Does Functionality Condition the Population Structure and Genetic Diversity of Endangered Dog Breeds under Island Territorial Isolation?

Despite the undefinition of the origins of Ca de Rater (CR) and Ca de Bestiar (CB) dogs, references to these endangered autochthonous breeds highlighted their ratting/pet and shepherding/guard skills for centuries. Genealogical historical records were traced back to founders. Founder number in the reference population (146 and 53 for CR and CB, respectively), historical and reference maximum generations traced (eight and seven for CR and CB, respectively), and historical average number of complete generations (1.04 for both breeds) were determined. Structure assessment revealed the existence of subpopulations regarding criteria such as breeders (75 and 17), breeder location (32 and eight), owners (368 and 198), and owner location (73 and 51) for CR and CB, respectively. Average inbreeding (F) within breed subpopulations ranged from 0.27–1.20% for CB breeders and the rest of subpopulation criteria for both breeds, respectively, except for CB owners and owner location. F ranged from 0.27–1.41% for CB historical population and CR current population, respectively. The study of genetic diversity revealed a relatively similar genetic background between subpopulations. Average coancestry between and within breeds suggested a similar evolutionary process. However, Mann–Whitney U test determined significant differences for diversity parameters (F, ΔR, coancestry, nonrandom mating degree, maximum, complete, and equivalent generations, ΔF, and genetic conservation index) between breeds and their functionalities. Conclusively, functionality in dog breeds may determine the genetic diversity evolution of endangered breeds, even when these share the same geographic isolation conditions.

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Genetic diversity and population structure assessment of Chinese Senna obtusifolia L. by molecular markers and morphological traits of seed

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum ◽

10.1007/s11738-017-2586-3 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Renjun Mao ◽

Pengguo Xia ◽

Jingling Liu ◽

Xin Li ◽

Ruilian Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Population Structure ◽

Molecular Markers ◽

Morphological Traits ◽

Senna Obtusifolia ◽

Structure Assessment

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Is there a host-associated molecular and morphological differentiation between sympatrically occurring individuals of the invasive leaf miner Cameraria ohridella?

Arthropod-Plant Interactions ◽

10.1007/s11829-019-09720-0 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 853-864

Author(s):

Iwona Melosik ◽

Urszula Walczak ◽

Julia Staszak ◽

Katarzyna Winnicka ◽

Edward Baraniak

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Population Structure ◽

Genetic Effect ◽

Population Expansion ◽

Morphological Differentiation ◽

Haplotype Network ◽

Leaf Miner ◽

Mitochondrial Haplotype ◽

Horse Chestnut ◽

Nonrandom Mating

Abstract The leaf-miner moth Cameraria ohridella, a pest in Central Europe, causes severe damage to trees. Host-associated differentiation (HAD) for this species has been suggested previously based on the occurrence of a specific mitochondrial haplotype. We assessed genetic diversity and population structure for sympatrically occurring individuals collected in association with two host species, Ohio buckeye (Aesculus glabra) and horse chestnut (Ae. hippocastanum), using six microsatellite loci (SSR) and mtDNA sequences that encode parts of cytochrome oxidase I and II. To infer population structure and assign individuals to clusters, we employed Bayesian clustering. We further characterized the relationships between genetic distance and geographical distance (IBD) in analyzed samples. Although our results derived from the SSR loci analyses demonstrating that there was no population substructuring caused by the hosts, we found evidence of differences in wing size, which might be attributed to the quality of food resources available to larvae. The population structure with K = 2 cannot be interpreted as the result of IBD; rather, it reflects a population differentiation due to demographic or genetic processes (e.g., an origin of invaders). Although genetic diversity was relatively high (He> 0.5), the population had a deficiency of heterozygotes (FIS > 0), which was most likely due to nonrandom mating and, possibly, a Wahlund effect. A star-like haplotype network and negative Tajima’s D support the genetic effect of bottleneck followed by population expansion. Based on presumably neutral markers, we conclude that C. ohridella appeared to be a good model for studying evolution toward a generalist invasive species, rather than HAD.

