scholarly journals Seasonal Activity of Urban Bats Populations in Temperate Climate Zone—A Case Study from Southern Poland

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1474
Author(s):  
Joanna Kohyt ◽  
Ewa Pierzchała ◽  
Andrea Pereswiet-Soltan ◽  
Krzysztof Piksa
Keyword(s):  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Landscape Planning ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Migration Corridor ◽  
Impact Of Urbanization

Municipal greenery can mitigate the negative impact of urbanization on biodiversity, including bats, by providing a migration corridor, food base and roosts. Our study aimed to evaluate the species composition and diversity, test the differences in activity between seasons, and identify the atmospheric conditions influencing the bats’ activity in the Planty Park (Cracow). Fieldworks were conducted in 2016 and 2017. We recorded 10 species, two new for this part of Poland: the Kuhl’s pipistrelle (Pipistrellus kuhlii) and the Savi’s pipistrelle (Hypsugo savii). Taxa were divided into three ecological guilds. Myotis group’s activity was insufficient to perform statistical analyses. The activity of Nyctalus, Eptesicus and Vespertilio group peaked in late summer. A similar insignificant trend was observed for Pipistrellus and Hypsugo. Temperature enhanced the activity of Nyctalus, Eptesicus and Vespertilio group in spring and early summer, while cloud cover suppressed their activity in autumn. Temperature also enhanced Pipistrellus and Hypsugo group activity in spring and autumn, but it suppressed their summer activity. Our study is one of the first to investigate temperate urban bats’ phenology and may serve as a preface for further research to introduce detailed urban landscape planning recommendations.

scholarly journals Ontogeny of energy allocation reveals selective pressure promoting risk-taking behaviour in young fish cohorts

2005 ◽  
Vol 272 (1571) ◽  
pp. 1443-1448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A Biro ◽  
John R Post ◽  
Mark V Abrahams
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Selective Pressure ◽  
Somatic Growth ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Energy Allocation ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Risk Of Predation

Given limited food, prey fishes in a temperate climate must take risks to acquire sufficient reserves for winter and/or to outgrow vulnerability to predation. However, how can we distinguish which selective pressure promotes risk-taking when larger body size is always beneficial? To address this question, we examined patterns of energy allocation in populations of age-0 trout to determine if greater risk-taking corresponds with energy allocation to lipids or to somatic growth. Trout achieved maximum growth rates in all lakes and allocated nearly all of their acquired energy to somatic growth when small in early summer. However, trout in low-food lakes took greater risks to achieve this maximal growth, and therefore incurred high mortality. By late summer, age-0 trout allocated considerable energy to lipids and used previously risky habitats in all lakes. These results indicate that: (i) the size-dependent risk of predation (which is independent of behaviour) promotes risk-taking behaviour of age-0 trout to increase growth and minimize time spent in vulnerable sizes; and (ii) the physiology of energy allocation and behaviour interact to mediate growth/mortality trade-offs for young animals at risk of predation and starvation.

scholarly journals Research on the Application of the Concept of Sponge Cities in Urban Landscape Planning

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Tao Fang
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Landscape Architecture ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Landscape Planning ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Space Design ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Public Space Design

<p>Landscape architecture has developed rapidly since a long time ago. Green space in cities has been slowly designed as parks and greenways, with greenery decoration becoming systematic and integrated. Emerging late in China, the concept of landscape and public space design was not put forward until the first five-year plan after the founding of the People’s Republic of China. After entering the 21st century, with the development of landscape architecture, China gradually attached importance to and developed landscape and public space design. As people deepen their understanding of the world and the earth, the awareness of environmental protection has been enhanced. The urban construction and development have brought about a negative impact on the environment. On the other hand, because people selectively ignored sustainable development, it has in turn caused a passive influence and restricted the development direction of cities. Especially in the rainy season in summer, cities often fail to make effective use of rainwater resources and are damaged.</p>

Impacts of albedo and atmospheric conditions on the efficiency of solar energy: a case study in temperate climate of Choman, Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 989-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Saleh Aziz ◽  
Mohammad Faridun Naim Tajuddin ◽  
Mohd Rafi Adzman ◽  
Makbul A. M. Ramli
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions

Emplacing Berlin: Digital Itineraries and Short-term Study Abroad in the City

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B. Apgar
Keyword(s):  
Study Abroad ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Study Abroad Programs ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Digital Maps ◽  
Short Term Study ◽  
The City

As destination of choice for many short-term study abroad programs, Berlin offers students of German language, culture and history a number of sites richly layered with significance. The complexities of these sites and the competing narratives that surround them are difficult for students to grasp in a condensed period of time. Using approaches from the spatial humanities, this article offers a case study for enhancing student learning through the creation of digital maps and itineraries in a campus-based course for subsequent use during a three-week program in Berlin. In particular, the concept of deep mapping is discussed as a means of augmenting understanding of the city and its history from a narrative across time to a narrative across the physical space of the city. As itineraries, these course-based projects were replicated on site. In moving from the digital environment to the urban landscape, this article concludes by noting meanings uncovered and narratives formed as we moved through the physical space of the city.

Impact of Urbanization on Land Use/Land Cover — Case Study: The Western Part of Khartoum State, Sudan

2017 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 272-277
Author(s):  
Tawhida A. Yousif ◽  
Nancy I. Abdalla ◽  
El-Mugheira M. Ibrahim ◽  
Afraa M. E. Adam
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Land Use Land Cover ◽  
Impact Of Urbanization

Modernisation of Higher Education – Willful Action or Wishful Thinking? The Case of Bulgaria

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-17
Author(s):  
Elena Blagoeva
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
National Level ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Case Study Methodology ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The impact of the last global economic crisis (2008) on the European economy put a strain on higher education (HE), yet it also pushed the sector towards intensive reforms and improvements. This paper focuses on the “Strategy for the Development of Higher Education in the Republic of Bulgaria 2014-2020”. With a case study methodology, we explore the strategic endeavours of the Bulgarian government to comply with the European directions and to secure sustainable growth for the HE sector. Our research question is ‘How capable is the Bulgarian HE Strategy to overcome the economic and systemic restraints of Bulgarian higher education?’. Because the development of strategies for HE within the EU is highly contextual, a single qualitative case study was chosen as the research approach. HE institutions are not ivory towers, but subjects to a variety of external and internal forces. Within the EU, this is obviated by the fact that Universities obtain their funds from institutions such as governments, students and their families, donors, as well as EU-level programmes. Therefore, to explore how these pressures interact to affect strategic action on national level, the case method is well suited as it enabled us to study the phenomena thoroughly and deeply. The paper suggests the actions proposed within the Strategy have the potential to overcome the delay, the regional isolation and the negative impact of the economic crisis on the country. Nevertheless, the key elements on which the success or failure of this Strategy hinges are the control mechanisms and the approach to implementation. Shortcomings in these two aspects of strategic actions in HE seem to mark the difference between gaining long-term benefits and merely saving face in front of international institutions.

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