scholarly journals Impact of Increasing Maize Densities on Agronomic Performances and the Community Stability of Productivity of Maize/Peanut Intercropping Systems

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyong Xia ◽  
Lan Wang ◽  
Yanfang Xue ◽  
Weilin Kong ◽  
Yanhui Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Community Stability ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Biomass Yields ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Positive Correlations

Rational crop community structure plays an important role in maximizing the intercropping yield advantage. Effects of increasing maize densities in maize (Zea mays L.)/peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) intercropping on yields and other agronomic traits, and the community stability of productivity were conducted across three different experimental sites. There were significant and positive correlations between maize densities and both maize grain/biomass yields and corresponding partial land equivalent ratios (LERs) across all three locations; but grain/biomass yields and partial LERs of peanut were all negatively correlated with maize densities in each or across all locations. LERs of grain yields averaged over three locations ranged from 0.89 to 0.98, while LERs of biomass yields ranged from 0.94 to 1.09 (>1.0 except for the maize inter-plant distance of 27 cm), indicating the intercropping advantage on biomass yields but not grain yields. Peanut had significantly lower kernel harvest indexes than those in monoculture. Excessive narrowing maize inter-plant distances reduced the community stability of productivity severely (especially for maize and total LERs) and are more likely to lead to abnormal maize and peanut plants. Therefore, a rational increase of maize densities in intercropping is suggested to keep the balance between maize and peanut and the comprehensive yield advantage.

scholarly journals Effect of Intercropping Dates of Lablab (Lablab purpureus L.) with Maize (Zea mays L.) on Forage and Maize Grain Yields

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Meseret Redae ◽  
Desta Tekle
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Maize Grain Yield ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Maize Grain

This study was conducted to evaluate effect of intercropping dates of lablab (Lablab purpureus L.) with maize (Zea mays L.) on forage and maize grain yields. It was carried out at Gereb Giba in Tanqua Abergelle district, Tigray, Ethiopia. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four treatments and four replications were used. The treatments were sole maize sown (T1) and lablab sown at 10, 20 and 30 days after emergence of maize for T2, T3 and T4 respectively. Intercropping did not affect height and days for 50% flowering of lablab. Similarly, it was not affected height and days for physiological maturity of maize. Lablab forage yield was significantly greater (p<0.01) in T2 and T3 than T4. Maize Stover dry matter (DM) yield was similar among treatments while total forage DM yield was significantly higher (p<0.0001) in T2, T3 and T4 than T1. Moreover, among the intercrops, total forage yield was significantly highest (p<0.0001) for T2 compared to T4 but similar in T2 and T3. Maize grain yield was significantly superior (P<0.0001) in T2 and T3 compared to T1 and T4. Though, T2 and T3 had similarity in all parameters measured, T2 provided higher forage and maize grain yields than T1 and T4. Therefore, lablab intercropping at 10 days after emergence of maize is appropriate in Tanqua Abergelle district and other areas with similar agro ecologies.

scholarly journals Évaluation de la qualité de composts à base de biomasses feuillées de deux espèces agroforestières à Cassou, Centre-Ouest, Burkina Faso

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 3297-3307
Author(s):  
Soungalo Soulama ◽  
Wendbénédo Bruno Kabore ◽  
Dasmané Bambara ◽  
Michel Bembamba ◽  
Edmond Hien
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Albizia Lebbeck ◽  
Adansonia Digitata ◽  
Sclerocarya Birrea ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Leafy Biomass

Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. and Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth ex Walp. are species of the leguminosae group which are promoted in agroforestry. This study aimed at assessing the quality of leafy biomass composts of these two species in order to use them as green manure. For this, composts based on leafy biomasses of Albizia lebbeck and Gliricidia sepium have been characterized. The phytotoxicity tests of the composts was carried out using a germination test of Zea mays (L) and Arachis hypogaea (L). The effect of composts on the growth of Adansonia digitata L. and Sclerocarya birrea (A.Rich.) Hochst. subsp. Also evaluated. Comparison of means tests and repeated measures ANOVA were used to compare types of composts. The results show that these composts were not toxic. The average carbon, nitrogen, pHe and C / N ratios of the composts of Albizia lebbeck and Gliricidia sepium were in accordance with international standards. The effect of Gliricidia sepium compost on the growth of Adansonia digitata and Sclerocarya birrea was better than that of Albizia lebbeck and cow dung (P <0.05). The compost from the leafy biomass of Gliricidia sepium is of very good quality while that of Albizia lebbeck is of fairly good quality. The biomasses of these two species therefore constitute good material for composting. These results can be used to improve crop production in agroforestry. Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. et Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth ex Walp. sont des espèces de légumineuses promues dans l’agroforesterie. Cette étude visait à évaluer la qualité des composts de biomasses feuillées de ces deux espèces afin de les utiliser comme engrais verts. Pour cela des composts à base de biomasses feuillées de Albizia lebbeck, de Gliricidia sepium ont été caractérisés. La phyto-toxicité des composts a été évaluée à l’aide d’un test de germination de Zea mays (L) et Arachis hypogaea (L). L’effet des composts sur la croissance de Adansonia digitata L. et Sclerocarya birrea (A.Rich.) Hochst.subsp. a également été évalué. Des tests de comparaisons de moyennes et une ANOVA à mesures répétées ont permis de comparer les types de composts. Les résultats montrent que les composts évalués n’étaient pas toxiques. Les teneurs moyennes en carbone, en azote, les pHe et les rapports C/N des composts de Albizia lebbeck et de Gliricidia sepium étaient conformes aux normes internationales. L’effet du compost de biomasse de Gliricidia sepium sur la croissance de Adansonia digitata et de Sclerocarya birrea était mieux que celui de Albizia lebbeck et la bouse de vache (P< 0,05). Le compost de biomasses feuillées de Gliricidia sepium est de très bonne qualité tandis que celui de Albizia lebbeck est d’assez bonne qualité. Les biomasses de ces deux légumineuses constituent donc un bon matériel pour le compostage. Ces résultats peuvent servir à améliorer la production végétale en agroforesterie.

