Grain Yield, Forage Yield, and Nutritive Value of Dual-Purpose Small Grains in the Central High Plains of the USA

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. CM-2012-0154-RS ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Anowarul Islam ◽  
Augustine K. Obour ◽  
Malay C. Saha ◽  
Jerry J. Nachtman ◽  
Wendy K. Cecil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Small Grains ◽  
Central High

Small Grains Have Forage Production Potential and Nutritive Value in Central High Plains of Wyoming

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Anowarul Islam ◽  
Augustine K. Obour ◽  
Jerry J. Nachtman ◽  
Robert E. Baumgartner ◽  
Malay C. Saha
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Small Grains ◽  
Central High

scholarly journals Response of dual-purpose wheat to nitrogen fertilization and seed inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Pase Quatrin ◽  
Clair Jorge Olivo ◽  
Gabriela Descovi Simonetti ◽  
Vinicius Felipe Bratz ◽  
Guilherme Librelotto de Godoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

ABSTRACT The use of inoculants containing plant growth-promoting bacteria is an alternative to increase the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers. Studies evaluating the effects of inoculation on forage yield, straw yield, and grain yield in dual-purpose wheat cultivars are scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the forage yield and grain yield in dual-purpose wheat inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense and fertilized with increasing nitrogen rates during two agricultural years (2016-2017) under cutting management. The trial was carried out in a completely randomized block design with four replicates, using a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement. The factors were the inoculation (control or A. brasilense) and nitrogen rates (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1 of N). Forage, grain and straw yield, and number of tillers were evaluated. Forage yield differed between treatments with inoculation and without inoculation, 3952 and 3350 kg DM ha-1, respectively. There was no effect of inoculation on grain yield. The forage and leaf biomass yield, the number of tillers and straw yield increased with inoculation.

scholarly journals Optimal Planting Date of Kernza Intermediate Wheatgrass Intercropped with Red Clover

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2227
Author(s):  
Oluwakorede Olugbenle ◽  
Priscila Pinto ◽  
Valentin D. Picasso
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Transfer ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Intermediate Wheatgrass ◽  
Harvest Year

Intermediate wheatgrass (IWG) is a new perennial dual-use crop for grain and forage with growing interest among farmers. Intercropping IWG with red clover may increase yield and nutritive value through nitrogen transfer. IWG and red clover planting timing can affect grain and forage yield, and there has not been previous research on this management practice. At two locations (Arlington and Lancaster, WI, USA) a factorial experiment was established two years with two factors: (1) IWG planting date (August through October, and April) and (2) red clover planting season (in the fall with IWG or frost seeded in the next spring). Yield data were collected for two subsequent years. Grain yield was maximized at 515 kg ha−1 and 423 kg ha−1 at Arlington and Lancaster when planted by 26 August and 13 September, respectively. Planting date influenced grain yields in the first harvest year but not in the second. Seeding red clover in the spring increased IWG and red clover biomass compared to seeding it in the fall. In Wisconsin, planting IWG by early September at the latest and planting red clover in the spring is recommended to maximize grain yield.

Planting Date Influence on Dual-Purpose Winter Wheat Forage Yield, Grain Yield, and Test Weight

2003 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 1179-1188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ishrat Hossain ◽  
Francis M. Epplin ◽  
Eugene G. Krenzer
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Dual Purpose

scholarly journals Fodder biomass, nutritive value, and grain yield of dual‐purpose Pearl Millet, Sorghum and Maize cultivars across different agro‐ecologies in Burkina Faso

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nouhoun ZAMPALIGRE ◽  
Gildas Yoda ◽  
Jethro Delma ◽  
Abroulaye Sanfo ◽  
Mulubrhan Balehegn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Maize Cultivars

Progress in developing perennial wheats for grain and grazing

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip J. Larkin ◽  
Matthew T. Newell ◽  
Richard C. Hayes ◽  
Jesmin Aktar ◽  
Mark R. Norton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Perennial Wheat ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Near Term

