scholarly journals A First Insight into the Gonad Transcriptome of Hong Kong Catfish (Clarias fuscus)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1131
Author(s):  
Xinghua Lin ◽  
Dayan Zhou ◽  
Xiaomin Zhang ◽  
Guangli Li ◽  
Yulei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Sex Determination ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Kegg Pathways ◽  
Clarias Fuscus ◽  
Go Terms

Hong Kong catfish (Clarias fuscus) exhibit sexual dimorphism, particularly in body size. Due to the fast growth rate of males, the sexual size dimorphism of Hong Kong catfish has become an economically important trait. However, limited knowledge is known about the molecular mechanisms of sex determination and sex differentiation in this species. In this study, a first de novo transcriptome sequencing analysis of testes and ovaries was performed to identify sex-biased genes in Hong Kong catfish. The results showed that a total of 290,291 circular consensus sequences (CCSs) were obtained, from which 248,408 full-length non-chimeric (FLNC) reads were generated. After non-redundant analysis, a total of 37,305 unigenes were predicted, in which 34,342 unigenes were annotated with multiple public databases. Comparative transcriptomic analysis identified 5750 testis-biased differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 6991 ovary-biased DEGs. The enrichment analysis showed that DEGs were classified into 783 Gene Ontology (GO) terms and 16 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) pathways. Many DEGs were involved with sex-related GO terms and KEGG pathways, such as oocyte maturation, androgen secretion, gonadal development and steroid biosynthesis pathways. In addition, the expression levels of 23 unigenes were confirmed to validate the transcriptomic data by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). This is the first investigation into the transcriptome of Hong Kong catfish testes and ovaries. This study provides an important molecular basis for the sex determination and sex control breeding of Hong Kong catfish.

scholarly journals Sex Determination and Sex Differentiation

2021 ◽  
pp. 72-78
Author(s):  
G. B. Protyusha ◽  
Sivapathasundharam B.
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
Defining Moment ◽  
Sexual Determination

Sex determination is arguably the most defining moment of our lives, the point where we inherit X or Y chromosome from our father. This initiates a cascade of events that sets in a train of morphological changes, genetic regulations and molecular mechanisms. Following this, our fate is further sealed during sex differentiation and gonadal development owing to the action of sex-specific gonadal hormones. Therefore, the profoundly divergent journeys of male and female lives are decided just by the toss of a genetic coin. The existence of a third gender is also an undeniable aspect of our society. The understanding of the functioning and genetic regulation of the complex process of sexual determination and differentiation is pivotal in comprehension of the basis of human life. Any deviation from the usual mechanisms in the critical stages of development leads to disorders of sexual differentiation leading to sexual ambiguity among individuals. This review discusses the mechanisms that contribute to female and male sex determination and gonadal development, in an attempt to understand the basics of human sex.

scholarly journals Transcriptomics analysis revealing candidate genes and networks for sex differentiation of Yesso scallop(Patinopecten yessoensis)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liqing Zhou ◽  
Zhihong Liu ◽  
Yinghui Dong ◽  
Xiujun Sun ◽  
Biao Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Patinopecten Yessoensis ◽  
Mizuhopecten Yessoensis ◽  
Kegg Pathways ◽  
Yesso Scallop

Abstract Background:The Yesso scallop, Patinopecten (Mizuhopecten) yessoensis, is a commercially important bivalve in the coastal countries of Northeast Asia. It has complex modes of sex differentiation, but knowledge of the mechanisms underlying this sex determination and differentiation is limited. Results:In this study, the gonad tissues from females and males at three developmental stages were used to investigate candidate genes and networks for sex differentiation via RNA-Req. A total of 901,980,606 high quality clean reads were obtained from 18 libraries, of which 417 expressed male-specific genes and 754 expressed female-specific genes. Totally, 10,074 genes differentially expressed in females and males were identified. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed that turquoise and green gene modules were significantly positively correlated with male gonads, while coral1 and black modules were significantly associated with female gonads. The most important gene for sex determination and differentiation was Pydmrt1, which was the only gene discovered that determined the male sex phenotype during early gonadal differentiation. Enrichment analyses of GO terms and KEGG pathways revealed that genes involved in metabolism, genetic and environmental information processes or pathways are sex-biased. Forty-nine genes in the five modules involved in sex differentiation or determination were identified and selected to construct a gene co-expression network and a hypothesized sex differentiation pathway. Conclusions: The current study focused on screening genes of sex differentiation in Yesso scallop, highlighting the potential regulatory mechanisms of gonadal development in P. yessoensis. Our data suggested that WCGNA can facilitate identification of key genes for sex differentiation and determination. Using this method, a hypothesized P. yessoensis sex determination and differentiation pathway was constructed. In this pathway, Pydmrt1 may have a leading function.

