scholarly journals PGR and Its Application Method Affect Number and Length of Runners Produced in ‘Maehyang’ and ‘Sulhyang’ Strawberries

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Liu ◽  
Ziwei Guo ◽  
Yoo Park ◽  
Hao Wei ◽  
Byoung Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Fragaria Ananassa ◽  
Health States ◽  
Chlormequat Chloride ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Effective Combination ◽  
Mother Plants ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
To Receive

Vegetative propagation using runner plants is an important method to expand the cultivation area for the strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.). However, excessively long runners need an increased total amount of nutrients and energy to receive elongation from mother plants, which may lead to poor growth or reduced output. The use of plant growth regulators (PGRs) is an adoptable way to solve such problems. The objectives of this experiment were to study the effects of PGRs and their application methods on the growth and development of runners, runner plants, and mother plants, and also to find effective ways to control the number and length of runners without harmful side effects. Chlormequat chloride (CCC), 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), and ethephon (ETH) at a concentration of 100 mg·L−1 were applied via three different methods: injection into crowns, medium drench, and foliar spray. The results showed that BA injection into crowns was the most effective combination among all treatments, which prominently shortened the length of runners and increased the number of runners and leaves on a single plant. Furthermore, plants with BA solution injection tended to produce stronger runners with higher fresh and dry weights, without affecting the health states of mother plants. The ETH solution seemed to have toxic effects on plants, by leading many dead leaves and weak runners, and increased activities of antioxidant enzymes. Other than the injection method, the other two application methods of the CCC solution did not significantly affect the growth and development of both cultivars. Runner plants grown for 30 days were not affected by any treatments, and they were in similar conditions. Overall, BA injection into crowns is recommended for controlling the number and length of strawberry runners.

scholarly journals Prohexadione-Calcium Application during Vegetative Growth Affects Growth of Mother Plants, Runners, and Runner Plants of Maehyang Strawberry

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyeon Kim ◽  
Hye Lee ◽  
Jae Kang ◽  
Seung Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Fragaria Ananassa ◽  
Horticultural Crop ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mother Plants ◽  
Prohexadione Calcium ◽  
Optimum Application ◽  
Spray Treatment

Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) is an important horticultural crop that is vegetatively propagated using runner plants. To achieve massive production of runner plants, it is important to transfer the assimilation products of the mother plant to the runner plants, and not to the runner itself. Application of prohexadione–calcium (Pro–Ca), a plant growth retardant with few side effects, to strawberry is effective in inhibiting transport of assimilates to runners. This study aimed to determine the optimum application method and concentration of Pro–Ca on the growth characteristics of mother plants, runners, and runner plants for the propagation of strawberry in nurseries. Pro–Ca was applied at the rate of 0, 50, 100, 150, or 200 mg·L−1 (35 mL per plant) to plants via foliar spray or drenching under greenhouse conditions at 30 days after transplantation. Petiole lengths of mother plants were measured 15 weeks after treatment; growth was suppressed at the higher concentrations of Pro–Ca regardless of the application method. However, the crown diameter was not significantly affected by the application method or Pro–Ca concentration. The number of runners was 7.0 to 8.2, with no significant difference across treatments. Runner length was shorter at higher concentrations of Pro–Ca, especially in the 200 mg·L−1 drench treatment. However, fresh weight (FW) and dry weights (DW) of runners in the 50 mg·L−1 Pro–Ca drench treatments were higher than controls. Foliar spray and drench treatments were more effective for runner plant production than the control; a greater number of runner plants were produced with the 100 and 150 mg·L−1 Pro–Ca foliar spray treatment and the 50 and 100 mg·L−1 drench treatment. The FW and DW of the first runner plant was not significantly different in all treatments, but DW of the second runner plant, and FW and DW of the third runner plant were greatest in the 50 mg·L−1 Pro–Ca drench treatment. These results suggested that growth and production of runner plants of Maehyang strawberry were greatest under the 50 mg·L−1 Pro–Ca drench treatment.

