Subjectivation, Modernity, and Hypermodernity

Modernity is an action, a work (deed) that transforms the relation between a human group and its environment. The notion of “subjectivation” is the way I define human societies’ discovery and their creative capacity. Meanwhile the nation/states’ withdrawal into themselves, the closure of the borders to the full scope of globalization, and the acceptance or refusal of migrants become the central issue of all sociopolitical conflicts, replacing the previous labor-based conflicts that have been at the core of the industrial society. Sociological analysis today addresses the fundamental issue: What is the future of democracy? The answer lies in criticism visà- vis the idea of states and institutions as agents of democracy, and the assertion of a social definition of democracy.

Àsùwàda Principle and Inter-Ethnic Conflict in Nigeria

This paper examines the àsùwàdà principle as an indigenous social theory, which is based on alásùwàdà, a body of doctrines according to which the creator of human beings and everything in nature, dá (created) individual human beings as à-sù-wà (beings who can only live successfully as part of a human group with a purpose). By establishing a teleological or purposeful unity and interconnectedness among all human beings, the àsùwàdà principle suggests that all human beings are created to be gregarious in nature and enjoy the best ìwà (existence or character) when they sù-wà (live in group). This paper interrogates the àsùwàdà principle in relation to the problem of ethnic conflicts in Nigeria. The paper concludes that if as human beings, we are dá (created) to be àsùwà, then, with the complementary ideas of alájọbí, alájọgbé, and ìfọgbọ́ntáyéṣe, ethnic pluralism should not necessarily lead to ethnic antagonism or conflict.

Human Group IIA Phospholipase A2—Three Decades on from Its Discovery

Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzymes were first recognized as an enzyme activity class in 1961. The secreted (sPLA2) enzymes were the first of the five major classes of human PLA2s to be identified and now number nine catalytically-active structurally homologous proteins. The best-studied of these, group IIA sPLA2, has a clear role in the physiological response to infection and minor injury and acts as an amplifier of pathological inflammation. The enzyme has been a target for anti-inflammatory drug development in multiple disorders where chronic inflammation is a driver of pathology since its cloning in 1989. Despite intensive effort, no clinically approved medicines targeting the enzyme activity have yet been developed. This review catalogues the major discoveries in the human group IIA sPLA2 field, focusing on features of enzyme function that may explain this lack of success and discusses future research that may assist in realizing the potential benefit of targeting this enzyme. Functionally-selective inhibitors together with isoform-selective inhibitors are necessary to limit the apparent toxicity of previous drugs. There is also a need to define the relevance of the catalytic function of hGIIA to human inflammatory pathology relative to its recently-discovered catalysis-independent function.

TMOD-26. MYC OVEREXPRESSION AND SMARCA4 LOSS IN GRANULE CELL PRECURSORS COOPERATE TO DRIVE MEDULLOBLASTOMA FORMATION IN MICE

Mutations in SMARCA4 are frequently identified in medulloblastoma, the most common pediatric malignant brain tumor. However, the functional significance of these mutations and their suitability as a therapeutic target remain largely unclear. Medulloblastomas are divided into 4 subgroups according to their localization, molecular biology, and clinical course: WNT, SHH, Group 3, and Group 4. Group 3 medulloblastomas are associated with the poorest outcome and frequently show amplifications of the oncogene MYC. Additionally, SMARCA4 is mutated in around 15 % of cases. The few mouse models developed for this entity so far all involve the overexpression of MYC, mostly in combination with other drivers. However, none of these models include alterations in Smarca4. In our approach, we combined an overexpression of MYC with a loss of SMARCA4 in granule cell precursors, which successfully induced tumor formation in mice. For this purpose, granule cell precursors were isolated from 7-day-old Math1-creER T2 ::Smarca4 fl/fl pups after tamoxifen induced loss of SMARCA4. MYC overexpression was achieved by lentiviral transduction and transduced cells were transplanted into immunodeficient CD1 nu/nu mice. Preliminary results within a small cohort showed tumor formation in 5/19 transplanted mice (26 %) after 6 months. Immunohistochemically, tumors all stained negative for SMARCA4. In a next step, additional cohorts will elucidate if tumor development is indeed accelerated by or even dependent on the loss of SMARCA4. Additionally, the neoplastic potential of tumor cells will be verified with the aid of secondary recipient mice. To evaluate to what extent the generated tumors are comparable to human Group 3 medulloblastomas, tumors will be extensively analyzed on a morphological, transcriptional, and epigenetic level. Altogether, we hope to establish a suitable mouse model for SMARCA4 mutated Group 3 medulloblastoma that will help to elucidate the role of SMARCA4 in tumor development and to identify new therapeutic targets.