scholarly journals Transcriptomics analysis revealing candidate genes and networks for sex differentiation of Yesso scallop(Patinopecten yessoensis)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liqing Zhou ◽  
Zhihong Liu ◽  
Yinghui Dong ◽  
Xiujun Sun ◽  
Biao Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Patinopecten Yessoensis ◽  
Mizuhopecten Yessoensis ◽  
Kegg Pathways ◽  
Yesso Scallop

Abstract Background:The Yesso scallop, Patinopecten (Mizuhopecten) yessoensis, is a commercially important bivalve in the coastal countries of Northeast Asia. It has complex modes of sex differentiation, but knowledge of the mechanisms underlying this sex determination and differentiation is limited. Results:In this study, the gonad tissues from females and males at three developmental stages were used to investigate candidate genes and networks for sex differentiation via RNA-Req. A total of 901,980,606 high quality clean reads were obtained from 18 libraries, of which 417 expressed male-specific genes and 754 expressed female-specific genes. Totally, 10,074 genes differentially expressed in females and males were identified. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed that turquoise and green gene modules were significantly positively correlated with male gonads, while coral1 and black modules were significantly associated with female gonads. The most important gene for sex determination and differentiation was Pydmrt1, which was the only gene discovered that determined the male sex phenotype during early gonadal differentiation. Enrichment analyses of GO terms and KEGG pathways revealed that genes involved in metabolism, genetic and environmental information processes or pathways are sex-biased. Forty-nine genes in the five modules involved in sex differentiation or determination were identified and selected to construct a gene co-expression network and a hypothesized sex differentiation pathway. Conclusions: The current study focused on screening genes of sex differentiation in Yesso scallop, highlighting the potential regulatory mechanisms of gonadal development in P. yessoensis. Our data suggested that WCGNA can facilitate identification of key genes for sex differentiation and determination. Using this method, a hypothesized P. yessoensis sex determination and differentiation pathway was constructed. In this pathway, Pydmrt1 may have a leading function.

scholarly journals Transcriptomics analysis revealing candidate genes and networks for sex differentiation of Yesso scallop(Patinopecten yessoensis)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liqing Zhou ◽  
Zhihong Liu ◽  
Yinghui Dong ◽  
Xiujun Sun ◽  
Biao Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Patinopecten Yessoensis ◽  
Mizuhopecten Yessoensis ◽  
Kegg Pathways ◽  
Yesso Scallop

Abstract Background:The Yesso scallop, Patinopecten (Mizuhopecten) yessoensis, is a commercially important bivalve in the coastal countries of Northeast Asia. It has complex modes of sex differentiation, but knowledge of the mechanisms underlying this sex determination and differentiation is limited. Results:In this study, the gonad tissues from females and males at three developmental stages were used to investigate candidate genes and networks for sex differentiation via RNA-Req. A total of 901,980,606 high quality clean reads were obtained from 18 libraries, of which 417 expressed male-specific genes and 754 expressed female-specific genes. Totally, 10,074 genes differentially expressed in females and males were identified. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed that turquoise and green gene modules were significantly positively correlated with male gonads, while coral1 and black modules were significantly associated with female gonads. The most important gene for sex determination and differentiation was Pydmrt1, which was the only gene discovered that determined the male sex phenotype during early gonadal differentiation. Enrichment analyses of GO terms and KEGG pathways revealed that genes involved in metabolism, genetic and environmental information processes or pathways are sex-biased. Forty-nine genes in the five modules involved in sex differentiation or determination were identified and selected to construct a gene co-expression network and a hypothesized sex differentiation pathway. Conclusions: The current study focused on screening genes of sex differentiation in Yesso scallop, highlighting the potential regulatory mechanisms of gonadal development in P. yessoensis. Our data suggested that WCGNA can facilitate identification of key genes for sex differentiation and determination. Using this method, a hypothesized P. yessoensis sex determination and differentiation pathway was constructed. In this pathway, Pydmrt1 may have a leading function.