PENERAPAN NILAI-NILAI MORAL PADA SANTRI TPQ AL-KHUMAIER PEKANBARU

Generasi Emas ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Ida Windi Wahyuni
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Moral Education ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Global Era ◽  
Good And Evil ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Control Tool

Moral planting to children from an early age is very important considering that in the era of an increasingly global era, moral education as the basis of self-discipline to be an internal control tool in behaving consistently in religion. A child is naturally created in a state ready to receive good and evil. The habituation of religious and moral values ​​for early childhood is very important to apply as early as possible to the most basic foundation in the process of growth and development of children. The objectives of this research are (1) To describe TPQ Al-Khumaier program, (2) To describe the application of moral values ​​to students by TPQ Al-Khumaier teacher (3) To know the obstacles in applying moral values ​​to the students of TPQ Al-Khumaier and looking for a solution. The results of this study indicate that the program TPQ Al-Khumaier has been implemented according to the program prepared by the school in collaboration with Kemenag Pekanbaru. The application of santri moral values ​​has been practiced in the activities and the process of habituation and modeling of the teachers. The obstacles are the duration of the meeting, social outside TPQ, including social media at home and in the neighborhood where students live.

Effect of in-season application methods of fertilizer nitrogen on grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency in maize

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Ma ◽  
M. Li ◽  
L. M. Dwyer ◽  
G. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
N Application ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Application Methods

Little information is available comparing agronomic performance and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) for N application methods such as foliar spray, soil application, and ear injection in maize (Zea mays L.). The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of various N application methods on total stover dry matter, grain yield, and NUE of maize hybrids using a 15N-labeling approach. A field experiment was conducted on a Dalhousie clay loam in Ottawa and a Guelph loam in Guelph for 2 yr (1999 and 2000). Three N application methods were tested on two maize hybrids, Pioneer 3893 and Pioneer 38P06 Bt. At planting, 60 kg N ha-1 as ammonium nitrate was applied to all treatments. In addition, 6.5 kg N ha-1 and 13.5 kg N ha-1 as 15N-labeled urea were applied to either foliage (Treatment I) or soil (Treatment II) at V6 and V12 stages, respectively. In Treatment III, 20 kg N ha-1 as 15N-labeled urea was injected into space between ear and husks at silking. The results showed that compared with soil N application neither foliar spray nor injection through ear affected grain yield or stover dry matter. The NUE values ranged from 12 to 76% for N fertilizer applied at V6 a nd V12 stages, or at silking for all treatments. There was no interaction of hybrid × N application methods on any variables measured with the only exception that for soil N application, grain NUE in Pioneer 38P06 Bt was significant higher than in Pioneer 3893. The difference in total N and NUE of grain and stover between soil N application and foliar N spray was inconsistent. However, NUE was substantially higher for N injection through the ear than for foliar or soil application without differential responses between the two hybrids. Nitrogen injection through the ear at silking might have altered N redistribution within the plant and improved NUE. Hence, it can potentially enhance grain protein content. Foliar N spray is not advocated for maize production in Ontario. Key words: Maize, Zea mays, nitrogen application methods, nitrogen-15, yield, nitrogen use efficiency

scholarly journals Nano Zinc-Oxide Enhanced Photosynthetic Apparatus and Photosystem Efficiency of Maize (Zea Mays L.) in Sandy-Acidic Soils

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiqar Ahmad ◽  
Jaya Nepal ◽  
Xiaoping Xin ◽  
Zhenli He
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Nano Zno ◽  
Chlorophyll Pigments ◽  
Spad Value ◽  
Application Methods

Abstract Conventional Zinc (Zn) fertilization (e.g., zinc sulfate) often leads to poor availability in soils. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano ZnO) can be a potential solution, but their effect on crop photosynthetic activity isn’t well documented. The effects of nano ZnO (50, 100, 150, 200 mg L-1) and application methods (seed-coating, soil-drench, and foliar-spray) in comparison with ZnSO4 recommended dose were evaluated for plant height, biomass, chlorophyll pigments and photosystem efficiency in a greenhouse pot experiment. 100 mg L-1 of nano ZnO significantly increased the chlorophyll (Chl.) a, b, a+b, carotenoids (x+c), a+b/x+c, SPAD, leaf Chl., total chlorophyll content plant-1, plant height and total biological yield (by 18-30%, 33-67%, 22-38%, 14-21%, 14-27%, 12-19%, 12-23% 58-99%, 6-11% and 16-20%, respectively) and reduced Chl. a/b (by 6-22%) over the other treatments (p<0.01) irrespective of application methods. Nano ZnO applied at 100 mg L-1 significantly increased photochemical quenching (qP) and efficiency of photosystem II (EPSII) compared to 150 and 200 mg L-1 regardless of application methods. The positive correlations between Chl. a and Chl. b (r2 0.90), Chl. a+b and x+c (r2=0.71), SPAD and Chl. a (r2=0.90), SPAD and Chl. b (r2=0.94) and SPAD and Chl. a+b (r2=0.93) indicates a uniform enhancement in chlorophyll pigments; SPAD value, qP, EPSII, and growth and yield parameters. This elucidates that the application of nano ZnO at 100 mg L-1 promotes corn biochemical health and photosynthesis, irrespective of the application method. These findings have a great propounding for improving plant growth through nano ZnO bio-fortification in acidic Spodosols.