Dual-purpose cereals have been important for increasing the flexibility and profitability of mixed farming enterprises in southern Australia, providing winter feed when pasture dry matter production is low, and then recovering to produce grain. A perennial dual-purpose cereal could confer additional economic and environmental benefits. We establish that, at the end of a second growth season, selected perennial cereals were able to achieve up to 10-fold greater below-ground biomass than a resown annual wheat. We review and expand the data on available, diverse, perennial, wheat-derived germplasm, confirming that perenniality is achievable but that further improvements are essential through targeted breeding. Although not yet commercially deployable, the grain yields and dry matter production of the best performing lines approach the benchmarks predicted to achieve profitability. On reviewing the genomic composition of the most promising wheat-derived perennials, we conclude that the best near-term prospect of a productive breeding program for a perennial, wheat-derived cereal will utilise a diploid, perennial donor species, and the most promising one thus far is Thinopyrum elongatum. Furthermore, the breeding should be aimed at complete wheat–Th. elongatum amphiploids, a hybrid synthetic crop analogous to triticale. We advocate the generation of many primary amphiploids involving a diversity of Th. elongatum accessions and a diversity of adapted annual wheat cultivars. Primary perennial amphiploids would be inter-crossed and advanced with heavy, early-generation selection for traits such as semi-dwarf plant height, non-shattering heads, large seed size and good self-fertility, followed by later generation selection for robust perenniality, days to flowering, grain yield, forage yield, stability of grain yield across seasons, and disease resistance.

Effects of a spring-sown brassica crop on lamb performance and on subsequent establishment and grain yield of dual-purpose winter wheat and oat crops

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 815 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. Kelman ◽  
H. Dove
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Brassica Crop ◽  
Yield Responses

We evaluated the integration of a spring forage brassica crop (Brassica campestris cv. Hunter) into a cereal–pasture rotation, as a means of assessing the effects of this practice on the subsequent establishment and grain yield of wheat and oat crops. A brassica crop was grown for lamb production on 0.2 ha plots prepared for dual-purpose cereals, in spring 2003 near Canberra, ACT, Australia. Mackellar winter wheat and Blackbutt oats were sown in the following autumn on the previously sown brassica plots and on plots left fallow over the spring–summer period. A factorial experiment was used to determine the effects of (i) cultivar, (ii) brassica v. fallow, and (iii) grazing on cereal establishment and grain yield. Lamb liveweight gains on brassica over 33 days were rapid (294 g/day) and provided 2141 grazing days/ha and 637 kg lamb weight gain/ha. Average grain yield of Mackellar on plots following brassica (2.8 t/ha) was reduced by 29% compared with plots following fallow. Average grain yield on grazed plots (2.6 t/ha) was reduced by 38% compared with ungrazed plots. In both Mackellar and Blackbutt, reduced numbers of kernels per spike and reduced kernel weight accounted for the reduction in grain yield under grazing. Two other experiments were conducted at a separate site to obtain data on the nutritive value of the cereal forages and to record phenological development of the two cereals and compare grain yield responses to cutting before and after stem elongation stages. In vitro and in vivo measurements of digestibility in the vegetative phase were similar in the two cereals (91–94%). Grain yield was significantly reduced following cutting at the post stem elongation stage in Mackellar and Blackbutt and, in Mackellar, was attributable to reduced kernel number per spike and kernel weight. The overall economic return, combining actual returns from lamb production on the forage brassica, and estimated returns from grazing and grain production, after variable costs of each phase were accounted for, were $1117/ha for Mackellar wheat and $1081/ha for Blackbutt oats. These returns were $583/ha and $910/ha more than the estimated return from the fallow, ungrazed treatments for wheat and oats, respectively.

scholarly journals Alfalfa Established Successfully in Intercropping with Corn in the Midwest US

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1676
Author(s):  
Marisol T. Berti ◽  
Andrea Cecchin ◽  
Dulan P. Samarappuli ◽  
Swetabh Patel ◽  
Andrew W. Lenssen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Negative Environmental Impact ◽  
Prohexadione Calcium ◽  
Corn Grain ◽  
Corn Grain Yield

