scholarly journals Energy Efficient Lighting in Plant Factories: Addressing Utilance

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2570
Author(s):  
Jens Balasus ◽  
Janis Blank ◽  
Sebastian Babilon ◽  
Tim Hegemann ◽  
Tran Quoc Khanh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Dynamic Adaptation ◽  
System Efficiency ◽  
Additional Increase ◽  
Crop Size ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Vertical Farming

Vertical farming is considered to play a crucial role in future food supply. Until today, the high amount of electrical energy required for artificial lighting has been problematic in this context. Various possibilities for increasing efficiency through adapted lighting conditions have been and are being investigated. However, comparably little attention is paid to increasing utilance, i.e., the amount of photons that can effectively be used by the plant. In this work, a novel targeted lighting strategy is therefore proposed that allows for a dynamic adaptation of the luminaires’ light distribution to match the effective crop size at each stage of plant growth in a fully-automated manner. It is shown that the resulting utilance can significantly be increased compared to standard full-coverage lighting. Moreover, it is found that the proposed strategy is likely to consume less than half of the electrical energy usually required for the latter. An additional increase in system efficiency can be prognosticated and the potential energy savings are estimated based on assumptions of future LED generations derived from literature.

scholarly journals Energy Savings through Integration of the Illumination Natural and Artificial, Using a System of Automatic Dimming: Case Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 372 ◽  
pp. 253-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Milone ◽  
Salvatore Pitruzzella ◽  
Vincenzo Franzitta ◽  
Alessia Viola ◽  
Marco Trapanese
Keyword(s):  
Energy Savings ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Lecture Hall ◽  
Lighting System ◽  
International Scientific Community ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Glazed Surface ◽  
Surface Covering

The reduction of electrical energy consumption in buildings is a subject of great interest in the international scientific community. In buildings with a lot of available natural light, designed with large glazed surfaces, the artificial lighting system is often oversized and cannot be divided into segments to meet lighting demands during daylight hours.This article presents an experimental study, conducted in a university lecture hall that has a glazed surface covering the whole wall at one end, which provides a level of internal illumination that is only sufficient for the area next to the window itself, even when the outside lighting conditions are very bright. It is therefore necessary to turn on the artificial lighting system.The mathematical approach used in this paper has been successfully applied by the authors in other fields of science [1-2].Using an automatic dimmer system, the calibration of which is based on experimental measurements, the lighting is arranged in such a way as to illuminate the most disadvantaged areas of the room, and then to extend itself gradually to the whole of the room, over the period of time that the lecture hall is in use.

scholarly journals A review on sensing-based strategies of interior lighting control system and their performance in commercial buildings

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khairul Rijal Wagiman ◽  
Mohd Noor Abdullah ◽  
Mohammad Yusri Hassan ◽  
Nur Hanis Mohammad Radzi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Savings ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Commercial Buildings ◽  
Current Sensing ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Lighting Control ◽  
Lighting Energy ◽  
Building Characteristics

<p>Artificial lighting consumed significant amount of electrical energy in commercial buildings. Therefore, intelligent control strategies are widely implemented to reduce the lighting energy consumption. This paper presents comprehensive review of the current sensing-based strategies (i.e. occupancy, daylight and mixed), sensors placement methods (i.e. occupancy and light) and factors affecting the performance of the lighting control strategies. Based on literature survey, the sensors placement methods can be categorized into three approaches: fixed, mathematical equation and optimization. The state-of-the-art of these approaches are discusses in details. It found that, the optimization-based approach capable to find the optimal sensor placement (numbers and positions) effectively. Moreover, the mixed strategy can be produced the highest energy savings up to 95% compared with other strategies. The occupancy pattern and building characteristics are the main factors to contribute higher energy savings of sensing-based strategies in commercial buildings.  </p>

scholarly journals Are automated daylight control systems working as they should?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
James Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
Occupant Satisfaction