scholarly journals Transcriptomics analysis revealing candidate genes and networks for sex differentiation of Yesso scallop(Patinopecten yessoensis)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liqing Zhou ◽  
Zhihong Liu ◽  
Yinghui Dong ◽  
Xiujun Sun ◽  
Biao Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Patinopecten Yessoensis ◽  
Mizuhopecten Yessoensis ◽  
Kegg Pathways ◽  
Yesso Scallop

Abstract Background:The Yesso scallop, Patinopecten (Mizuhopecten) yessoensis, is a commercially important bivalve in the coastal countries of Northeast Asia. It has complex modes of sex differentiation, but knowledge of the mechanisms underlying this sex determination and differentiation is limited. Results:In this study, the gonad tissues from females and males at three developmental stages were used to investigate candidate genes and networks for sex differentiation via RNA-Req. A total of 901,980,606 high quality clean reads were obtained from 18 libraries, of which 417 expressed male-specific genes and 754 expressed female-specific genes. Totally, 10,074 genes differentially expressed in females and males were identified. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed that turquoise and green gene modules were significantly positively correlated with male gonads, while coral1 and black modules were significantly associated with female gonads. The most important gene for sex determination and differentiation was Pydmrt1, which was the only gene discovered that determined the male sex phenotype during early gonadal differentiation. Enrichment analyses of GO terms and KEGG pathways revealed that genes involved in metabolism, genetic and environmental information processes or pathways are sex-biased. Forty-nine genes in the five modules involved in sex differentiation or determination were identified and selected to construct a gene co-expression network and a hypothesized sex differentiation pathway. Conclusions: The current study focused on screening genes of sex differentiation in Yesso scallop, highlighting the potential regulatory mechanisms of gonadal development in P. yessoensis. Our data suggested that WCGNA can facilitate identification of key genes for sex differentiation and determination. Using this method, a hypothesized P. yessoensis sex determination and differentiation pathway was constructed. In this pathway, Pydmrt1 may have a leading function.

scholarly journals De novo characterization of the Camellia sinensis transcriptome and comprehensive analysis of the diploid and triploid leaf morphological differences

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
yong Qi ◽  
Xinzhuan Yao ◽  
Degang Zhao ◽  
Litang Lu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Sponge Tissue ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Stomatal Development ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Hormone Synthesis ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Tea Plants

Abstract Background: Polyploidization has undergone a series of significant changes in the morphology and physiology of tea plants as plants multiply, especially in terms of increased growth rate and genetic gains Result: In this study, we found that the leaves of triploid tea had obvious growth advantages compared with diploid tea leaves, which was 59.81% higher than that of diploid leaves areas. The morphological structure of the triploid leaves showed obvious changes, the xylem of the veins was more developed, the cell-to-cell gap between the palisade tissue and the sponge tissue became larger, and the stomata of the triploid leaves were enlarged. Transcriptome sequencing analysis showed that after the triploidization of tea, the changes of leaf morphology and physiological characteristics were affected by the specific expression of some key regulatory genes. we identified a large number of transcripts and genes that might play important roles in leaf development, especially those involved in cell division, photosynthesis, hormone synthesis, and stomatal development.Conclusion: This study will improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of tea leaf and stomatal development and provide the basis for molecular breeding of high quality and yield tea varieties. Furthermore, it gives information that may enhance understanding of triploid physiology.

scholarly journals De novo characterization of the Camellia sinensis transcriptome and comprehensive analysis of the diploid and triploid leaf morphology and physiological differences

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong QI ◽  
Xinzhuan YAO ◽  
Degang ZHAO ◽  
Litang Lu
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Sponge Tissue ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Stomatal Development ◽  
Tea Leaves ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Hormone Synthesis

