scholarly journals Chitosan Treatment of E-11 Cells Modulates Transcription of Nonspecific Immune Genes and Reduces Nodavirus Capsid Protein Gene Expression

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3097
Author(s):  
Nadia Chérif ◽  
Fatma Amdouni ◽  
Boutheina Bessadok ◽  
Ghada Tagorti ◽  
Saloua Sadok
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Capsid Protein ◽  
Protein Gene ◽  
Antiviral Effect ◽  
Capsid Gene ◽  
Viral Capsid ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Capsid Protein Gene ◽  
Waste Products

This study explores whether crustacean products inhibit viral infections in aquaculture. Chitosan (CHT) was extracted from waste products of Parapenaeus longirostris. Biochemical composition, viscosity measurement, molecular weight, structure and cytotoxicity tests were used to characterize the extracted chitosan. Cultures of E-11 cells derived from snakehead Ophicephalus striatus were inoculated with 106.74 TCID50 of an isolate of betanodavirus genotype RGNNV (redspotted grouper nervous necrosis virus) after being treated with solutions of 0.3% CHT for 1 h at room temperature. The antiviral effect of CHT was assessed by comparing the ability of RGNVV to replicate and produce cytopathic effects on CHT-treated cell cultures. The change in RNA expression levels of the nodavirus capsid protein gene and three mediator genes in infected cells with or without CHT treatment was evaluated by qPCR. Changes in gene expression compared to control groups were monitored at 6, 24, 48 and 71 h post treatment in all target gene transcripts. The CCR3 expression in CHT treated cells showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) until day 3. On the other hand, the expression of TNF-α decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in CHT treated cells throughout the experimental period. Likewise, the expression of the IL-10 gene showed a significant downregulation in CHT treated cells at all time points (p ≤ 0.05). As further evidence of an antiviral effect, CHT treatment of cells produced a reduction in virus load as measured by a reduced expression of the viral capsid gene and the increase in RQ values from 406 ± 1.9 at hour 1 to 695 ± 3.27 at 72 h post inoculation. Statistical analysis showed that the expression of the viral capsid gene was significantly lower in cells treated with chitosan (p ≤ 0.05). These results improve our knowledge about the antiviral activity of this bioactive molecule and highlight its potential use in fish feed industry.

SIVmac Gag p27 capsid protein gene expression in potato

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 312-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae-Geum Kim ◽  
Ruth Ruprecht ◽  
William H.R Langridge
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Capsid Protein ◽  
Protein Gene ◽  
Capsid Protein Gene

Transgenic resistance to Cymbidium mosaic virus in Dendrobium expressing the viral capsid protein gene

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Chang ◽  
Ying-Chun Chen ◽  
Yau-Heiu Hsu ◽  
Jian-Tai Wu ◽  
Chung-Chi Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Capsid Protein ◽  
Protein Gene ◽  
Viral Capsid ◽  
Transgenic Resistance ◽  
Cymbidium Mosaic Virus ◽  
Capsid Protein Gene ◽  
Viral Capsid Protein

scholarly journals cDNA cloning and nucleotide sequence of the wheat streak mosaic virus capsid protein gene

1991 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Niblett ◽  
K. R. Zagula ◽  
L. A. Calvert ◽  
T. L. Kendall ◽  
D. M. Stark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Capsid Protein ◽  
Cdna Cloning ◽  
Protein Gene ◽  
Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus ◽  
Capsid Protein Gene ◽  
Virus Capsid ◽  
Virus Capsid Protein

Genetic and codon usage bias analyses of major capsid protein gene in Ranavirus

2020 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 104379
Author(s):  
Hai-feng Tian ◽  
Qiao-mu Hu ◽  
Han-bing Xiao ◽  
Ling-bing Zeng ◽  
Yan Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Codon Usage ◽  
Capsid Protein ◽  
Codon Usage Bias ◽  
Protein Gene ◽  
Major Capsid Protein ◽  
Capsid Protein Gene ◽  
Major Capsid Protein Gene

scholarly journals First Report of Cherry mottle leaf virus Infecting Cherry in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (8) ◽  
pp. 1161-1161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. X. Ma ◽  
J. J. Li ◽  
G. F. Li ◽  
S. F. Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Capsid Protein ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Restriction Site ◽  
Protein Gene ◽  
Capsid Protein Gene ◽  
First Report ◽  
Pcr Product ◽  
Sweet Cherry Cultivars ◽  
Leaf Virus ◽  
Cherry Trees

