern High Plains of the United States. There is a need to adopt the irrigation management practices that can help to conserve water and sustain crop production in such water-limited areas. A 2-year field study was conducted during the summers of 2019 and 2020 to evaluate the effect of deficit irrigation levels and cultivars on root distribution pattern, soil water depletion, and water use efficiency (WUE) of cucumber (Cucumis sativus). The experiment was conducted in a split-plot design with four irrigation levels [100%, 80%, 60%, and 40% crop evapotranspiration (ETc)] as main plot factor and two cultivars (Poinsett 76 and Marketmore 76) as subplot factor with three replications. Results showed that root length density (RLD) was unaffected by the irrigation levels in 2019. In 2020, the RLD was comparable between 100% and 80% ETc, and it was significantly higher in 100% ETc than both 60% Eand 40% ETc. Root surface area density (RSAD) was not significantly different between 100% and 80% ETc, and it was significantly lower in both 60% and 40% ETc than 100% ETc in both years. Soil water depletion was the highest in 40% ETc followed by 60% and 80% ETc, and it was least in 100% ETc in both years. Evapotranspiration (ET) was the highest in 100% ETc followed by 80%, 60%, and 40% ETc. The WUE was not statistically different among the irrigation treatments. However, numerically, WUE was observed in the following order: 80% ETc > 100% ETc > 60% ETc > 40% ETc. The RLD, RSAD, soil water depletion, and ET were not significantly different between ‘Poinsett 76’ and ‘Marketmore 76’. However, fruit yield was significantly higher in ‘Poinsett 76’ than ‘Marketmore 76’, which resulted in higher WUE in Poinsett 76. It can be concluded that 80% ETc and Poinsett 76 cultivar can be adopted for higher crop water productivity and successful cucumber production in SHP.

Soil water depletion by tall and semidwarf oat and wheat cultivars

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 385-388
Author(s):  
R. M. Gentile ◽  
P. J. de Rocquigny ◽  
M. H. Entz
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Soil Water Depletion ◽  
Water Depletion

Knowledge of soil water use in different crops and among crop cultivars is useful in crop rotation planning. Net seasonal soil water depletion patterns in the 0- to 130-cm soil profile for semidwarf and tall cultivars of oat (Avena sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were compared at 3 site-years in Manitoba. Total soil water depletion was greater for oat than wheat (29–31 mm). This trend was consistent across site-years and N regimes. Greater water use for tall versus semidwarf oat was observed at one of three sites. Key words: Cultivars, oat, semidwarf, soil water depletion, wheat

scholarly journals Spacing between rows: effects on water-use efficiency of double-cropped wheat and soybean

2013 ◽  
Vol 153 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. B. Zhou ◽  
Y. H. Chen ◽  
Z. Ouyang
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Net Return ◽  
Use Efficiency

SUMMARYProductivity and water resource usage efficiency are crucial issues in sustainable agriculture. The aims of the present research were to compare and evaluate the soil moisture content (SMC), evapotranspiration (ETa), yield, water-use efficiency (WUE), and net return of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] under different plant population distribution patterns and to identify the possible ways to improve water utilization. Using the same plant population for a given crop, the experiments consisted of four spacings between rows (row spacings) for winter wheat (cvar Shannong 919) under both rainfed and irrigated conditions and five row spacings for summer soybean (cvar Ludou 4) under rainfed conditions. For winter wheat, the stem number with row spacing of 49 cm was the lowest in all treatments. The SMC was enhanced by irrigation, particularly at the 10–40 cm depth. The yield and WUE were negatively correlated with row spacing and were greater with narrower row spacing than with wider rows. For soybean, SMC in uniform distribution (spacing between plants) treatments was greater at lower depths than at shallower depths for each row spacing treatment. A high yield, WUE and net return of winter wheat and soybean can be achieved with narrower row spacing. Combining winter wheat row spacing of 14 cm with soybean row spacing of 18 cm and soybean row spacing of 27 cm is a highly suitable planting system for the plains of Northern China.