<p>Lighting in office buildings can account for approximately 30% of electrical use. This provides an opportunity for energy efficient technologies to be implemented to reduce this load. Automated daylight control systems are part of a growing industry, based on complex electronics and careful placing of light sensors. In an economy that is accepting the need for energy reduction due to the realisation of limited fossil fuels, it is important to maintain and enhance energy efficient systems.  Research highlighted that previous studies would either use a physical measuring approach or an occupant survey to understand how well automated daylight control systems are working, but never both. This thesis combined both of these approaches to quantify how much energy automated daylight control systems are saving while ensuring that occupant satisfaction and comfort is maintained. Four office buildings within Wellington city were therefore analysed to investigate the average energy saving from automated daylight control systems. Energy savings reported from other research studies ranged from 15% to 80%, with an average of 49%. The savings from the four buildings researched in this thesis average 20% savings. The surveys further indicated that all occupants within each of the buildings were satisfied with both natural and artificial lighting in their working environment. Glare was however highlighted as an issue.</p>

Development and scaled-up simulation of an automated electrical energy management system for passageway illumination

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oyinlolu Ayomidotun Odetoye ◽  
Akindele Segun Afolabi ◽  
Olubunmi Adewale Akinola
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Management System ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Management System ◽  
Energy Optimisation ◽  
The Universe

AbstractBuildings account for much of the world’s energy consumption; thus, it is important to develop ways, not just to harness more of the energy in the universe, but also to make system of devices in buildings more energy-efficient. Occupancy-based illumination is an emerging trend in energy management, but research in this field has mostly been focused on illumination of rooms and workspaces in building interiors. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there is virtually no literature on the energy optimisation of depersonalised spaces such as passageways. This paper explores the development and evaluation of a controller-based model for illumination of passageways in buildings, where relatively-large number of depersonalized luminaires are usually found and automation might prove especially beneficial. After development, testing and scaled-up simulations, results show that occupancy-based illumination of exterior corridors and semi-covered passages in buildings is feasible, economical, has significant energy savings, and is worthy of consideration for modern buildings.

scholarly journals Are automated daylight control systems working as they should?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
James Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
Occupant Satisfaction

<p>Lighting in office buildings can account for approximately 30% of electrical use. This provides an opportunity for energy efficient technologies to be implemented to reduce this load. Automated daylight control systems are part of a growing industry, based on complex electronics and careful placing of light sensors. In an economy that is accepting the need for energy reduction due to the realisation of limited fossil fuels, it is important to maintain and enhance energy efficient systems.  Research highlighted that previous studies would either use a physical measuring approach or an occupant survey to understand how well automated daylight control systems are working, but never both. This thesis combined both of these approaches to quantify how much energy automated daylight control systems are saving while ensuring that occupant satisfaction and comfort is maintained. Four office buildings within Wellington city were therefore analysed to investigate the average energy saving from automated daylight control systems. Energy savings reported from other research studies ranged from 15% to 80%, with an average of 49%. The savings from the four buildings researched in this thesis average 20% savings. The surveys further indicated that all occupants within each of the buildings were satisfied with both natural and artificial lighting in their working environment. Glare was however highlighted as an issue.</p>

Energy Savings From System Efficiency Improvements in Iowa's HVAC SAVE Program

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Yee ◽  
J. Baker ◽  
L. Brand ◽  
J. Wells
Keyword(s):  
Energy Savings ◽  
System Efficiency

Errors of In Situ Illuminance Measurements

2016 ◽  
Vol 824 ◽  
pp. 676-683
Author(s):  
Michaela Hlásková ◽  
Lenka Gábrová ◽  
František Vajkay
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Lighting Design ◽  
Public Health Authority ◽  
Construction Work ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Overcast Sky

Lighting conditions in buildings are verified by experts on a daily basis. Such verifications may be done at several phases in various ways. In the field of daylighting, it is common to make an assessment within the pre-design and in-design phases of a construction work throughout calculations, only rarely by measurements. This approach is the opposite of artificial lighting design, which is done within the in-design phase by calculations and is verified by measurements in post-realization phase. The verification of artificial lighting design is required by the building and public health authority otherwise buildings cannot be approved to use. In the field of daylighting, measurements could be performed as well, nevertheless those are often problematic because regulations usually require fulfilments of the daylight factor which can be determined only under CIE overcast sky. Howbeit, both artificial lighting and daylighting measurements are influenced by many errors, e.g. errors of light measurement instruments, measurement conditions, measurement methods and human factor. The paper is focused on this aspect of lighting design, more specifically on the daylighting measurement errors.

