scholarly journals Effect of Morphine Administration on Social and Non-Social Play Behaviour in Calves

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mhairi Sutherland ◽  
Gemma Worth ◽  
Catherine Cameron ◽  
Else Verbeek
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Social Play ◽  
Play Behaviour ◽  
Morphine Administration ◽  
Positive Affective State ◽  
Arena Test

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of morphine on social and non‐socialplay behaviour in calves. Twelve calves experienced four treatments in a cross over 2 × 2 factorialdesign: Calves received an intravenous injection of morphine or saline 10 min prior to being testedindividually or in pairs in an arena for 20 min. Play behaviour was continuously recorded in thearena test. Lying times were recorded in the home pen. Cortisol concentrations were measuredbefore and after testing. In the arena test, calves given morphine tended to perform more social playevents than calves given saline, however, morphine administration had no effect on locomotor play.Calves given morphine spent less time lying than calves given saline during the first 4 h afterreturning to the home pen. Cortisol concentrations were suppressed in calves given morphine.Administration of morphine appeared to increase social play but had no effect on locomotor playin calves. This study highlights the importance of investigating different aspects of play behaviourin animals as some may be more indicative of a positive affective state than others. More studiesinvestigating the effects of morphine on play are needed to confirm the results found in this study.

Rearing substrate and space allowance influences locomotor play behaviour of dairy calves in an arena test

2014 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 8-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mhairi A. Sutherland ◽  
Gemma M. Worth ◽  
Karin E. Schütz ◽  
Mairi Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Play Behaviour ◽  
Arena Test

scholarly journals The Effect of Human–Horse Interactions on Equine Behaviour, Physiology, and Welfare: A Scoping Review

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2782
Author(s):  
Katherine Jennifer Kelly ◽  
Laurie Anne McDuffee ◽  
Kimberly Mears
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
Positive Affective State ◽  
Permanent Effect ◽  
Equine Welfare ◽  
Equine Industry ◽  
Negative Affective State

Human–horse interactions (HHIs) are diverse and prominent in the equine industry. Stakeholders have an invested interest in making sure that HHIs are humane. Assessment of equine welfare goes beyond physical health and includes assessment of the emotional state of the animal. HHIs can have a permanent effect on human–horse relationships, thereby influencing welfare. Therefore, an understanding of the horse’s affective state during HHIs is necessary. A scoping review was conducted to: (1) map current practices related to the measurement of HHIs; (2) explore the known effects of HHIs on horse behaviour and physiology; and (3) clarify the connection between HHIs and equine welfare. A total of 45 articles were included in this review. Studies that used both physiological and behavioural measures of equine response to human interactions accounted for 42% of the included studies. A further 31% exclusively used physiological measures and 27% used behavioural observation. Current evidence of equine welfare during HHIs is minimal and largely based on the absence of a negative affective state during imposed interactions. Broadening the scope of methods to evaluate a positive affective state and standardization of methodology to assess these states would improve the overall understanding of the horse’s welfare during HHIs.

scholarly journals Investigation of influence of growing pigs’ positive affective state on behavioral and physiological parameters using structural equation modeling

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja L Krugmann ◽  
Farina J Mieloch ◽  
Joachim Krieter ◽  
Irena Czycholl
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Body Language ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Behavioral Tests ◽  
Positive Affective State ◽  
Fattening Pigs

Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the primarily positive affective state of fattening pigs influences various behavioral and physiological parameters such as the pigs’ playing behavior, way of behaving in behavioral tests, body language signals, or diameter, and astroglia cell numbers of hippocampi, salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA) content, or salivary protein composition. Additionally, the suitability of the variables mentioned was examined to assess the pigs’ positive affective state in practice, which still constitutes a latent variable not itself measurable. For this, a dataset including behavioral and physiological data of 60 fattening pigs from 3 different farms with different housing systems was analyzed by the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) method. A hierarchical component model (HCM) was used including the pigs’ positive affective state as a higher-order component (HOC) and the behavioral and physiological parameters as lower-order components (LOC). Playing behavior, body language signals, and behavioral tests were revealed, in this order, to be most influenced by the pigs’ positive affective state since these resulted in the corresponding path coefficients (PC) of PC = 0.83, PC = 0.79, and PC = 0.62, respectively. Additionally moderate and weak R2-values occurred for the endogenous latent variables playing behavior (R2 = 69.8%), body language signals (R2 = 62.7%), and behavioral tests (R2 = 39.5%). Furthermore, the indicator of the “locomotor play” showed the highest indicator reliability (IR) (IR = 0.85) to estimate the latent variable of pigs’ positive affective state. The results of the present study supplement the comprehension and assessment of the pigs’ positive affective state in general.

