scholarly journals A VetCompass Australia Study of Antimicrobial Use in Dog-to-Dog Bite Wounds (1998–2018)

Antibiotics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Nicole Jacqueline Kalnins ◽  
Catriona Croton ◽  
Mark Haworth ◽  
Justine Gibson ◽  
Sarah Leonie Purcell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Location ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Dog Bite ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Prescribing Habits ◽  
Crossed Random Effects ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Bite Wounds

Although dog-to-dog bite wounds (DBW) are a common presentation to veterinary clinics, antimicrobial prescribing habits of Australian clinics have not been reported. This study determined the frequency and results of DBW cultures; antimicrobial selection; and importance class of antimicrobials prescribed relative to wound severity, geographic location, or year. A systematic sample of 72,507 patient records was retrieved from the VetCompass Australia database. Records for 1713 dog bite events involving 1655 dogs were reviewed for presenting signs, results of culture and susceptibility testing (C&S), antimicrobial treatment, geographical location, and outcome. A crossed random effects multivariable logistic regression model was used to determine if antimicrobial importance was associated with wound severity, year, and location, and to assess the differences in antimicrobial prescription between geographical locations, clinics, and veterinarians. Antimicrobials were prescribed in 86.1% of DBW. Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid was prescribed in 70% (1202/1713) with underdosing in 15.8% (191/1202). High-importance antimicrobial use was associated with wound severity (p < 0.001), year category (p = 0.007), and surgery (p = 0.03). C&S testing was recorded as having been performed in only one case. Differences in individual veterinarian prescribing habits were stronger than the clinic culture, suggesting that education utilizing clinic-wide antimicrobial guidelines may aid in improving antimicrobial stewardship.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Use Associated with Laboratory-Confirmed Cases ofCampylobacterInfection in Two Health Units in Ontario

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. e16-e21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne E Deckert ◽  
Richard J Reid-Smith ◽  
Susan E Tamblyn ◽  
Larry Morrell ◽  
Patrick Seliske ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Fecal Culture ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

AIM: A population-based study was conducted over a two-year period in the Perth District (PD) and Wellington-Dufferin-Guelph (WDG) health units in Ontario to document antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial use associated with clinical cases of laboratory-confirmed campylobacteriosis.METHODS: Etest (bioMérieux SA, France) was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin (CIP), clindamycin, erythromycin (ERY), gentamicin, nalidixic acid and tetracycline. Data regarding antimicrobial use were collected from 250 cases.RESULTS: Of the 250 cases, 165 (65.7%) reported staying home or being hospitalized due to campylobacteriosis. Fifty-four per cent of cases (135 of 249) reported taking antimicrobials to treat campylobacteriosis. In 115 cases (51.1%), fecal culture results were not used for treatment decisions because they were not available before the initiation of antimicrobial treatment and/or they were not available before the cessation of symptoms. Of the 250 cases, 124 (49.6%) had availableCampylobacterisolates, of which 66 (53.2%) were resistant to at least one of the antimicrobials tested. No resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol or gentamicin was found in these isolates. Six isolates (4.8%) were resistant to CIP. Two isolates (1.6%) were resistant to ERY; however, no isolates were resistant to both CIP and ERY.CONCLUSION: Prudent use practices should be promoted among physicians to reduce the use of antimicrobials for the treatment of gastroenteritis in general and campylobacteriosis in particular, as well as to minimize the future development of resistance to these antimicrobials inCampylobacterspecies.