Cherry mottle leaf virus (CMLV) is a member of the genus Trichovirus (family Betaflexiviridae). CMLV infects several species of the genus Prunus including cherry (Prunus avium) and peach (P. persica) (2,3). It is spread via budding and grafting with infected wood and can be transmitted from infected bitter cherry (P. emarginata), or infected but symptomless peach trees to healthy sweet cherry trees by the bud mite (Eriophyes inaequalis) (1). On susceptible sweet cherry cultivars, CMLV causes symptoms such as chlorotic mottle-leaf pattern, distortion, puckering of younger leaves, and small fruits that ripen late (1), which may lead to severe economic losses in some cultivars. Cherry is one of the most important fruit tree species in North China, and Shandong Province is one of the major cherry production areas. In June 2013, a survey of possible CMLV presence was conducted in a cherry orchard planted in 1996 in Zoucheng city, Shandong. The sweet cherry cultivars in this orchard included Black Tartarian, Bing, Hongdeng (a hybrid between cvs. Napoleon and Huangyu), and others; the rootstock cultivar utilized to graft these cultivars was mountain cherry (P. tomentosa). During the survey, characteristic symptoms on leaves such as leaf mottling, distortion, and puckering similar to those caused by CMLV were observed on some trees of the cv. Hongdeng, and the symptomatic trees accounted for ~10% of the total trees of this cultivar. Five symptomatic cherry leaf samples and three healthy-looking cherry leaf samples of cv. Hongdeng were collected. Total RNA extracted from the leaf samples using RNeasy plant mini kit (Qiagen Inc., Valencia, CA) was subjected to first strand cDNA synthesis with the reverse primer CMLV-3R (5′-CTCGAGAACACAGAGATTTGTCGAGAC-3′, sequence in italics indicates restriction site XhoI) and M-MLV reverse transcriptase (Promega, Madison, WI) according to the manufacturer's instruction. The cDNA was then used as template in the PCR assay using primers CMLV-5F (5′-GGATCCATGTCGGCGCGATTGAATC-3′, sequence in italics indicates restriction site BamHI) and CMLV-3R, which amplify the genome fragment including the capsid protein gene of CMLV. The expected PCR product ~590 bp was amplified from all five symptomatic samples, while no such PCR product was amplified from the symptomless samples. The PCR products were cloned into pMD18-T vector (TaKaRa, Dalian, China). Three positive clones for each of the five amplicons were sequenced in both directions. Sequence alignment and nucleotide BLAST analysis of the sequences revealed that they were 99% to 100% identical to the corresponding capsid protein gene sequence of a cherry isolate of CMLV (GenBank Accession No. AF170028) and 85% identical with that of the peach wart strain of CMLV (KC207480). Our results confirm the infection of cherry trees by CMLV in Shandong. To our knowledge, this is the first report of CMLV on cherry in China. As the spread of CMLV by mite vector in the field is rare (1), and no bud mite outbreak had occurred in this orchard in the past years, so it is possible that virus-infected propagation materials are largely responsible for the spread of this virus. Considering the importance of cherry cultivation in China, this report prompts the need to survey the occurrence of this virus in Shandong and other provinces, and the need to develop more effective management strategies such as the use of certified virus-free nursery stocks to reduce the impact of CMLV. References: (1) J. E. Adaskaveg et al. Diseases. Page 61 in: UC IPM Pest Management Guidelines: Cherry. University of California ANR Publication 3444, 2014. (2) D. James et al. Arch. Virol. 145:995, 2000. (3) T. A. Mekuria et al. Arch. Virol. 158:2201, 2013.

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