Improving Sustainability of Housing in Ghana through Energy Efficient Climate Control Strategies

2012 ◽  
Vol 608-609 ◽  
pp. 1698-1704
Author(s):  
Abdul Manan Dauda ◽  
Hui Gao
Keyword(s):  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Internal Heat ◽  
Climate Control ◽  
Housing Design ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Mass Housing ◽  
Design Changes

This paper aims at explaining testing procedures used to evaluate the potential of natural ventilation and daylighting applications to passive design of housing in Ghana. The objectives of research were to reduce energy costs and increase the sustainability of housing. From the results of these experiments actual and potential designs are illustrated and discussed. Mass housing results in multi-storey buildings which require substantial artificial lighting and ventilation. Also, with the increasing usage of glass for windows and doors in Ghana, even the shaded depths of buildings require additional daylight usually resulting in more energy consumption. By supplementing the internal lighting levels with daylight, reducing the internal heat load by shading windows to direct radiation and the utilization of natural ventilation over air conditioning where possible, significant energy savings are could be achieved. The research proposes mass housing design changes such as: delivering daylight above the suspended ceiling into the depths of the building by horizontal light pipes and natural ventilation, utilizing stack effect and wind siphonage, etc.

scholarly journals AUDIT ENERGI PADA SEBUAH HOTEL

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Didik Ariwibowo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Electrical Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Audit ◽  
Electric Energy Consumption ◽  
Pumping System

Didik Ariwibowo, in this paper explain that energy audit activities conducted through several phases, namely: the initial audit, detailed audit, analysis of energy savings opportunities, and the proposed energy savings. Total energy consumed consists of electrical energy, fuel, and materials in this case is water. Electrical energy consumption data obtained from payment of electricity accounts for a year while consumption of fuel and water obtained from the payment of material procurement. From the calculation data, IKE hotels accounted for 420.867 kWh/m2.tahun, while the IKE standards for the hotel is 300 kWh/m2.tahun. Thus, IKE hotel included categorized wasteful in energy usage. The largest energy consumption on electric energy consumption. Largest electric energy consumption is on the air conditioning (AC-air conditioning) that is equal to 71.3%, and lighting and electrical equipment at 27.28%, and hot water supply system by 4.44%. Electrical energy consumption in AC looks very big. Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources of the statutes, the profile of energy use by air conditioning at the hotel by 48.5%. With these considerations in the AC target for audit detail as the next phase of activity. The results of a detailed audit analysis to find an air conditioning system energy savings opportunities in pumping systems. Recommendations on these savings is the integration of automation on the pumping system and fan coil units (FCU). The principle of energy conservation in the pumping system is by installing variable speed drives (VSD) pump drive motor to adjust speed according to load on the FCU. Load variations FCU provide input on the VSD pumps to match. Adaptation is predicted pump can save electricity consumption up to 65.7%. Keywords: energy audit, IKE, AC

Synchronreluktanz-Motorspindeln in Werkzeugmaschinen*/Synchronous reluctance motor spindles in machine tools – Energy-efficient drives increase accuracy and reduce cooling requirements of machining centers

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (01-02) ◽  
pp. 72-80
Author(s):  
M. Weber ◽  
M. Helfert ◽  
F. Unterderweide ◽  
E. Abele ◽  
M. Weigold
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Management ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Machine Tools ◽  
Production Management ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Synchronous Reluctance Motor ◽  
Management Technology ◽  
Reluctance Motor

Im Rahmen des vom Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie (BMWi) geförderten Projekts „ETA-Fabrik“ am Institut für Produktionsmanagement, Technologie und Werkzeugmaschinen (PTW) der Technischen Universität Darmstadt konnte die Energieeffizienz von Motorspindeln als Hauptenergieverbraucher von Werkzeugmaschinen durch Einsatz der Synchronreluktanztechnologie gesteigert werden. In der Konsequenz ergeben sich weitere Energieeinsparpotenziale und produktionstechnische Vorteile durch eine gesamtenergetische Betrachtung der Werkzeugmaschine mit Kühlsystem und intelligentem Spindelthermomanagement. &nbsp; As part of the ‘ETA-Fabrik’ project funded by the BMWi, the Institute of Production Management, Technology and Machine Tools (PTW) of the TU Darmstadt has used synchronous reluctance drives to increase the energy efficiency of motor spindles as main energy consumers of machine tools. Subsequently, new opportunities for energy savings and advantages for the manufacturing process arise by taking a holistic view on machine tools including the cooling system, proposing an intelligent spindle thermal management.

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