Predatory Behaviour and Social Play in Kittens

Behaviour ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 76 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.M. Caro
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Social Play ◽  
Agonistic Behaviour ◽  
Motor Patterns ◽  
Predatory Behaviour ◽  
Play Behaviour ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis study relates changes in social play of kittens to the development of predatory behaviour. Firstly, it documents the development of predatory motor patterns in young cats between the age of 4 and 12 weeks. Correlations between measures of predatory behaviour were found to break down in the 8 to 12 week period of development. Secondly, it examines the development of social play over the same time course. Correlations between some measures of play were also found to break down between 8 and 12 weeks of age. Finally, measures of social play were correlated with measures of predatory behaviour before and after 8 weeks of age. Some measures of play were found to show increased correlations with predatory behaviour as kittens grew older, others were found to show less association with age. It is concluded that these changes in association between measures of play and predation probably reflect a reorganization of play behaviour. Different play patterns appeared to progressively come under separate types of control as kittens developed. Some patterns were becoming controlled by the same factors as those controlling predatory behaviour, others by those factors that control agonistic behaviour. In addition, the relationship between the timing of the onset of social play and predatory behaviour is examined.

scholarly journals Functional integrity of the habenula is necessary for social play behaviour in rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 3465-3475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda W. M. van Kerkhof ◽  
Ruth Damsteegt ◽  
Viviana Trezza ◽  
Pieter Voorn ◽  
Louk J. M. J. Vanderschuren
Keyword(s):  
Social Play ◽  
Functional Integrity ◽  
Play Behaviour

Morphine administration selectively facilitates social play in common marmosets

2002 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather J. Guard ◽  
John D. Newman ◽  
R. Lucille Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Social Play ◽  
Common Marmosets ◽  
Morphine Administration

scholarly journals The use of ball pits and playpens in laboratory Lister Hooded male rats induces ultrasonic vocalisations indicating a more positive affective state and can reduce the welfare impacts of aversive procedures

2022 ◽  
pp. 002367722110659
Author(s):  
Justyna K Hinchcliffe ◽  
Megan G Jackson ◽  
Emma SJ Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Emotional State ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Research Quality ◽  
Environmental Complexity ◽  
Preclinical Research ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Rigorous Research ◽  
Positive Affective State

The advancement and quality of science rely on research that is robust and unbiased in its experimental design, execution, analysis, and reproducibility. In preclinical research, a better understanding of animal emotions and refinement of their husbandry, housing, and handling are important goals in providing good animal welfare in a laboratory setting which underpins rigorous research quality. Induction of positive emotional state in animals is a key component of their well-being, and one approach is to increase their environmental complexity using, for example, ball pits or playpens in rats. In this study, we recorded 50 kHz ultrasonic vocalisations (USVs) during animals’ exposure to the ball pit and playpen. We have previously shown that 50 kHz USVs provide a graded and quantifiable measure of an animal’s emotional state, and here find that access to the ball pit and playpen increases 50 kHz USVs, indicative of a more positive affective state. Using our affective bias test (ABT) we next quantified the animals’ emotional response to an aversive intervention and whether this could be attenuated by access to a playpen. The playpen exposure completely mitigated the negative affective state induced by an anxiogenic drug when compared with animals who experienced the drug in the home cage. Together, these findings suggest ball pits and playpens provide a simple and effective method to improve the welfare of laboratory rats and reduce the cumulative suffering they experience from their housing conditions and minor, aversive procedures.

scholarly journals Involvement of orexin/hypocretin in the expression of social play behaviour in juvenile rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina J. Reppucci ◽  
Cassandra K. Gergely ◽  
Remco Bredewold ◽  
Alexa H. Veenema
Keyword(s):  
Social Play ◽  
Juvenile Rats ◽  
Play Behaviour

scholarly journals Are Behavioral Tests Capable of Measuring Positive Affective States in Growing Pigs?

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Krugmann ◽  
Farina Warnken ◽  
Joachim Krieter ◽  
Irena Czycholl
Keyword(s):  
Affective State ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Behavioral Tests ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Novel Object ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Positive Affective State ◽  
Fattening Pigs

This study examined whether the human approach test (HAT) or novel object test (NOT), which are considered as suitable tests for assessing the level of fear or anxiety in animals, are suitable to detect a positive affective state in 297 fattening pigs from three different farms. The investigated farms consisted of a barren (farm 1, n = 160) and an enriched (farm 2, n = 106; farm 3, n = 31) husbandry. Each pig was subjected three times to the HAT and NOT during fattening (at the start, middle, and end of fattening). The pigs housed in the barren environment showed quicker approach latencies than the enriched-housed pigs (HAT: farm 1: 7.4 ± 1.1 s vs. farm 2: 57.1 ± 1.1 s, respectively, farm 3: 58.3 ± 1.3 s (end of fattening); NOT: farm 1: 4.5 ± 1.1 s vs. farm 2: 23.0 ± 1.1 s, respectively, farm 3: 9.0 ± 1.2 s (end of fattening)). The same pattern of behavior was observed for the duration of contacts in the HAT but not in the NOT (HAT: farm 1: 83.8 ± 1.1 s vs. farm 2: 6.3 ± 1.1 s, respectively, farm 3: 7.6 ± 1.3 s (end of fattening)). However, due to controversially discussed literature, it is difficult to conclude whether the described differences in the pigs’ behavior between the two housing systems might indicate useful indicators to detect their affective state.

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