scholarly journals Supplementing Nitrogen in Combination with Rhizobium Inoculation and Soil Mulch in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Production System: Part I. Effects on Productivity, Soil Moisture, and Nutrient Dynamics

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1582
Author(s):  
Mousumi Mondal ◽  
Milan Skalicky ◽  
Sourav Garai ◽  
Akbar Hossain ◽  
Sukamal Sarkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Moisture Distribution ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Peanut Crop ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) are the world’s fourth-most important source of edible oil and the third-most valuable source of high-quality vegetable protein; they also contain carbohydrates, fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals essential for good human nutrition. Peanuts area particularly valuable crop in tropical and subtropical regions. While the demand for peanuts is increasing globally, there is a significant gap in nitrogen supply and demand in peanut production systems. To alleviate this, nitrogen fertilizers are often applied indiscriminately; this practice leads to the deterioration of indigenous soil fertility and to a long-term decline in crop productivity. Considering these aspects of soil health, a field study was conducted over two consecutive winter (November–March) seasons in 2015–2016 and 2016–2017 at the research farm of the agricultural university Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya in West Bengal, India. This study examined supplementing different levels of nitrogen fertilizer with rhizobium and soil mulch in an irrigated peanut crop. The effects of these management interventions were evaluated in terms of crop productivity, nutrient dynamics, soil moisture, and the soil microbial activity. Peanuts grown with the 100% recommended dose of nitrogen, which was applied with rhizobium and grown under polythene mulching, recorded the highest average pod yield (3.87 and 3.96 t ha−1 in 2015–2016 and 2016–2017) and average kernel yield (2.88 and 2.99 t ha−1) in both growing seasons. This treatment also resulted in the greatest accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium by the peanut plants. In contrast, the maximum soil moisture distribution and the greatest total root zone moisture content were observed in the treatment with only rhizobium under the polythene mulch (i.e., no nitrogen was applied). The populations of soil bacteria and rhizobia were highest in the treatment where nitrogen fertilizer was applied to the crop at 75% of the recommended rate combined with rhizobium and under polythene mulch. After two cropping seasons, the peanut crop grown under polythene mulch with rhizobium and with nitrogen fertilizer applied at either the full recommended rate or 75% of this rate performed best in terms of crop productivity, soil nutrient dynamics, and soil moisture.

scholarly journals Modeling phosphorus distribution under different fertigation strategies in onion (Allium cepa L.) crop

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 720-729
Author(s):  
Sanjay T. Satpute ◽  
Man Singh
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Moisture Distribution ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Nutrient Distribution ◽  
Sandy Clay Loam ◽  
Phosphorus Distribution ◽  
Sandy Clay ◽  
Loam Soil

The understanding of soil and nutrient dynamics under drip fertigation is relevant for crop production as well as water and nutrient management. The aim of this study was to generate information about the distribution of phosphorus (P) under different fertigation strategies for onion production on sandy clay loam soil during 2007-2008 to 2008-2009. The study involved field experiment, laboratory analysis and modeling of P distribution. The phosphorus distribution data in the field were collected, analyzed and used to calibrate and validate the solute transport model HYDRUS-2D for sandy clay loam soil. The performance of HYDRUS-2D was evaluated by comparing its simulated values with the observed values of soil moisture and nutrient concentration. The coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) were used as model performance indicators. The range of R2 between 0.72-0.99 for water as well as nutrient distribution indicates good correlation between the observed and simulated values. The MAE and RMSE values for water and nutrient distribution were in between 0.0009 to 0.0039 which indicated the accuracy of the model. From these results, it can be concluded that the model is performing well for predicting the P concentration in the soil as well as the soil moisture distribution for onion crop grown under sandy clay loam. The model was also validated for water and phosphorus distribution with the observed values at the end of the crop season and found to be performing well. The HYDRUS-2D model may be used to carry out simulations for different soil types and with different fertigation and irrigation strategies for developing guidelines.

scholarly journals Supplementing Nitrogen in Combination with Rhizobium Inoculation and Soil Mulch in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Production System: Part II. Effect on Phenology, Growth, Yield Attributes, Pod Quality, Profitability and Nitrogen Use Efficiency

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mousumi Mondal ◽  
Milan Skalicky ◽  
Sourav Garai ◽  
Akbar Hossain ◽  
Sukamal Sarkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Peanut Crop ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Use Efficiency

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is adorned as the one of the important sources of vegetable oil, protein, vitamins and several minerals, which could mitigate the nutritional gap worldwide. However, peanut cultivation in winter suffers from low temperature stress and knowledge lacuna regarding the optimum dose nitrogen. Therefore, the present investigations were carried out during the winter seasons 2015–2016 and 2016–2017 at the district seed farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, an agricultural university in West Bengal, India (23°26’ N, 88°22´ E, elevation 12 m above mean sea level) to facilitate the comprehensive study of plant growth, productivity and profitability of an irrigated peanut crop under varied levels of nitrogen: with and without a rhizobium inoculants and with and without polythene mulch. Quality traits and nutrient dynamics were also itemized. Fertilizing with 100% of the recommended dose of nitrogen combined with rhizobium inoculant and polythene mulch significantly enhanced peanut plant growth, yield and yield-attributing traits, while resulting in the maximum fertilizer (i.e., nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) uptake by different plant parts. The greatest number of root nodules occurred in the treatment that received 75% of the recommended dose of nitrogen with rhizobium supplementation under polythene mulch, while 50% of the recommended dose of nitrogen with no rhizobium resulted in maximum fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency. Applying the full recommended dose of nitrogen with the rhizobium inoculants and mulch resulted in maximum profitability in the peanut crop.

scholarly journals Regulation of antioxidant mechanisms by AtDREB1A improves soil-moisture deficit stress tolerance in transgenic peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. e0216706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiren Bhalani ◽  
Radhakrishnan Thankappan ◽  
Gyan P. Mishra ◽  
Tanmoy Sarkar ◽  
Tejas C. Bosamia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Soil Moisture Deficit ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Moisture Deficit ◽  
Antioxidant Mechanisms ◽  
Moisture Deficit Stress ◽  
Transgenic Peanut

scholarly journals Quality of peanut mechanical sowing in function of seeding density and size of the seeds

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 711-720
Author(s):  
Cristiano Zerbato ◽  
Carlos E. A. Furlani ◽  
Rodrigo F Almeida ◽  
Murilo A. Voltarelli ◽  
Vicente F. A. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Operational Performance ◽  
Seeding Density ◽  
Peanut Crop ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Plant Stand ◽  
Normal Spacing

ABSTRACT Peanut crop (Arachis hypogaea L.) mechanization has been improved over the years; however there are drawbacks that affect the quality of operations. Thus, this article’s objectives were to evaluate the operational performance of the mechanized sowing of peanut crop according to seeding densities (10, 14, and 18 seeds m-1) and seed sizes (21 and 23 mm). It was observed that the seeds of 23 mm had shorter average number of days to emergence and a higher percentage of emergences, occurring the opposite to the seeding density of 18 seeds m-1. The higher the seeding density, the largest was the plant stand, whereas the 23 mm seed obtained the best results and the same with the seeding density of 14 seeds m-1 that had a higher percentage of normal spacing. The densities of 14 and 18 seeds m-1 reflected in higher yields, being always superior to the 23 mm seeds.

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