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Genetic diversity and population structure assessment of Malaxis acuminata D. Don, a threatened terrestrial medicinal orchid using SPAR methods

International Journal of Advanced Life Sciences ◽

10.26627/ijals/2018/11.03.0058 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 127-139

Author(s):

Jean Valrie Marbaniang ◽

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Population Structure ◽

Structure Assessment ◽

Medicinal Orchid ◽

Malaxis Acuminata

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Genetic Diversity and Genetic Structure of Different Types of Natural Populations inOsmanthus fragransLour. and the Relationships with Sex Ratio, Population Structure, and Geographic Isolation

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2014/817080 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Shaoqing Hu ◽

Shuai Wu ◽

Yiguang Wang ◽

Hongbo Zhao ◽

Yuanyan Zhang

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Population Structure ◽

Sex Ratio ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Sexual System ◽

Geographic Isolation ◽

Natural Distribution ◽

Reproduction Mode ◽

Osmanthus Fragrans ◽

Different Types

Osmanthus fragransLour., an evergreen small tree, has the rare sexual system of androdioecy (coexistence of males and hermaphrodites), once with wide-spread natural distribution in the areas of the South Yangzi river basin. However, due to excessive human utilization, natural distribution became fragmented and the number and size of natural populations reduced sharply. With four different types of natural populations from the same region as research object, we aim to provide a comparative analysis on the relationships among genetic diversity, sexual system, population structure and size, and geographic isolation by ISSR. In genetic parameters ofNe,He, andI, the LQGC population had the highest value and the LQZGQ population had the lowest value. These indicated that LQGC population showed the highest genetic diversity, followed by QDH and JN population, and LQZGQ population exhibited the lowest genetic diversity. Genetic diversity in populations is closely related to population structure, reproduction mode, and sex ratio. However, there seems to be no obvious correlation between genetic diversity and population size. The results of AMOVA showed that genetic variations mostly occurred within populations. It indicates that no significant genetic differentiation among populations occurs, and geographic isolation has no significant effect on genetic diversity.

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Diversity And Population Structure of Nordic Potato Cultivars and Breeding Clones Grown Under Long Daylength in Europe

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1116756/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Catja Selga ◽

Pawel Chrominski ◽

Ulrika Carlson-Nilsson ◽

Mariette Andersson ◽

Aakash Chawade ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Population Structure ◽

Potato Breeding ◽

Crop Improvement ◽

Snp Array ◽

Gene Bank ◽

Polymorphic Snps ◽

Genetic Potential ◽

Similar Genetic Background ◽

Breeding Germplasm

Abstract The genetic diversity and population structure of breeding germplasm is central knowledge for crop improvement. To gain insight into the genetic potential of the germplasm used for potato breeding in a Nordic breeding program as well as the collections from the Nordic genebank (NordGen), 133 potato genotypes were genotyped using the Infinium Illumina 20K SNP array. After SNP filtering, 11 610 polymorphic SNPs were included in the analysis. In addition, data from three important breeding traits – percent dry matter and uniformity of tuber shape and eye – were scored to measure the variation be-tween groups. The genetic diversity among the genotypes was estimated using principal coordinate analysis based on the genetic distance between individuals, as well as by using the software STRUC-TURE. Both methods suggest that the collected breeding material and the germplasm from the gene-bank are closely related, with a low degree of population structure between the groups. The phenotypic distribution among the genotypes revealed significant differences, especially between farmer’s cultivars and released cultivars and breeding clones. The percent heterozygosity was similar between the groups, with a mean average of 58–60%. Overall, the breeding germplasm and the collection of genotypes from the Nordic gene bank seems to be closely related with similar genetic background. This gains insight that the genetic potential of available Nordic potato breeding germplasm is low, and for genetic hybridi-zation purposes, genotypes from outside the Nordic region should be employed.

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