scholarly journals The Effect of Human–Horse Interactions on Equine Behaviour, Physiology, and Welfare: A Scoping Review

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2782
Author(s):  
Katherine Jennifer Kelly ◽  
Laurie Anne McDuffee ◽  
Kimberly Mears
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
Positive Affective State ◽  
Permanent Effect ◽  
Equine Welfare ◽  
Equine Industry ◽  
Negative Affective State

Human–horse interactions (HHIs) are diverse and prominent in the equine industry. Stakeholders have an invested interest in making sure that HHIs are humane. Assessment of equine welfare goes beyond physical health and includes assessment of the emotional state of the animal. HHIs can have a permanent effect on human–horse relationships, thereby influencing welfare. Therefore, an understanding of the horse’s affective state during HHIs is necessary. A scoping review was conducted to: (1) map current practices related to the measurement of HHIs; (2) explore the known effects of HHIs on horse behaviour and physiology; and (3) clarify the connection between HHIs and equine welfare. A total of 45 articles were included in this review. Studies that used both physiological and behavioural measures of equine response to human interactions accounted for 42% of the included studies. A further 31% exclusively used physiological measures and 27% used behavioural observation. Current evidence of equine welfare during HHIs is minimal and largely based on the absence of a negative affective state during imposed interactions. Broadening the scope of methods to evaluate a positive affective state and standardization of methodology to assess these states would improve the overall understanding of the horse’s welfare during HHIs.

Exploring the motivation of affect management in fostering social media engagement and related insights for branding

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-83
Author(s):  
Fathima Zahara Saleem ◽  
Oriol Iglesias
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Affective State ◽  
User Engagement ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Social Media Engagement ◽  
Positive Affective State ◽  
Personal Trauma ◽  
Negative Affective State

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present an affect-based perspective to explain levels of social media engagement. Design/methodology/approach This study uses face-to-face long interviews and online observation of the Facebook profiles of respondents over an eight-month period. Findings Social media engagement varies depending on a user’s current and desired affective state. When individuals are in a low to moderately aroused negative affective state (such as feeling bored or upset), individuals tend to spend time passively consuming content: the lowest level of engagement. In a low to moderately aroused positive mood state (such as happiness), users both passively consume and actively participate with relevant content by liking and commenting on existing content. When users are in a highly aroused positive affective state, the propensity to create original content is greater, reflecting the highest level of engagement. When users are in a highly aroused negative affective state (such as being angry at a brand), users are motivated to vent on social media to manage the mood. Conversely, when users are in a highly aroused negative affective state related to personal trauma, the avoidance of engagement on social media is evident. Practical implications Brands can increase the likelihood of consumers creating positive consumer–brand stories offline and online by priming consumer affect. Originality/value This study explores how a desired affective state motivates varying levels of user engagement with different types of content on social media.

scholarly journals A break from the pups: The effects of loft access on the welfare of lactating laboratory rats

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0253020
Author(s):  
Anna S. Ratuski ◽  
Daniel M. Weary
Keyword(s):  
Affective State ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Positive Affective State ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Measured Time ◽  
Anticipatory Behavior ◽  
Time Away ◽  
Negative Affective State

Rats (Rattus norvegicus) bred for research are typically confined with their litters until weaning, but will spend time away from pups when given the opportunity. We aimed to assess how dam welfare is affected by the ability to escape from their pups. Rat dams (n = 16) were housed in cages either with or without an elevated loft. We measured time dams spent in lofts, time spent nursing, and affective states using elevated plus maze and anticipatory behavior testing. We predicted that 1) dams housed with lofts would use them increasingly as pups aged, 2) dams without a loft would spend more time passively nursing (i.e. initiated by pups rather than the dam) and more total time nursing as pups aged, and 3) dams housed with lofts would show evidence of a more positive affective state. Dams housed with lofts spent more time in the loft with increasing pup age; dams spent on average (mean ± SE) 27 ± 5% of their time in the loft when pups were 1 wk old, increasing to 52 ± 5% of their time at 3 wks. When pups were 3 wks old, dams with lofts spent less time passively nursing (10 ± 2% of total time, compared to 27 ± 4% for dams without a loft) and less time nursing overall (36 ± 4% of time versus 59 ± 2% for dams without a loft). Rats without loft access showed increased anticipatory behavior potentially indicative of negative affective state (24.5±1.8 behaviors per minute in wk 3 compared to 18.8±1.0 in wk 1). These findings indicate that rat dams in laboratories choose to spend time away from their pups when provided the opportunity, particularly later in lactation; an inability to do so is associated with increased passive nursing and negative affect.

scholarly journals Needling Interventions for Sciatica: Choosing Methods Based on Neuropathic Pain Mechanisms—A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2189
Author(s):  
Thomas Perreault ◽  
César Fernández-de-las-Peñas ◽  
Mike Cummings ◽  
Barry C. Gendron
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Reference Lists ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Dry Needling ◽  
Pain Mechanisms ◽  
Literature Searches ◽  
Cochrane Database

