scholarly journals Cover Crop and Pruning Residue Management to Reduce Nitrogen Mineral Fertilization in Mediterranean Vineyards

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Antonino Pisciotta ◽  
Rosario Di Lorenzo ◽  
Agata Novara ◽  
Vito Armando Laudicina ◽  
Ettore Barone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crop ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Winter Cover Crop ◽  
Winter Cover

This paper aimed to study the effect of temporary cover crop and vine pruning residue burial as alternative practices to conventional tillage on soil nitrate (NO3-N) availability and grapevine performance in the short term. The trial was carried out in a rain-fed vineyard (Vitis vinifera L., cv Grecanico dorato/140 Ruggeri) located in a traditional Mediterranean viticultural area (37°32′48′′ N; 13°00′15′′ E) in Sicily (Italy). Conventional tillage (CT) soil management was compared with winter cover crop (CC), conventional tillage plus buried pruning residue (CT + PR), and winter cover crop plus buried pruning residue (CC + PR) management treatments. Two fertilizer treatments (92 kg ha−1 of N as urea and 0 kg ha−1) were applied to the four soil management treatments. Vicia faba L. was the selected leguminous cover crop species, which was seeded in autumn and buried in spring at the same time as vine pruning residues. The soil NO3-N content was monitored, and vine vegetative growth, yield, and must quality were assessed over two seasons. Results showed that NO3-N availability strongly differed between fertilized (F) and unfertilized (UF) plots and years and among treatments. A positive effect of winter leguminous CC + PR on the Grecanico dorato grapevine performance was observed. In the UF vineyard, grape fertility, yield, Ravaz index, and total soluble solids were significantly higher in CC + PR vines than in other treatments, thus showing the reliability of reducing N mineral fertilization and related risks of excess nitrate in groundwater. The possibility of increasing the overall sustainability of rain-fed vineyards in a semiarid agro-ecosystem, without negative effects on grape and must quality, is also demonstrated.

Peanut Yield Response to Conservation Tillage, Winter Cover Crop, Peanut Cultivar, and Fungicide Applications1

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald B. Sorensen ◽  
Timothy B. Brenneman ◽  
Marshall C. Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Winter Cover Crop ◽  
Winter Crop ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Strip Tillage

Abstract Strip tillage with various crop covers in peanut (Arachis hypogaea, L.) production has not shown a clear yield advantage over conventional tillage, but has been found to reduce yield losses from some diseases. This study was conducted to determine pod yield and disease incidence between two tillage practices, five winter cover crops, three peanut cultivars, and three fungicide programs. Conventional and strip tillage treatments were implemented on a Greenville sandy loam (fine, kaolinitic, thermic Rhodic Kandiudults) near Shellman, GA. Five winter cereal grain cover crops (strip tillage) and a no-cover crop treatment were sprayed at recommended (1R), half recommended (0.5R) or untreated (0R) fungicide programs. Within peanut cultivars, leaf spot (Cercospora arachidicola Hori) intensity decreased as the number of fungicide applications increased; however, stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii) incidence was the same for the 1R and 0.5R fungicide programs but increased 0R program. Conventional tilled peanuts developed more leaf spot compared with strip tillage. There was no difference in leaf spot ratings among winter crop covers. There was no difference in stem rot incidence with tillage or winter cover crop. There was no yield difference with peanut cultivar. Pod yield was the same for the 1R and 0.5R fungicide program (3867 kg/ha) but decreased at the 0R fungicide program (2740 kg/ha). Pod yield was greater with conventional tillage and strip tillage with black oats (Avena sativa L.) (3706 kg/ha) compared with strip tillage of other winter crop cover treatments (3358 kg/ha). Conventional tillage had more leaf spot, equal incidence of stem rot, and higher yield compared with strip tillage. The 0.5R fungicide program had the same yield compared with the 1R fungicide program implying a possible 50% savings on fungicide applications on well rotated fields with lower disease risk.

scholarly journals Influences of crop rotation tillage residue management and winter cover crop on takeall in spring wheat

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 261-269
Author(s):  
M.G. Cromey ◽  
G.S. Francis ◽  
L.A. Trimmer ◽  
F.J. Tabley ◽  
R.N. Gillespie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Winter Cover Crop ◽  
Plant Emergence ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Winter Cover Crops ◽  
Very High

The effects of soil and residue management factors (tillage postharvest crop residue management and winter cover crops) and crop rotation (wheat following two barley crops wheat following ryegrass) on take all were compared in a 3year field trial in Canterbury Incidence of takeall was very high in plots that had previously grown barley and very low in plots that followed ryegrass Takeall incidence was also much greater in plots that were disced than in plots that were directdrilled Differences in soil pH and in plant emergence were also recorded between disced and directdrilled plots but there was no evidence that they caused the increased levels of takeall There was a tendency towards reduced yields in the disced plots that had severe levels of takeall

Winter Cover Crop and Management Effects on Summer and Annual Nutrient Yields

2006 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 946-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis E. Rowe ◽  
Timothy E. Fairbrother ◽  
Karamat A. Sistani
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crop ◽  
Winter Cover Crop ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Management Effects

Influence of Winter Cover Crop Mulch on Arthropods in a Reduced Tillage Cucurbit System

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda L Buchanan ◽  
Cerruti R R Hooks
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crop ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Winter Cover Crop ◽  
Winter Cover

scholarly journals Influence of Cover Crop, Tillage, and Crop Rotation Management on Soil Nutrients

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel I. Haruna ◽  
Nsalambi V. Nkongolo
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
N Availability ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Long Term Effects

Cover cropping, tillage and crop rotation management can influence soil nutrient availability and crop yield through changes in soil physical, chemical and biological processes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of three years of cover crop, tillage, and crop rotation on selected soil nutrients. Twenty-four plots each of corn (Zea mays) and soybean (Glycine max) were established on a 4.05 ha field and arranged in a three-factor factorial design. The three factors (treatments) were two methods of tillage (no-tillage (NT) vs. moldboard plow [conventional] tillage (CT)), two types of cover crop (no cover crop (NC) vs. cover crop (CC)) and four typess of rotation (continuous corn, continuous soybean, corn/soybean and soybean/corn). Soil samples were taken each year at four different depths in each plot; 0–10 cm, 10–20 cm, 20–40 cm and 40–60 cm, and analyzed for soil nutrients: calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), nitrogen (NO3 and NH4), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), sodium (Na), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and copper (Cu). The results in the first year showed that CT increased NO3-N availability by 40% compared with NT. In the second year, NH4-N was 8% lower under CC compared with NC management. In the third year, P was 12% greater under CC management compared with NC management. Thus, CC can enhance crop production systems by increasing P availability and scavenging excess NH4-N from the soil, but longer-term studies are needed to evaluate long-term effects.

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