Integrating alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) with corn (Zea mays L.) for grain will increase biodiversity, reduce the negative environmental impact of corn monoculture and increase farm profitability. The objectives of this research were to evaluate forage productivity and nutritive value, along with stand establishment of alfalfa in a corn grain system in Iowa, Minnesota, and North Dakota. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replicates at each site. Treatments included were: sole corn (i.e., check; T1), sole alfalfa (T2), alfalfa intercropped into corn (T3), a prohexadione-treated alfalfa intercropped with corn (T4), and a spring-seeded alfalfa in the year after intercropping (T5), which was planted in plots with T1 the previous year. All sites had below normal rainfall in 2016 and 2017. Corn grain yield was significantly lower when intercropped with alfalfa (T3 and T4) compared with the check corn crop (no alfalfa, T1). Corn grain yield reduction ranged from 14.0% to 18.8% compared with the check (T1). Corn biomass yield was reduced by intercropped alfalfa (T3 and T4) by 15.9% to 25.8%. In the seeding year, alfalfa seasonal forage yield was significantly greater when corn competition was absent in all environments. The intercropped alfalfa from the previous season (T3 and T4) had almost double the forage yield than the alfalfa in the seeding year (spring-seeded alfalfa; T5). In the second production year, there were no meaningful forage yield differences (p > 0.05) across all treatments, indicating alfalfa in intercropping systems does not affect forage yield past the first production year. Prohexadione-calcium, a growth regulator, did not affect alfalfa stand density, forage yield and nutritive value. The forage nutritive value was dependent on harvest date not the alfalfa intercropping treatments. Results of our study suggest that establishing alfalfa with corn is feasible and can be a potential alternative for the upper Midwest region. However, when under drought conditions, this system might be less resilient since competition between alfalfa and corn for soil moisture will be intensified under drought or moisture-limited conditions, and this will likely depress corn grain yield. Research targeted to reintroduce perennial crops into the current dominant corn–soybean systems in the US Corn Belt is urgently needed to improve stability and resiliency of production systems.

scholarly journals Agronomic and In Vitro Quality Evaluation of Dual-Purpose Cereals Clipped at Variable Ages and Their Utilization in Rabbit Feeding

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1147
Author(s):  
Heba S. A. Salama ◽  
Assem M. Safwat ◽  
Osama H. Elghalid ◽  
Ahmed M. Abd El-Hady
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Plant Age ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Ryegrass Hay

The present study included two experiments; the first one investigated the forage productivity and in vitro quality of a single cut taken at different plant ages (45, 60, and 75 days after sowing—DAS) from four prominent cereal crops, namely, barley, oat, triticale, and ryegrass, grown during two successive winter seasons in Northern Egypt. In addition, the effect of plant age at forage removal on the crop’s regrowth ability and final grain yield was quantified. The second experiment studied the biological in vivo effects of the four crops’ hay cut at the optimum plant age on growth performance, feed utilization, and apparent nutrients’ digestibility of growing rabbits. Despite the progressive increase in the fresh and dry matter yields produced from the four crops with later forage removal and the relatively high quality of the forage removed at 45 DAS, 1st experiment concluded that forage removal at 60 DAS produced a reasonable amount of fresh and dry matter yields with appropriate in vitro quality. Meanwhile, the gain in forage yield, when forage was removed at 60 DAS, was enough to compensate for the consequent reduction in grain yield of the four evaluated crops. The inclusion of variable percentages (0, 10, and 20%) of the four tested crops’ hay, when cut at 60 DAS, in the rabbit’s diet (2nd experiment), resulted in non-significant variations in the rabbit’s final body weight. Meanwhile, regardless of the percentage, the rabbits that were fed on diets including ryegrass hay and barley hay had the highest significant daily weight gain. The best feed conversion ratios were obtained by the rabbits that were fed on diets containing 10 and 20% ryegrass hay as well as 20% triticale hay. The highest dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein digestibility coefficients were obtained by both groups of rabbits that were fed on diets containing 20% ryegrass hay and barley hay. The inclusion of any of the four crops’ hay in the rabbits’ diet resulted in significantly higher digestibility coefficients for all nutrients compared to the control rabbits except for ether extract digestibility. Among the four evaluated crops’ hay, ryegrass hay was found to have an outstanding impact on the productive performance and digestibility of growing rabbits. In growing dual-purpose cereals, it is recommended to cut the crops at 60 DAS to achieve the optimum balance between forage yield and quality on the one hand and final grain yield on the other hand. Moreover, when cut at 60 DAS, the evaluated hay of the four crops was adequate to be included in the rabbits’ diet up to 20% substitution of the commercial fiber sources.

Dry Matter Yield and Nutritive Value of Cowpea and Lablab in the Southern High Plains of the USA

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco E. Contreras-Govea ◽  
Sergio Soto-Navarro ◽  
David Calderon-Mendoza ◽  
Mark A. Marsalis ◽  
Leonard M. Lauriault
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Southern High Plains ◽  
The Usa
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