The variable of gender and its interplay with mother tongue in the humor and laughter of bilingual couples

The variables of gender and mother tongue are usually considered independently in humor research. This article aims to explore the role of gender and its interplay with mother tongue in the production, reception, and assessment of humor among 10 bilingual, bicultural couples. It investigates whether the gender patterns commonly observed are also evident in these couples’ conversations, namely that women laugh more than men (Mehu, Marc & Robin I. M. Dunbar. 2008. Naturalistic observations of smiling and laughter in human group interactions. Behaviour 145(12). 1747–1780.), that women laugh more about men than the reverse (Jefferson, Gail. 2004. A note on laughter in ‘male-female’ interaction. Discourse Studies 6. 117–133. DOI:10.1177/1461445604039445.), and that men produce more humorous utterances than women do (Ross, Elaina M. & Jeffrey A. Hall. 2020. The traditional sexual script and humour in courtship. Humor: International Journal of Humor Research 33(2). 197–218. DOI:10.1515/humor-2019-0017.). On average, the female bilinguals produced 29.6% more laughter pulses and laughed 7.4% more frequently, and their laughter episodes were consistently longer than their partners’. However, the participants’ mother tongue was found to have a stronger influence on their production and reception of laughables than their gender, and the native speakers produced more successful laughables, despite their partners’ high level of L2 proficiency. Interestingly, the couples’ self-assessments often did not match their actual laughing behavior and appeared to be clearly gendered; no couple considered the female partner to be funnier, and several men even questioned their partner’s sense of humor, while male humor was often praised.

Fenomena Anggota Jemaat Pindah Gereja

The journal with the title The Phenomenon of Members of the Church Moving Church is a study based on the fact that many members of the congregation have changed churches. This becomes a reference for the author to research further with the aim of providing a clear picture to the congregation regarding church members changing churches. So that it does not become a negative perspective among the churches but instead becomes the best stimulant for positive perspectives to mutually improve. The research method used in this journal is a qualitative research method with descriptive methods. Descriptive research method is a research method in a human group, an object, a set of conditions, a system of thought, fact finding with the right interpretation. Descriptive research studies problems and compares certain phenomena in society and the procedures that apply in society so that it is a comparative study with indicators of primary and secondary reasons. And as a conclusion, it is both a secondary reason and a primary reason for members of the congregation to move churches but they are not motivated by hatred. ABSTRAKSIJurnal dengan judul Fenomena Anggota Jemaat Pindah Gereja merupakan suatu kajian yang dilatarbelakngi oleh banyaknya diantara anggota jemaat yang pindah gereja. Hal ini mejadi acuan bagi penulis untuk meneliti lebih jauh dengan tujuan untuk memberikan suatu gambaran yang gamblang kepada jemaat perihal anggota jemaat pindah gereja. Sehingga tidak menjadi perspektif negatif di antara gereja-gereja melainkan justru menjadi perangsang perspektif positif terbaik untuk sama-sama saling memperbaiki diri. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam jurnal ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Metode penelitian deskriptif adalah suatu metode penelitian dalam suatu kelompok manusia, suatu obyek, suatu set kondisi, suatu system pemikiran, pencarian fakta dengan intepretasi yang tepat. Penelitian deskriptif mempelajari masalah-masalah dan membandingkan fenomena-fenomena tertentu dalam masyarakat serta tata cara yang berlaku dalam masyarakat sehingga merupakan suatu studi komparatif dengan indikator alasan primer dan sekunder. Dan sebagai kesimpulan adalah baik alasan sekunder maupun alasan primer aggota jemaat boleh pindah gereja namun tidak dilatarbelakangi oleh suatu kebencian.