Construction of genetic linkage map and identification of QTLs related to agronomic traits in DH population of maize (Zea mays L.) using SSR markers

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 667-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Keun Choi ◽  
Kyu Jin Sa ◽  
Dae Hyun Park ◽  
Su Eun Lim ◽  
Si-Hwan Ryu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Linkage Map ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Genetic Linkage ◽  
Genetic Linkage Map ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Dh Population

Peanut Control in Rotational Crops

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan C. York ◽  
David L. Jordan ◽  
John W. Wilcut
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Total Rate ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum L ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Monosodium Salt ◽  
Methylarsonic Acid ◽  
Methoxybenzoic Acid

Abstract Volunteer peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) can reduce the effectiveness of crop rotation as a component in a peanut disease management program. Experiments were conducted in three states to evaluate peanut control with glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] or with herbicides commonly applied postemergence for broadleaf weed control in corn (Zea mays L.) and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Two sequential applications were needed for acceptable control with corn and cotton herbicides. Greater than 80% control of peanut was achieved with dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid) applied early postemergence (EPOST) followed by dicamba or ametryn [N-ethyl-N′-(l-methylethyl)-6-(methylthio)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine] applied late postemergence (LPOST). MSMA (monosodium salt of methylarsonic acid) applied EPOST followed by oxyfluorfen [2-chloro-1-(3-ethoxy-4-nitrophenoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene] + MSMA LPOST and fluometuron [N,N-dimethyl-N′-[3-trifluoromethyl) phenyl]urea] + MSMA applied EPOST followed by prometryn [N,N′-bis(1-methylethyl)-6-(methylthio)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine] + MSMA, cyanazine [2-[[4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]-2-methylpropanenitrile] + MSMA, lactofen {(±)-2-ethoxy-1-methyl-2-oxoethyl 5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]- 2-nitrobenzoate} + MSMA, or oxyfluorfen + MSMA LPOST controlled peanut at least 80%. Single applications of glyphosate at 0.84 to 1.12 kg ae/ha controlled peanut at least 80% and were at least as efficacious as the same total rate of glyphosate applied sequentially.

Comparison of teosinte (Zea mexicana L.) and inter-subspecific hybrids (Zea mays L.×Zea mexicana) for high forage yield under two sowing regimes

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imtiaz Akram Khan Niazi ◽  
Saeed Rauf ◽  
Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva ◽  
Hassan Munir
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Percentage Survival ◽  
Biomass Plant

This study was undertaken to evaluate the response of teosinte (Zea mexicana L.) and intersubspecific hybrids to heat stress, in particular productivity. Unlike maize (Zea mays L.), teosinte demonstrated thermophilic properties, namely lower heat injury, sustained chlorophyll content under heat stress (36−45°C) and high percentage survival of seedlings (at 55°C). Teosinte also had the ability to produce large plant biomass (27% and 55% higher yield than maize under non-stressed and stress conditions, respectively) and therefore could be exploited as a forage crop. However, teosinte forage had low animal intake (1.48 kg day–1) because of high pubescence density (10.38 view–1) and low sweetness (9.90°Brix). There was a high percentage of heterosis in variable intersubspecific crosses and traits, and a high magnitude of over-dominance for many traits, for example 5.93–7.06 for total biomass plant–1. Hybrids showed additional advantages, including high oil (20% and 4%) and protein (14% and 25%) contents compared with teosinte under non-stressed and stress conditions, respectively. Moreover, inter-subspecific hybrids were also resistant to heat stress, with the capacity for sustaining growth for a longer period (20% and 33% higher than maize under non-stressed and stress conditions, respectively). Genetic distance between parents—calculated from stable agronomic traits—could be used to select parents for high heterosis under both heat stress and non-stressed conditions.

scholarly journals Association analysis of genes involved in maize (Zea mays L.) root development with seedling and agronomic traits under contrasting nitrogen levels

2015 ◽  
Vol 88 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 133-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel H. Abdel-Ghani ◽  
Bharath Kumar ◽  
Jordon Pace ◽  
Constantin Jansen ◽  
Pedro J. Gonzalez-Portilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Association Analysis ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Nitrogen Levels
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