Response of no-till winter wheat to nitrogen fertilization and drought stress

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 1075-1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Johnston ◽  
D. B. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
N Application ◽  
Early Season ◽  
No Till ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Use Efficiency

The yield of recrop winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a function of the interaction between agronomic management and the prevailing environment. Eight field trials were conducted over 2 yr on Dark Brown and Black Chernozemic soils in Saskatchewan to determine the influence of fertilizer-N rate and time of application on the early-season crop development and water use of no-till seeded winter wheat. Ammonium nitrate was surface broadcast on one of three schedules: as early as possible (early); 67% early and 33% at the beginning of stem elongation (split): or 3 wk after early (late), at rates of 0, 67, 134 and 202 kg N ha−1. In 1987, N fertilization resulted in the development and maintenance of a larger leaf-area index (LAI) and increased leaf conductance, leading to higher dry matter (DM) yield at anthesis and harvest. High air temperatures increased evaporative demand in 1988 and hastened crop development. Early-season response of both LAI and tiller number to fertilizer-N were abruptly terminated, followed by rapid pre-anthesis senescence in 1988. On average, 43% of harvest DM had accumulated by anthesis in 1987, compared with 78% in 1988. Although early N application increased and maintained LAI over late N in three of the eight trials, tiller responses to early N application were lost before anthesis under the environmental stress encountered. Increases in water-use efficiency of DM production with added N were a reflection of DM responses and not water use. Most of the soil water was extracted pre-anthesis, with on average 98% of post-anthesis evapotranspiration (ET) coming from rainfall. Maximum ET was associated with periods of high rainfall. Pre-anthesis DM yield increases associated with fertilizer-N, and dependence of post-anthesis ET on rainfall, resulted in increased plant stress and reduced leaf conductance during grain filling with fertilizer-N additions. Early correction of N deficiencies were required to efficiently utilize rainfall and stored soil water for biomass production under the recrop conditions used to produce no-till winter wheat in Saskatchewan’s semi-arid environment.Key words: Winter wheat, N application time, drought, water-use efficiency

Effects of winter wheat row spacing on evapotranpsiration, grain yield and water use efficiency

2010 ◽  
Vol 97 (8) ◽  
pp. 1126-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suyin Chen ◽  
Xiying Zhang ◽  
Hongyong Sun ◽  
Tusheng Ren ◽  
Yanmei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Use Efficiency

scholarly journals Physiological Responses of Carambola Trees to Soil Water Depletion

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 2145-2150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashid Al-Yahyai ◽  
Bruce Schaffer ◽  
Frederick S. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Soil Water Depletion ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Water Depletion ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Exchange Parameters

Two-year-old `Arkin' carambola (Averrhoa carambola L.) trees were grown in containers in a greenhouse and the field in a very gravelly loam soil. Trees in the field were subjected to four soil water depletion (SWD) levels which averaged, 10.5%, 26.5%, 41.0%, and 55.5% and trees in the greenhouse were maintained at field capacity or dried continuously to produce a range of SWD levels. The relationships between SWD and leaf (ΨL) and stem (Ψs) water potential, net CO2 assimilation (ACO2), stomatal conductance of water (gs) and transpiration (E) were determined. Coefficients of determination values between physiological variables were higher for trees in the greenhouse than in the field, which may have been due to greater fluctuations in vapor pressure deficit (VPD) in the field. Soil water depletion levels above 50% caused a reduction in Ψs that subsequently decreased gs. This reduction in Ψs was correlated with a linear reduction in E and a considerable decline in ACO2 when gs fell below about 50 mmol·m–2 ·s–1. Leaf gas exchange parameters were better correlated with Ψs than with SWD level. Therefore, Ψs may be a better predictor of carambola tree water status than SWD in a well-drained, very gravelly loam soil.

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