Abstract Background Polyploidization has undergone a series of significant changes in the morphology and physiology of tea plants as plants multiply, especially in terms of increased growth rate and genetic gainsResult In this study, we found that the leaves of triploid tea had obvious growth advantages compared with diploid tea leaves, which was 59.81% higher than that of diploid leaves areas. The morphological structure of the triploid leaves showed obvious changes, the xylem of the veins was more developed, the cell-to-cell gap between the palisade tissue and the sponge tissue became larger, and the stomata of the triploid leaves were enlarged. After the polyploidy of tea, the content of secondary metabolites in tea leaves also changed significantly. Transcriptome sequencing analysis showed that after the triploidization of tea, the changes of leaf morphology and physiological characteristics were affected by the specific expression of some key regulatory genes. we identified a large number of transcripts and genes that might play important roles in leaf development, especially those involved in cell division, photosynthesis, hormone synthesis, and stomatal development.Conclusion This study will improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of tea leaf and stomatal development and provide the basis for molecular breeding of high quality and yield tea varieties. Furthermore, it gives information that may enhance understanding of triploid physiology.

scholarly journals De novo characterization of the Camellia sinensis transcriptome and comprehensive analysis of the diploid and triploid leaf morphological differences

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
yong Qi ◽  
Xinzhuan Yao ◽  
Degang Zhao ◽  
Litang lu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Sponge Tissue ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Stomatal Development ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Hormone Synthesis ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Tea Plants

Abstract Background: Polyploidization has undergone a series of significant changes in the morphology and physiology of tea plants as plants multiply, especially in terms of increased growth rate and genetic gains Result: In this study, we found that the leaves of triploid tea had obvious growth advantages compared with diploid tea leaves, which was 59.81% higher than that of diploid leaves areas. The morphological structure of the triploid leaves showed obvious changes, the xylem of the veins was more developed, the cell-to-cell gap between the palisade tissue and the sponge tissue became larger, and the stomata of the triploid leaves were enlarged. Transcriptome sequencing analysis showed that after the triploidization of tea, the changes of leaf morphology and physiological characteristics were affected by the specific expression of some key regulatory genes. We identified a large number of transcripts and genes that might play important roles in leaf development, especially those involved in cell division, photosynthesis, hormone synthesis, and stomatal development. Conclusion: This study will improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of tea leaf and stomatal development and provide the basis for molecular breeding of tea varieties with high quality and yield. Furthermore, it gives information to improve understanding of triploid physiology.

scholarly journals Sex Determination Using RNA-Sequencing Analyses in Early Prenatal Pig Development

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1010
Author(s):  
Susana A. Teixeira ◽  
Adriana M. G. Ibelli ◽  
Maurício E. Cantão ◽  
Haniel C. de Oliveira ◽  
Mônica C. Ledur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Prenatal Development ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Transcriptome Data ◽  
Relevant Factor ◽  
Animal Science ◽  
Human Prenatal Development

Sexual dimorphism is a relevant factor in animal science, since it can affect the gene expression of economically important traits. Eventually, the interest in the prenatal phase in a transcriptome study may not comprise the period of development in which male and female conceptuses are phenotypically divergent. Therefore, it would be interesting if sex differentiation could be performed using transcriptome data, with no need for extra techniques. In this study, the sex of pig conceptuses (embryos at 25 days-old and fetuses at 35 days-old) was determined by reads counts per million (CPM) of Y chromosome-linked genes that were discrepant among samples. Thus, ten genes were used: DDX3Y, KDM5D, ZFY, EIF2S3Y, EIF1AY, LOC110255320, LOC110257894, LOC396706, LOC100625207, and LOC110255257. Conceptuses that presented reads CPM sum for these genes (ΣCPMchrY) greater than 400 were classified as males and those with ΣCPMchrY below 2 were classified as females. It was demonstrated that the sex identification can be performed at early stages of pig development from RNA-sequencing analysis of genes mapped on Y chromosome. Additionally, these results reinforce that sex determination is a mechanism conserved across mammals, highlighting the importance of using pigs as an animal model to study sex determination during human prenatal development.

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