Evaluation of low temperature hardiness of strawberry plants under field and controlled conditions

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 1123-1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Turner ◽  
K. K. Tanino ◽  
C. Stushnoff
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Mother Plant ◽  
Fragaria Ananassa ◽  
Plant Survival ◽  
Field Growth ◽  
Mother Plants

When acclimated strawberry plants (Fragaria × ananassa Duch. ’Redcoat’) from the field were placed in a programmable freezer, mother strawberry crowns were as hardy or hardier than daughter crowns when frozen to −11 °C. However, under field conditions, daughter plants expressed consistently greater hardiness than mother plants. Mulching had no effect on daughter plant survival, whereas enhanced mother plant survival was observed. Field-growth habit of mother crowns may be the important factor for consistent winter survival under prairie conditions. A simple scoring system was developed to predict survival of strawberry plants. Key words. Fragaria × ananassa Duch., strawberry, crowns, low temperature hardiness

scholarly journals Pink Polka-Dot Plant (Hypoestes phyllostachya) Response to Growth Retardants

1992 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-90
Author(s):  
James T. Foley ◽  
Gary J. Keever
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Growth Retardants ◽  
Chlormequat Chloride ◽  
Spray Applications

Abstract Pink polka-dot plant, Hypoestes phyllostachya Bak., was treated with one or two foliar spray applications of Bonzi (paclobutrazol) (25, 50, or 100 ppm), Cycocel (chlormequat chloride) (3500 ppm) or B-Nine (daminozide) (3500 ppm) to suppress shoot elongation. One or two applications of 3500 ppm Cycocel (chlormequat chloride) retarded shoot elongation, resulting in consistently mounded plants. Bonzi (paclobutrazol) and B-Nine (daminozide) also suppressed shoot elongation but to a lesser degree, and plants were not uniform.

scholarly journals Painted Containers: A New Method for Paclobutrazol Application

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 655e-655
Author(s):  
Claudio C. Pasian ◽  
Daniel K. Struve
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
New Method ◽  
Latex Paint ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Soil Drench ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
Effect On Growth

The effectiveness of two application methods of the growth regulator paclobutrazol on the growth of Chrysanthemum plants, Dendranthema ×grandiflora (Ramat) (cv. `Fina' and `Cream Dana') were compared. Plants were grown in containers with their interior covered by a mixture of flat latex paint and several concentrations of paclobutrazol (0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 100, 150, 160, and 200 mg·L–1) or were treated with a soil drench of the growth regulator according to label recommendations (59 ml/container of paclobutrazol solution at 4 mg·L–1). Plants grown in containers with the paint–paclobutrazol mix at concentrations >80 mg·L–1 were shorter than plants given the control and paint only treatments but taller than plants given the drench treatment. Increasing paclobutrazol concentrations in paint from 100 to 150 and 200 mg·L–1 did not produce proportionately shorter plants. Paint alone had no effect on growth and development. Plants subject to growth regulator treatments appeared greener than the control plants. None of the plants given treatments with paint with or without paclobutrazol showed any sign of phytotoxicity. These results suggest the possibility of a new application method for systemic chemicals with the potential of reducing or eliminating worker protection standard restricted entry intervals and reducing the release of chemicals to the environment. Chemical name used: beta-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-α-(1,1-dimethyl)-1H-1,2,4,-triazole-1-ethanol (paclobutrazol).

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