syrian coast
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Author(s):  
Rasha Houssam Khaddam Rasha Houssam Khaddam

The aim of the research is to develop a conception of the proposed model for Mantle upwelling (diapering) in the coastal region, as the results of this research showed the occurrence of Mantle upwelling regression under the coastal region during the Pliocene period, and this led to the occurrence of basaltic deposits in the Syrian coast during the Pliocene, where we note the center of the vaulting was under Qardaha and Safita, and the Mantle upwelling reached a depth of 35 km within the continental crust, where basalt rocks were formed as a result of partial melting of the upper mantle, and it is upwelled with low melting and differential degrees. Basalt rocks in the initial differential phase of the original basaltic silage.


Author(s):  
Izdihar Ali Ammar ◽  

The biological structure of the Syrian marine environment still shows a rapid and steady increase in the number of warm water species, many of which have become dominant and invasive. In the latest field data during 2020-2021, the presence of the black sea urchin Diadema antillarum (Philippi, 1845) was recorded for the first time in several locations in Latakia and Ras al-Bassit coast, and its massive spread at depths of 5-8 m, accompanied by invasive species of macroalgae, sponges, crustaceans and mollusks.. It is noteworthy that this species is one of the most widespread and important species of sea urchins in some tropical areas, and this is the first record in the Mediterranean Sea and the Syrian coast It is important as it prey on macroalgae and has an effective role in the health of some of the most important areas of biodiversity in the world.


2021 ◽  
pp. 195-199
Author(s):  
Janet Shirley ◽  
Peter W. Edbury
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-227
Author(s):  
Israa Ahmad ◽  
◽  
Ali Mohamad Ramadan ◽  
Louay Aslan ◽  
Nadia Ibrahim Khatib ◽  
...  

Larvae samples of Papilio machaon (Linnaeus, 1758) were collected along with its host plant Foeniculum from Tartous governorate (Baniyas and Al Qadmous), Syria during the autumn of 2019. Samples were examined at the Laboratory of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University. The larvae were reared and observed at 25±1°C, 60±5% RH, and 16 hr light: 8 hr dark photoperiod, until the emergence of either the parasitoid, Buquetia musca (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1847) (Diptera: Tachinidae) or the host adults. The parasitoid larvae emerged from the 5 th instar larvae and/or pupal stage. The pupal developmental period was 11.7±1.32 days (n= 13) and adult longevity was 6.2±2.3 days (n= 13). Keywords: Tachinid flies, Buquetia musca, Papilio machaon, Syrian coast


2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-230
Author(s):  
Ali Yassine Ali ◽  

The caper plant is the main host for the variegated caper bug Stenozygum coloratum (Klug, 1845) along the Syrian coast. The plants loose most of their leaves due to high infestation with this bug. The different stages of this bug were observed to feed on the vegetative parts of sunflower, Helianthus annuus L., in high numbers (75 to 120 bugs/plant). The symptoms of infestation were white spots on the leaf surface. This report includes information on morphological characteristics of the bug, as well as plant hosts, and reporting sunflower as a new plant host for this insect. Keywords: Stenozygum coloratum, Sunflower, Helianthus annuus, New host plant. Syria


2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Ahmad Mouhanna ◽  
◽  
Oos Ali Hasan ◽  
Hind Naaman Harhoush Al- Obaidi ◽  
◽  
...  

Mouhanna, A.M., A.A. Ali Hasan and H.N.H. Alobaidi. 2021. Detection and Molecular Characterization of Watermelon Mosaic Virus (WMV) Spread Along the Syrian Coast. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 39(1): 47-54. Identification of local isolates of Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) was investigated using serological and molecular methods. A total of 293 leaf samples from watermelon, zucchini, pumpkin, cucumber, pepper, beans and potato, with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, were collected from fields in two Syrian governorates (Latakia, Tartus) along the Syrian coast. DAS-ELISA tests revealed the presence of WMV in watermelon, zucchini, pumpkin and cucumber samples, with an average relative incidence of 36.95, 26.31, 29.27 and 37.70%, respectively. The infection of pepper with Watermelon mosaic virus was reported for the first time in Syria, with an average relative incidence of 2.94%. WMV was not detected in potato and beans, and these results were confirmed by RT-PCR. The local WMV isolate Cu4 was grouped with an Iranian isolate [EU660584.1] with 98.9% sequence identity. A Turkish isolate [EU660579] was grouped with local WMV isolate Wa2 with 98.3% sequence identity. Furthermore, two local isolates Zu6 and Cu8 represented one sub-group with 99.3% sequence identity. Keywords: Watermelon mosaic virus, DAS-ELISA, RT-PCR, CI, Phylogenetic Tree.