Sciatica is a condition often accompanied by neuropathic pain (NP). Acupuncture and dry needling are common treatments for pain, and the current literature supports acupuncture as an effective treatment for sciatica. However, it is unknown if the mechanisms of NP are considered in the delivery of needling interventions for sciatica. Our objective was to assess the efficacy and the effectiveness of needling therapies, to identify common needling practices and to investigate if NP mechanisms are considered in the treatment of sciatica. A scoping review of the literature on needling interventions for sciatica and a review of the literature on mechanisms related to NP and needling interventions were performed. Electronic literature searches were conducted on PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from inception to August, 2020 to identify relevant papers. Reference lists of included papers were also manually screened and a related-articles search through PubMed was performed on all included articles. Mapping of the results included description of included studies, summary of results, and identification of gaps in the existing literature. Ten articles were included. All studies used acupuncture for the treatment of sciatica, no studies on dry needling were identified. Current evidence supports the efficacy and effectiveness of acupuncture for sciatica, however, no studies considered underlying NP mechanisms in the acupuncture approach for sciatica and the rationale for using acupuncture was inconsistent among trials. This review reveals that neuropathic pain mechanisms are not routinely considered in needling approaches for patients with sciatica. Studies showed acupuncture to be an effective treatment for sciatic pain, however, further research is warranted to explore if needling interventions for sciatica and NP would be more effective if NP mechanisms are considered.

scholarly journals Creating Dementia-Friendly Communities for Social Inclusion: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 233372142110135
Author(s):  
Lillian Hung ◽  
Allison Hudson ◽  
Mario Gregorio ◽  
Lynn Jackson ◽  
Jim Mann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Education Practice ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Index Terms ◽  
Inclusion Methods

Aims: This scoping review explores key strategies of creating inclusive dementia-friendly communities that support people with dementia and their informal caregiver. Background: Social exclusion is commonly reported by people with dementia. Dementia-friendly community has emerged as an idea with potential to contribute to cultivating social inclusion. Methods: This scoping review follows the Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review methodology and took place between April and September 2020. The review included a three-step search strategy: (1) identifying keywords from CINAHL and AgeLine; (2) conducting a second search using all identified keywords and index terms across selected databases (CINAHL, AgeLine, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Google); and (3) hand-searching the reference lists of all included articles and reports for additional studies. Results: Twenty-nine papers were included in the review. Content analysis identified strategies for creating dementia-friendly communities: (a) active involvement of people with dementia and caregivers (b) inclusive environmental design; (c) public education to reduce stigma and raise awareness; and (d) customized strategies informed by theory. Conclusion: This scoping review provides an overview of current evidence on strategies supporting dementia-friendly communities for social inclusion. Future efforts should apply implementation science theories to inform strategies for education, practice, policy and future research.

scholarly journals Complex Lifestyle and Psychological Intervention in Knee Osteoarthritis: Scoping Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12757
Author(s):  
Bryan Yijia Tan ◽  
Tivona Thach ◽  
Yasmin Lynda Munro ◽  
Soren Thorgaard Skou ◽  
Julian Thumboo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Psychological Intervention ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Knee Oa

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) causes pain, disability and poor quality of life in the elderly. The primary aim was to identify and map out the current evidence for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on complex lifestyle and psychosocial interventions for knee OA. The secondary aim was to outline different components of complex lifestyle and psychosocial interventions. Our scoping review searched five databases from 2000 to 2021 where complex lifestyle or psychosocial interventions for patients with knee OA were compared to other interventions. Screening and data extraction were performed by two review authors independently and discrepancies resolved through consensus and in parallel with a third reviewer. A total of 38 articles were selected: 9 studied the effectiveness of psychological interventions; 11 were on self-management and lifestyle interventions; 18 looked at multifaceted interventions. This review highlights the substantial variation in knee OA interventions and the overall lack of quality in the current literature. Potential areas of future research, including identifying prognostic social factors, stratified care models, transdisciplinary care delivery and technology augmented interventions, have been identified. Further high-quality RCTs utilizing process evaluations and economic evaluation in accordance with the MRC guidelines are critical for the development of evidence-based knee OA programs globally.

scholarly journals The Parenting Education Needs of Women Experiencing Incarceration in South Australia: Proposal for a Mixed Methods Study

10.2196/18992 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e18992
Author(s):  
Belinda Lovell ◽  
Mary Steen ◽  
Adrian Esterman ◽  
Angela Brown
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Education Program ◽  
Research Training ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Parenting Education ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Torres Strait ◽  
Education Needs

