scholarly journals Optimal Planting Date of Kernza Intermediate Wheatgrass Intercropped with Red Clover

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2227
Author(s):  
Oluwakorede Olugbenle ◽  
Priscila Pinto ◽  
Valentin D. Picasso
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Transfer ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Intermediate Wheatgrass ◽  
Harvest Year

Intermediate wheatgrass (IWG) is a new perennial dual-use crop for grain and forage with growing interest among farmers. Intercropping IWG with red clover may increase yield and nutritive value through nitrogen transfer. IWG and red clover planting timing can affect grain and forage yield, and there has not been previous research on this management practice. At two locations (Arlington and Lancaster, WI, USA) a factorial experiment was established two years with two factors: (1) IWG planting date (August through October, and April) and (2) red clover planting season (in the fall with IWG or frost seeded in the next spring). Yield data were collected for two subsequent years. Grain yield was maximized at 515 kg ha−1 and 423 kg ha−1 at Arlington and Lancaster when planted by 26 August and 13 September, respectively. Planting date influenced grain yields in the first harvest year but not in the second. Seeding red clover in the spring increased IWG and red clover biomass compared to seeding it in the fall. In Wisconsin, planting IWG by early September at the latest and planting red clover in the spring is recommended to maximize grain yield.

scholarly journals Forage yield and nutritive value of Elephant grass, Italian ryegrass and spontaneous growing species mixed with forage peanut or red clover

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 1845-1852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Schalemberg Diehl ◽  
Clair Jorge Olivo ◽  
Carlos Alberto Agnolin ◽  
Ricardo Lima de Azevedo Junior ◽  
Vinícius Felipe Bratz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Grazing Systems

The objective of this research was to evaluate of three grazing systems (GS) with elephant grass (EG), Italian ryegrass (IR) + spontaneous growing species (SGS); EG + IR + SGS + forage peanut (FP); and EG + IR + SGS + red clover (RC), during the winter and summer periods in rotational grazing with dairy cattle. Experimental design was completely randomized with three treatments, two replicates with repeated measures. Lactating Holstein cows receiving 1% BW-daily feed supplement with concentrate were used in the evaluation. Eight grazing cycles were performed during the experimental period. The values of pre forage mass and stocking rate were 2.52, 2.60 and 2.99 t ha-1 and 2.64, 2.77 and 3.14 animal unit ha-1, respectively for GS. Samples of forage were collected by hand-plucking technique to analyze the crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), in situ dry matter digestibility (ISDMD), in situ organic matter digestibility (ISOMD) of forage present between rows of elephant grass, in the rows of elephant grass and the legumes. Higher value of CP, ISOMD and lower of NDF were observed for the grazing systems mixed with legumes forage.

INFLUENCE OF TIME OF SEEDING ON ESTABLISHMENT AND PERSISTENCE OF SPECIES, AND YIELD OF FORAGE MIXTURES

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Langille ◽  
F. S. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Red Clover ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
The Third ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Seed Mixture ◽  
Harvest Year ◽  
Point Quadrat ◽  
Forage Mixtures ◽  
Better Than

Satisfactory results were obtained from seeding forage mixtures at any of four dates at successive 2-week intervals between the end of May and July 15. For each of the four subsequent seeding dates substantial yield reductions occurred. The loss in yield between the fourth and the eighth seeding date averaged 45, 25, and 15% for the first, second, and third harvest years respectively for a seed mixture including timothy, alfalfa, red clover, and alsike. Corresponding yield reductions for a mixture of bromegrass, alfalfa, and ladino clover were 75, 25, and 15%. In each case the loss in the third year amounted to.65 tons of dry matter per acre. Legume establishment and contribution were greatly reduced at the later seeding dates as indicated by inclined point quadrat surveys. Timothy performed somewhat better than did bromegrass at the later planting dates and both responded better than legumes to delayed planting. Weed and bare ground amounts were greater with each successive planting date. By the end of the third harvest year species composition differences attributable to planting date were practically eliminated.

GROWTH OF FOUR GRASS SPECIES AS AFFECTED BY RATE OF NITROGEN APPLICATION AND YEAR OF ESTABLISHMENT ON TWO SOIL TYPES

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 581-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. SIMONS ◽  
A. T. H. GROSS
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Intermediate Wheatgrass ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Harvest Year

In an experiment to investigate the relationship between nitrogen fertilization and forage yield, four grass species, bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), intermediate wheatgrass (Agropyron intermedium (Host) Beauv.), crested wheatgrass (A. cristatum (L.) Gaertn.) and Russian wild ryegrass (Elymus junceus Fisch.), were sown in each of 3 yr on two soil types, a clay loam and a sandy loam. Five N treatments up to 252 kg N∙ha−1∙year−1 were imposed and data were collected for each of the 3 yr following the seeding year on each plot. There was considerable variation in the dry matter yields between seeding years and postseeding years. On the clay loam soil, the first year after seeding was generally the most productive whereas on the sandy loam the second harvest year produced the most. Intermediate wheatgrass was the most productive grass on the clay loam soil, crested wheatgrass on the sandy loam soil. Bromegrass produced well on both types while Russian wild ryegrass was the least productive on both soils. All species responded well to additional N. There was no advantage to split N application. The N content of forage was similar in all four species and on both soil types but was increased by fertilizer N.Key words: Bromegrass, wheatgrass, Russian wild ryegrass, nitrogen, forage yield, establishment year.