Cannabis Growers in the United States: Findings From a National Household Survey 2010−2014

2021 ◽  
pp. 002204262110004
Author(s):  
Alejandro Azofeifa ◽  
Rosalie L. Pacula ◽  
Margaret E. Mattson
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Prevention Education ◽  
The Past ◽  
National Household Survey ◽  
Using Data

Given the rapidly changing U.S. cannabis legislation landscape, the aim of this article is to describe individuals who self-reported growing cannabis in the past year by selected characteristics and geographical location. Using data from 2010 to 2014 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, we conducted bivariate chi-square tests and ran a multivariable logistic regression model to examine the indicators associated with growing cannabis. Approximately, 484,000 individuals aged 12+ self-reported growing cannabis in the past year (1.6% of marijuana users). Predictors of growing cannabis included being male and self-reported reporting using cannabis for a greater number of days. Data showed differences in the proportion of cannabis growers by the state of residence. Obtaining a baseline estimate of cannabis growing practices prior to recreational cannabis markets emerging (2014) is important because such practices may undermine efforts to discourage diversion to youth. Tracking these acquisition patterns will better inform content for public health messaging and prevention education, particularly those targeting youth.

Urine Cultures among Hospitalized Veterans: Casting Too Broad a Net?

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 574-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitri M. Drekonja ◽  
Christina Gnadt ◽  
Michael A. Kuskowski ◽  
James R. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
High Count ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients

Since detection of asymptomatic bacteriuria among inpatients often leads to inappropriate antimicrobial treatment, we studied why urine cultures were ordered and correlates of treatment. Most cultures were obtained from patients without urinary complaints and a minority from asymptomatic patients. High-count bacteriuria, not clinical manifestations, appeared to trigger most antimicrobial use.

Principles of Judicious Use of Antimicrobial Agents for Pediatric Upper Respiratory Tract Infections

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 101 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 163-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott F. Dowell ◽  
S. Michael Marcy ◽  
William R. Phillips ◽  
Michael A. Gerber ◽  
Benjamin Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
The United States ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Oral Agents ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

This article introduces a set of principles to define judicious antimicrobial use for five conditions that account for the majority of outpatient antimicrobial use in the United States. Data from the National Center for Health Statistics indicate that in recent years, approximately three fourths of all outpatient antibiotics have been prescribed for otitis media, sinusitis, bronchitis, pharyngitis, or nonspecific upper respiratory tract infection.1Antimicrobial drug use rates are highest for children1; therefore, the pediatric age group represents the focus for the present guidelines. The evidence-based principles presented here are focused on situations in which antimicrobial therapy could be curtailed without compromising patient care. They are not formulated as comprehensive management strategies. For most upper respiratory infections that require antimicrobial treatment, there are several appropriate oral agents from which to choose. Although the general principles of selecting narrow-spectrum agents with the fewest side effects and lowest cost are important, the principles that follow include few specific antibiotic selection recommendations.

Comparison of primary and delayed wound closure of dog-bite wounds

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (03) ◽  
pp. 204-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Xiaowei ◽  
X. Yunbei ◽  
L. Zhenhua ◽  
Y. Yeqing ◽  
Y. Jiaqi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Primary Closure ◽  
Wound Closure ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Dog Bite ◽  
Cosmetic Appearance ◽  
Primary Wound Closure ◽  
Bite Wounds ◽  
Delayed Closure ◽  
Closure Group

Summary Background: Primary bite wound suturing in the emergency department remains controversial in some cases. Objective: We conducted a study to investigate the infection rate and cosmetic appearance between primary wound closure and delayed wound closure in dog bite wounds in humans. Methods: All patients with bite wounds were treated with oral antibiotic medications. We adopted a randomized cohort study, dividing the patients who needed wound closure into two groups: 60 patients for primary closure, and 60 patients for delayed closure, and compared the infection rate and wound cosmetic appearance scores. Results: In the primary closure group, four people (6.7%) developed a wound infection without systemic infection. In the delayed closure group, three people (5%) developed a wound infection (p = 0.093), but there were not any patients that developed a systemic infection. Thirty-three patients (55%) in the primary closure group had optimal cosmetic scores, whereas 20 patients (33.3%) in the delayed closure group had optimal cosmetic scores (p = 0.012). Conclusion: Although primary wound closure for dog bites may be associated with a higher infection rate, the cosmetic appearance after primary closure was still acceptable.

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