scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Microstructural Morphology of Spines and Tests of Three Common Sea Urchins Species of the Sublittoral Zone of the Mediterranean Sea

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1351
Author(s):  
Anastasios Varkoulis ◽  
Konstantinos Voulgaris ◽  
Stefanos Zaoutsos ◽  
Antonios Stratakis ◽  
Dimitrios Vafidis
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Temporal Differences ◽  
Sublittoral Zone ◽  
Microstructural Morphology ◽  
The Mediterranean

In the Mediterranean Sea, the species Arbacia lixula, Paracentrotus lividus and Sphaerechinus granularis often coexist, occupying different subareas of the same habitat. The mechanical and chemical properties of their calcitic skeletons are affected both by their microstructural morphology and chemical composition. The present study describes the main morphologic features and the possible temporal differences in elemental composition of the test and spines of the three species, while also determining the molar ratio of each element of their crystalline phase. Scanning electron microscopy showed major differences in the ultrastructure of the spines, while minor differences in the test were also noticed. More specifically, the spines of all three sea urchins possess wedges, however A. lixula exhibits bridges connecting each wedge, while barbs are observed in the wedges of S. granularis. The spines of P. lividus are devoid of both microstructures. Secondary tubercles are absent in the test of A. lixula, while the tests and spines of all three species are characterized by different superficial stereom. Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy detected that Ca, Mg, S, Na and Cl were present in all specimen. Mg and Mg/Ca showed significant differences between species both in test and spines with S. granularis having the highest concentration. The spines of P. lividus exhibited lowest values between all species. Differences between spines and test were observed in all elements for P. lividus except S. A. lixula exhibited different concentrations between test and spines for Ca, Mg and Mg/Ca, whereas S. granularis for Mg, Cl and Mg/Ca. Finally, temporal differences for Ca were observed in the test of P. lividus and the spines of S. granularis, for Mg in test of S. granularis, for S in the spines of A. lixula and the test and spine of S. granularis, for Na in the test of P. lividus and A. lixula and for Cl and Mg/Ca in the test P. lividus. Powder X-ray diffractometry determined that, out of all three species, the spines of P. lividus contained the least Mg, while the test of the same species exhibited higher Mg concentration compared to A. lixula and S. granularis. The current study, although not labeling the specimens attempts to estimate potential time-related elemental differences among other results. These may occur due to changes in abiotic factors, probably water temperature, salinity and/or pH. Divergence in food preference and food availability may also play a key role in possible temporal differences the skeletons of these species

scholarly journals The Chemical Composition of the Lionfish (Pterois miles, Bennett 1828), the New Invasive Species of the Mediterranean Sea

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deniz Ayas ◽  
Gulsemin Sen Agılkaya ◽  
Ali Rıza Kosker ◽  
Mustafa Durmus ◽  
Yılmaz Ucar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Pterois Miles ◽  
The Mediterranean

scholarly journals First Record and Massive Spread of Tropical Long-Spined Sea Urchin Diadema antillarum in the Mediterranean Sea (Syrian Coast)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Izdihar Ali Ammar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
First Record ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Diadema Antillarum ◽  
Important Species ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Syrian Coast

The biological structure of the Syrian marine environment still shows a rapid and steady increase in the number of warm water species, many of which have become dominant and invasive. In the latest field data during 2020-2021, the presence of the black sea urchin Diadema antillarum (Philippi, 1845) was recorded for the first time in several locations in Latakia and Ras al-Bassit coast, and its massive spread at depths of 5-8 m, accompanied by invasive species of macroalgae, sponges, crustaceans and mollusks.. It is noteworthy that this species is one of the most widespread and important species of sea urchins in some tropical areas, and this is the first record in the Mediterranean Sea and the Syrian coast It is important as it prey on macroalgae and has an effective role in the health of some of the most important areas of biodiversity in the world.

scholarly journals Chemical composition of microplastics floating on the surface of the Mediterranean Sea

2022 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 113284
Author(s):  
Mikaël Kedzierski ◽  
Maialen Palazot ◽  
Lata Soccalingame ◽  
Mathilde Falcou-Préfol ◽  
Gabriel Gorsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
The Mediterranean

Spiophanes adriaticus, a new species from the Mediterranean Sea

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela D'Alessandro ◽  
Luca Castriota ◽  
Teresa Maggio ◽  
Federica Nasi ◽  
Marilyn Carletti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Central Mediterranean ◽  
The North ◽  
Sublittoral Zone ◽  
New Finding ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
North Adriatic Sea ◽  
A New Species

AbstractMorphological and genetic investigations have led to the identification of Spiophanes adriaticus sp. nov. (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from the North Adriatic Sea (Central Mediterranean). A total of 81 specimens were recorded along the sublittoral zone between 8 and 27.5 m of depth. This species differs from other congeners by having: two pairs of black eyes, a cirriform occipital antenna, dorsal ciliated organs as thin bands usually extending to chaetigers 11–12, dorsal ciliated crests from chaetiger 14–17, undulate glandular opening on chaetigers 5–7, unhooded hooks from the 15th chaetiger and Y shaped tubes. A detailed description and illustrations are provided for the new species. Through DNA barcoding results and comparison of DNA sequences of the new species with those of other congeners available in the GenBank database, the validity of the new finding was confirmed. Spiophanes adriaticus sp. nov. represents the eighth species of Spiophanes recorded for the Mediterranean Sea. A key for the identification of Mediterranean Spiophanes species is also provided.