Planting Date Influence on Dual-Purpose Winter Wheat Forage Yield, Grain Yield, and Test Weight

2003 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 1179-1188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ishrat Hossain ◽  
Francis M. Epplin ◽  
Eugene G. Krenzer
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Dual Purpose

Grain Yield, Forage Yield, and Nutritive Value of Dual-Purpose Small Grains in the Central High Plains of the USA

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. CM-2012-0154-RS ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Anowarul Islam ◽  
Augustine K. Obour ◽  
Malay C. Saha ◽  
Jerry J. Nachtman ◽  
Wendy K. Cecil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Small Grains ◽  
Central High

AC Kingston red clover

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-150
Author(s):  
T. M. Choo ◽  
B. R. Christie
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Diploid Cultivar ◽  
Harvest Year

AC Kingston red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is a diploid cultivar of the double-cut type developed by mass selection at the Agriculture Canada Research Station, Charlottetown, PEL It is similar to Florex in maturity, but is superior in forage yield in the second harvest year. It was selected for persistence under field conditions. Key words: Red clover, Trifolium pratense L., persistence, cultivar description

scholarly journals Alfalfa Established Successfully in Intercropping with Corn in the Midwest US

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1676
Author(s):  
Marisol T. Berti ◽  
Andrea Cecchin ◽  
Dulan P. Samarappuli ◽  
Swetabh Patel ◽  
Andrew W. Lenssen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Negative Environmental Impact ◽  
Prohexadione Calcium ◽  
Corn Grain ◽  
Corn Grain Yield

Integrating alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) with corn (Zea mays L.) for grain will increase biodiversity, reduce the negative environmental impact of corn monoculture and increase farm profitability. The objectives of this research were to evaluate forage productivity and nutritive value, along with stand establishment of alfalfa in a corn grain system in Iowa, Minnesota, and North Dakota. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replicates at each site. Treatments included were: sole corn (i.e., check; T1), sole alfalfa (T2), alfalfa intercropped into corn (T3), a prohexadione-treated alfalfa intercropped with corn (T4), and a spring-seeded alfalfa in the year after intercropping (T5), which was planted in plots with T1 the previous year. All sites had below normal rainfall in 2016 and 2017. Corn grain yield was significantly lower when intercropped with alfalfa (T3 and T4) compared with the check corn crop (no alfalfa, T1). Corn grain yield reduction ranged from 14.0% to 18.8% compared with the check (T1). Corn biomass yield was reduced by intercropped alfalfa (T3 and T4) by 15.9% to 25.8%. In the seeding year, alfalfa seasonal forage yield was significantly greater when corn competition was absent in all environments. The intercropped alfalfa from the previous season (T3 and T4) had almost double the forage yield than the alfalfa in the seeding year (spring-seeded alfalfa; T5). In the second production year, there were no meaningful forage yield differences (p > 0.05) across all treatments, indicating alfalfa in intercropping systems does not affect forage yield past the first production year. Prohexadione-calcium, a growth regulator, did not affect alfalfa stand density, forage yield and nutritive value. The forage nutritive value was dependent on harvest date not the alfalfa intercropping treatments. Results of our study suggest that establishing alfalfa with corn is feasible and can be a potential alternative for the upper Midwest region. However, when under drought conditions, this system might be less resilient since competition between alfalfa and corn for soil moisture will be intensified under drought or moisture-limited conditions, and this will likely depress corn grain yield. Research targeted to reintroduce perennial crops into the current dominant corn–soybean systems in the US Corn Belt is urgently needed to improve stability and resiliency of production systems.

scholarly journals Performance of grass mixtures with mountain brome (Bromus marginatus Nees ex Steud.) in Central European lowlands

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 101-107
Author(s):  
M. Íka V ◽  
A. Kohoutek ◽  
J. Smrž ◽  
P. Nerušil ◽  
V. Odstrčilová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Pure Stand ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
High Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
Cutting Height

The seeding rate of 2 mil viable seeds of mountain brome cv. Tacit (28.1 kg/ha) is sufficient to establish a productive stand. The seeding amount can be decreased in the mixture with legumes. The growing in pure stand or in a simple mixture, e.g. with alfalfa, is appropriate, because of its low competitiveness. Mixtures with red clover were slightly worse, and mixtures with white clovers, resp. other grasses less suitable. The optimal cutting height of mountain brome to 5–8 cm with regard to forage yield and persistence. Although this grass does not have special demands on site, it does not tolerate long-term dampness and floods. It is mainly used as silage grass with high dry matter production potential, with forage of better-than-average nutritive value, which is kept till the stage of early flowering.

scholarly journals Differences in Yield of Diploid and Tetraploid Red Clover in Lithuania

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 163-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Žilvinas Liatukas ◽  
Jovita Bukauskaitė
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Seed Harvest ◽  
Harvest Year ◽  
Clover Seed

The research was carried out in 2003-2011 at the Institute of Agriculture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry. The fresh forage, dry matter (DM) and seed yields of red clover diploid and tetraploid populations and cultivars were determined. In total 58 diploids and 35 tetraploids were evaluated during four cycles in the study period. The average DM yield of diploids was 16.6 t ha -1 and of tetraploids was 17.8 t ha -1 . The tetraploid average DM yield surpassed that of diploids by only 6.5%. The seed yield was very low over the period. The average seed yield of diploids was 110.4 kg ha -1 . The average seed yield of tetraploids was 94.9 kg ha -1 . The diploid average seed yield was higher than that of tetraploids by 16.3%. The highest negative impact on seed yield was due to wet weather in the seed harvest year, which was favourable for development of diseases on above-ground plant parts. The study showed that tetraploid red clover had no significant advantage over diploid red clover in DM yield under Lithuanian conditions. Variation in seed yield showed that production of diploid red clover seed is less problematic. It seems that only directed disease resistance breeding can improve seed yield as well as forage yield of red clover.

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