Background The mother-child relationship is extremely important, and for mothers experiencing incarceration, this relationship has unique challenges. There is limited evidence currently available to identify the type and content of parenting education that would best suit women who are incarcerated. Objective This study aims to design and evaluate a parent education program for women experiencing incarceration in South Australia. The program must meet the specific needs of incarcerated women and considers the cultural needs of Aboriginal and or Torres Strait Islanders and migrant women. Hereafter Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander peoples will be referred to as Aboriginal; the authors acknowledge the diversity within Aboriginal cultures. Methods This study will utilize a mixed methods approach, including six phases framed by a community-based theoretical model. This methodology provides a collaborative approach between the researcher and the community to empower the women experiencing incarceration, allowing their parenting education needs to be addressed. Results A scoping review was undertaken to inform this study protocol. This paper describes and discusses the protocol for this mixed methods study. Recruiting commenced in December 2019, results will be published in 2020, and the project will be completed by August 2022. This project has been supported by a Research Training Scholarship from the Australian Government. Conclusions The scoping review highlighted a lack of rigorous evidence to determine the most appropriate parenting education program to suit women experiencing incarceration specifically, and there was little consideration for the cultural needs of women. It also became clear that when quantitative and qualitative data are utilized, the women’s voices can assist in the determination of what works, what will not work, and what can be improved. The data collected and analyzed during this study, as well as the current evidence, will assist in the development of a specific parenting education program to meet the needs of women experiencing incarceration in South Australia and will be implemented and evaluated as part of the study. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/18992

scholarly journals Antibiotic prophylaxis for surgical procedures: a scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Eva Brocard ◽  
Ludovic Reveiz ◽  
Jean-Philippe Régnaux ◽  
Veronica Abdala ◽  
Pilar Ramón-Pardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Antibiotic Administration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Surgical Antibiotic Prophylaxis

Objectives. To map the current evidence on surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) administration and identify knowledge gaps in the literature available in this field. Methods. The PubMed, Cochrane Library, Epistemonikos, and Health Systems Evidence databases were searched from January 2015 to March 2020 for systematic reviews published in English, French, Portuguese, and Spanish. Results. Eighty-three systematic reviews were included, the quality of the reviews was assessed using AMSTAR 2, and data were extracted for all primary outcomes. Perioperative antibiotic administration, the use of first generation cephalosporins, and surgical site infection (SSI) were the most commonly reported for timing of antibiotic administration, drug class, and primary outcome, respectively. Findings showed that, overall, SAP may reduce SSIs compared with a placebo or with no SAP. Results suggested that intraoperative SAP may lower SSI, while postoperative SAP did not show a statistically significant difference. Conclusions. Findings have confirmed the role of SAP in reducing postoperative SSI across various surgeries and do not support the use of antibiotics after surgery to prevent infections. The findings of this scoping review have enhanced the evidence base that can inform decisions regarding the development of global guidelines for the prevention of SSI. However, high-quality systematic reviews and research reflecting diverse populations and settings are needed.

Contemplating the Five Domains model of animal welfare assessment: UK horse owner perceptions of equine well-being

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-268
Author(s):  
KA Fletcher ◽  
LJ Cameron ◽  
M Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Equine Welfare ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Sentient Beings ◽  
Horse Owners

Traditionally, assessment of animal welfare generally focused on physiological signs of health with less consideration of psychological well-being. More recently, the Five Domains model highlighted the concept of all aspects of an animal's life influencing their affective state. In equestrianism, however, there is a lack of awareness of the Five Domains model and, specifically, how different factors may affect the mental well-being of horses (Equus caballus). This divide between scientific research and lay horse owners could compromise equine welfare by failing to recognise horses as sentient beings with species-specific needs. The present study therefore aimed to explore how evidence-based information can be effectively communicated to equestrians (n = 259) through an online survey and whether increased knowledge of equine welfare needs has any impact on horse caregivers' assessment of their own horses' quality of life. Results showed that a simple educational infographic based on the Five Domains model had a significant impact on equestrians' assessment of equine welfare, although longitudinal, empirical studies are needed. Scores on a Likert scale for health, behaviour/human interactions and overall welfare were significantly lower following the intervention but scores for emotional well-being were significantly higher. This may suggest that, whilst the infographic increased participant awareness of the importance of emotional state and the factors affecting welfare, there were difficulties or inconsistencies in objectively assessing these emotions. This highlights the need for equine welfare science to be communicated more proactively to horse owners in an accessible, engaging format.

Mindfulness and Executive Functioning in Preadolescents and Adolescents: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 7512515329p1-7512515329p1
Author(s):  
Rebecca Mariel Rutta ◽  
Shamta Kumar ◽  
Varada Pisharody ◽  
Kaitlyn Cecilia Irwin ◽  
Nancy Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Mindfulness Interventions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Primary Author

Abstract Date Presented Accepted for AOTA INSPIRE 2021 but unable to be presented due to online event limitations. Executive functions, including attention and regulation, are relevant to successful participation in complex occupations. A scoping review was conducted to summarize and evaluate current evidence for the impact of mindfulness on the attention and regulation skills of preadolescents and adolescents. Findings suggest early promise of mindfulness interventions in improving these skills in the target population. However, firm conclusions cannot be drawn due to low trustworthiness of the evidence. Primary Author and Speaker: Rebecca Mariel Rutta Additional Authors and Speakers: Shamta Kumar, Varada Pisharody, and Kaitlyn Cecilia Irwin Contributing Authors: Nancy Baker, Elizabeth Marfeo, and Margaret Morris

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document