scholarly journals L-Carnosine Stimulation of Coenzyme Q10 Biosynthesis Promotes Improved Mitochondrial Function and Decreases Hepatic Steatosis in Diabetic Conditions

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 793
Author(s):  
Cheng Schwank-Xu ◽  
Elisabete Forsberg ◽  
Magnus Bentinger ◽  
Allan Zhao ◽  
Ishrath Ansurudeen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Diabetes Complications ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Coenzyme Q ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Mitochondrial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes leads to oxidative stress, which drives disease progression and diabetes complications. L-carnosine, an endogenous dipeptide, improves metabolic control, wound healing and kidney function in animal models of type 2 diabetes. Coenzyme Q (CoQ), a component of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, possesses similar protective effects on diabetes complications. We aimed to study the effect of carnosine on CoQ, and assess any synergistic effects of carnosine and CoQ on improved mitochondrial function in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes. Carnosine enhanced CoQ gene expression and increased hepatic CoQ biosynthesis in db/db mice, a type 2 diabetes model. Co-administration of Carnosine and CoQ improved mitochondrial function, lowered ROS formation and reduced signs of oxidative stress. Our work suggests that carnosine exerts beneficial effects on hepatic CoQ synthesis and when combined with CoQ, improves mitochondrial function and cellular redox balance in the liver of diabetic mice. (4) Conclusions: L-carnosine has beneficial effects on oxidative stress both alone and in combination with CoQ on hepatic mitochondrial function in an obese type 2 diabetes mouse model.

scholarly journals Beneficial Effects of Ramipril Treatment on Diastolic Function, Structural Remodelling and Apoptosis in a Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. S45-S46
Author(s):  
K. Huynh ◽  
H. Kiriazis ◽  
X. Du ◽  
J. Love ◽  
K. Jandeleit-Dahm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Diastolic Function ◽  
Beneficial Effects

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Iridoid Glycoside from Corni Fructus on Type 2 Diabetes with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Dou Niu ◽  
Xue Chen ◽  
Ting Wang ◽  
Fuxing Wang ◽  
Qiusheng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Iridoid Glycosides ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Novel Target ◽  
Corni Fructus

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common chronic metabolic disease. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) shares common typical features with T2DM, and they affect each other extensively. Thus, NAFLD has emerged as a novel target for T2DM prevention and care. Although Corni Fructus (CF) and its extracts have a therapeutic effect on T2DM, its effects and mechanisms on T2DM with NAFLD are far from elucidated. In this study, a mouse model of T2DM with NAFLD complication was established in ICR mice by feeding a high-fat, high-sugar (HFHS) diet and intraperitoneally injecting with a low dose of streptozotocin (STZ). Then, the effects of iridoid glycosides (IG) extracted from CF on this mouse model were investigated. We found that 4-week IG administration remarkably alleviated hyperglycemia and insulin resistance and significantly reduced inflammation, oxidative stress, and fat accumulation in the liver of T2DM with NAFLD mice. Further studies showed that IG inhibited the NF-κB but enhanced the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. In summary, these results indicated that the IG from CF has potential therapeutic effects on T2DM with NAFLD.

Glycemic Variability, Oxidative Stress and Impact on Complications Related to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Valente ◽  
Alberto K. Arbex
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Diabetes Complications ◽  
Glycemic Variability ◽  
Established Risk Factor ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽  
Hba1c Target

: Chronic hyperglycemia is an established risk factor for the development of complications in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, but glycemic variability has emerged as a possible independent risk factor for diabetes complications, possibly throughout oxidative stress. In this review we discuss methods to access glycemic variability and oxidative stress, as well as their correlations. We also debate non-pharmacological and pharmacological strategies to achieve a better glycemic control, not only by HbA1c target, but also with reduced glycemic fluctuations, possibly minimizing the risk of diabetes complications.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular benefits of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in diabetic and nondiabetic patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Boyang Xiang ◽  
Xiaoya Zhao ◽  
Xiang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Sodium Glucose Cotransporter ◽  
Outcome Trial

AbstractSodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) were developed as antidiabetic agents, but accumulating evidence has shown their beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system. Analyses of the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial (Empagliflozin Cardiovascular Outcome Event Trial in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients) suggested that these benefits are independent of glycemic control. Several large-scale outcome trials of SGLT2i also showed cardiovascular benefits in nondiabetic patients, strengthening this perspective. Extensive animal and clinical studies have likewise shown that mechanisms other than the antihyperglycemic effect underlie the cardiovascular benefits. Recent clinical guidelines recommend the use of SGLT2i in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases because of the proven cardiovascular protective effects. Since the cardiovascular benefits are independent of glycemic control, the therapeutic spectrum of SGLT2i will likely be extended to nondiabetic patients.

scholarly journals Empagliflozin prevents cardiomyopathy via sGC-cGMP-PKG pathway in type 2 diabetes mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 133 (15) ◽  
pp. 1705-1720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Xue ◽  
Ting Li ◽  
Yue Wang ◽  
Yunpeng Chang ◽  
Ying Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Soluble Guanylate Cyclase ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Guanosine Monophosphate ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Urinary Glucose

Abstract Cardiovascular complications contribute to the major mortality and morbidity in type 2 diabetes. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is increasingly recognized as an important cause of heart failure. EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial has reported that empagliflozin, the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, exerts cardiovascular benefits on diabetic population. However, the mechanism by which empagliflozin alleviates DCM still remains unclear. In the current study, we investigated the cardiac protective effects of empagliflozin on spontaneous type 2 diabetic db/db mice and its potential mechanism. Eight weeks of empagliflozin treatment (10 mg/kg/day) decreased body weight and blood glucose level, and increased urinary glucose excretion (UGE) in diabetic mice. Echocardiography revealed that both systolic and diastolic functions of db/db mice were also obviously improved by empagliflozin. Furthermore, empagliflozin-treated diabetic mice presented with amelioration of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. In addition, diabetic hearts exhibited the deterioration of oxidative stress, apoptosis and pyroptosis, while these effects were significantly counteracted after empagliflozin treatment. Moreover, empagliflozin rescued diabetes-induced suppression of sGC (soluble guanylate cyclase enzyme)-cGMP (cyclic guanosine monophosphate)-PKG (cGMP-dependent protein kinase) pathway. However, when sGC-β expression of hearts was inhibited by transvascular delivery of small interfering RNA, cardiac dysfunction was aggravated and the advantages of empagliflozin were reversed through inhibiting sGC-cGMP-PKG pathway. Collectively, these findings indicate that empagliflozin improves cardiac function involving the inhibition of oxidative stress-induced injury via sGC-cGMP-PKG pathway and may be a promising therapeutic option for DCM.

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