2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-78
Author(s):  
Lamis Sakr ◽  
◽  
Mohamad Jaber Al Abdallah ◽  
Abdel Nabi Bashir ◽  
◽  
...  

Sakr, L.M., M.J. Al-Abdallah and A.N.M. Bashir. 2021. Adoption of Olive Farmers to the Integrated Pest Management Techniques in the Syrian Coastal Region. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 39(1): 69-78. A survey was conducted to investigate adoption of integrated pest management (IPM) approaches by olive farmers, through determining their knowledge about the most important olive pests in the Syrian Coastal Area, and the relationship between growers’ personal traits and their adoption of IPM approaches. This evaluation was carried out in 42 villages in Tartus and Lattakia governorates along the Syrian coast in 2017 and 2018 growing seasons. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews with a random sample of 420 olive growers by using a questionnaire designed for the purpose of this study. Collected data on frequencies, percentages, averages, standard deviations, relative importance index, in addition to correlation coefficients, were used for data analysis. Results showed that: the Spilocaea oleagina (Cast.), Bactrocera oleae (Rossi), Prays oleae (Bernard) and Euphyllura olivina (Costa) were the most prevalent pests in the researched area, whereas Margaronia unionalis (Hubner), Leveillula taurica (Lév.), and Phloeotribus scarabaeoides (Bernard) were less common. Almost 57.78 and 32.8% of farmers had medium level of IPM adoption in Tartus and Lattakia governorates, respectively. Positive significant correlation was found between adoption levels and each of degree of participation in extension activities and knowledge levels, whereas negative significant correlation was found between adoption levels and each of land property fragmentation and constraints of IPM implementation. Based on this findings it can be concluded that extension activities need to be intensified and more emphasis should be placed on training programs to improve growers’ knowledge and adoption of the concepts and applications of IPM practices. Keywords: Integrated pest management, olive growers, Syrian coast, knowledge diffusion level, adoption.


Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ali Mohamed

In Syria, 76% of the forests are located in the Syrian coast region. This region is witnessing a rapid depletion of forest cover during the conflict that broke out in mid-2011. To date, there have been no studies providing accurate, reliable, and comprehensive data on the qualitative and quantitative aspects of forest change dynamics and the underlying drivers behind this change. In this study, changes in the dynamics of forest cover and its density between 2010 and 2020 were detected and analyzed using multi-temporal Landsat images. This study also analyzed the relationship between changes in forest cover and selected physical and socio-demographic variables associated with the drivers of change. The results revealed that the study area witnessed a significant decrease in the total forest area (31,116.0 ha, 24.3%) accompanied by a considerable decrease in density, as the area of dense forests decreased by 11,778.0 ha (9.2%) between 2010 and 2020. The change in forest cover was driven by a variety of different factors related to the conflict. The main drivers were changes in economic and social activities, extensive exploitation of forest resources, frequent forest fires, and weakness of state institutions in managing natural resources and environmental development. Forest loss was also linked to the expansion of cultivated area, increase in population and urban area. Fluctuating climatic conditions are not a major driver of forest cover dynamics in the study area. This decrease in forest area and density reflects sharp shifts in the natural environment during the study period. In the foreseeable future, it is not possible to determine whether the changes in forest cover and its density will be permanent or temporary. Monitoring changes in forest cover and understanding the driving forces behind this change provides quantitative and qualitative information to improve planning and decision-making. The results of this study may draw the attention of decision-makers to take immediate actions and identify areas of initial intervention to protect current the forests of the Syrian coast region from loss and degradation, as well as develop policies for the sustainable management of forest resources in the long term.


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