Impact of sewage pollution on two species of sea urchins in the Mediterranean Sea (Cortiou, France): Radial asymmetry as a bioindicator of stress

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoland Savriama ◽  
Leif Christian Stige ◽  
Sylvain Gerber ◽  
Thierry Pérez ◽  
Paul Alibert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Sewage Pollution ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Radial Asymmetry

scholarly journals Effect of Different Selenium Precursors on Structural Characteristics and Chemical Composition of Cu2ZnSnSe4 Nanocrystals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav Igorovich Kakherskiy ◽  
Roman Pshenychnyi ◽  
Oleksandr Dobrozhan ◽  
Jaroslav Vaziev ◽  
Anatoliy Opanasyuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Synthesis Temperature ◽  
Amorphous Selenium ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Synthesis Time ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electron Microscopies ◽  
Precursor Composition

Abstract In the presented work Cu2ZnSnSe4 nanocrystals have been synthesized by the polyol method. The chemical composition, morphological, structural, and microstructural properties of Cu2ZnSnSe4 nanocrystals depending on synthesis temperature and time as well as precursor composition have been thoroughly investigated using scanning and transmission electron microscopies, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, X-Ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy. We compared the properties of nanocrystals synthesized from different precursors containing selenourea or amorphous selenium as a source of selenium and then determined the optimal conditions for nanocrystals synthesis. It was found that the optimal synthesis time for nanocrystals obtained using the first approach was t = (30-45) min, and for the second approach t = 120 min. It was also found that the optimal composition for the synthesis of single-phase Cu2ZnSnSe4 nanocrystals by the second approach is the molar ratio of precursors 2:1.5:1:4 and synthesis temperature T = 280 оС. Cu2ZnSnSe4 nanocrystals synthesized under optimal conditions were used to develop nanoinks for printing solar cell absorbers by 2D and 3D printers.

Chemical Composition of Corallina mediterranea Areschoug and Corallina granifera Ell. et Soland

2003 ◽  
Vol 58 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 325-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore De Rosa ◽  
Zornitsa Kamenarska ◽  
Kamen Stefanov ◽  
Stefka Dimitrova-Konaklieva ◽  
Chavdar Najdenski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Carbonyl Compounds ◽  
Polar Compounds ◽  
Sterol Composition ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Polar Components ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract The composition of sterols, volatiles and some polar compounds from three Corallina samples (C. granifera and C. mediterranea from the Black Sea and C. mediterranea from the Mediterranean Sea) was established. The sterol composition of the Black Sea samples was similar but it differs from that of the Mediterranean sample. The composition of the volatiles was very complex. The main groups of constituent were hydrocarbons, alcohols, carbonyl compounds, acids and their esters, terpenes. The composition of the polar components, soluble in n-butanol, was also established. There were some differences in the chemical composition of the two Black Sea species, which may be due to the biodiversity between them, while the differences in the composition of the two C. mediterranea samples could be due to the differences in the environment (salinity, temperature, pollution, etc.).

scholarly journals Phylogeographical Patterns among Mediterranean Sepiolid Squids and TheirVibrioSymbionts: Environment Drives Specificity among Sympatric Species

2010 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 642-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Zamborsky ◽  
M. K. Nishiguchi
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Symbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Sympatric Populations ◽  
Squid Species ◽  
The Mediterranean

ABSTRACTBobtail squid from the generaSepiolaandRondeletiola(Cephalopoda: Sepiolidae) form mutualistic associations with luminous Gram-negative bacteria (Gammaproteobacteria:Vibrionaceae) from the generaVibrioandPhotobacterium. Symbiotic bacteria proliferate inside a bilobed light organ until they are actively expelled by the host into the surrounding environment on a diel basis. This event results in a dynamic symbiont population with the potential to establish the symbiosis with newly hatched sterile (axenic) juvenile sepiolids. In this study, we examined the genetic diversity found in populations of sympatric sepiolid squid species and their symbionts by the use of nested clade analysis with multiple gene analyses. Variation found in the distribution of different species of symbiotic bacteria suggests a strong influence of abiotic factors in the local environment, affecting bacterial distribution among sympatric populations of hosts. These abiotic factors include temperature differences incurred by a shallow thermocline, as well as a lack of strong coastal water movement accompanied by seasonal temperature changes in overlapping niches. Host populations are stable and do not appear to have a significant role in the formation of symbiont populations relative to their distribution across the Mediterranean Sea. Additionally, all squid species examined (Sepiola affinis,S. robusta,S. ligulata,S. intermedia, andRondeletiola minor) are genetically distinct from one another regardless of location and demonstrate very little intraspecific variation within species. These findings suggest that physical boundaries and distance in relation to population size, and not host specificity, are important factors in limiting or defining gene flow within sympatric marine squids and their associated bacterial symbionts in the Mediterranean Sea.

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