A Robust Adaptive Overcurrent Relay Coordination Scheme for Wind-Farm-Integrated Power Systems Based on Forecasting the Wind Dynamics for Smart Energy Systems

Conventional protection schemes in the distribution system are liable to suffer from high penetration of renewable energy source-based distributed generation (RES-DG). The characteristics of RES-DG, such as wind turbine generators (WTGs), are stochastic due to the intermittent behavior of wind dynamics (WD). It can fluctuate the fault current level, which in turn creates the overcurrent relay coordination (ORC) problem. In this paper, the effects of WD such as wind speed and direction on the short-circuit current contribution from a WTG is investigated, and a robust adaptive overcurrent relay coordination scheme is proposed by forecasting the WD. The seasonal autoregression integrated moving average (SARIMA) and artificial neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) are implemented for forecasting periodic and nonperiodic WD, respectively, and the fault current level is calculated in advance. Furthermore, the ORC problem is optimized using hybrid Harris hawks optimization and linear programming (HHO–LP) to minimize the operating times of relays. The proposed algorithm is tested on the modified IEEE-8 bus system with wind farms, and the overcurrent relay (OCR) miscoordination caused by WD is eliminated. To further prove the effectiveness of the algorithm, it is also tested in a typical wind-farm-integrated substation. Compared to conventional protection schemes, the results of the proposed scheme were found to be promising in fault isolation with a remarkable reduction in the total operation time of relays and zero miscoordination.

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Suppression of Short-Circuit Fault Current Level in a Multi-Terminal Wind Farm VSC-HVDC System using Resistive-Type DC Superconducting Fault Current Limiters

2020 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1109/ias44978.2020.9334853 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mojtaba Shivaie ◽

Alireza Sadeghi ◽

Pourya Rezaei ◽

Meisam Ansari

Keyword(s):

Wind Farm ◽

Short Circuit ◽

Current Level ◽

Fault Current ◽

Hvdc System ◽

Fault Current Limiters ◽

Resistive Type ◽

Short Circuit Fault

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Restoration of Directional Overcurrent Relay Coordination in Distributed Generation Systems Utilizing Fault Current Limiter

IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery ◽

10.1109/tpwrd.2008.915778 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 576-585 ◽

Cited By ~ 169

Author(s):

W. El-Khattam ◽

T.S. Sidhu

Keyword(s):

Distributed Generation ◽

Fault Current ◽

Fault Current Limiter ◽

Relay Coordination ◽

Overcurrent Relay ◽

Current Limiter

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Mitigation of DGs Impact on Variable-Topology Meshed Network Protection System by Optimal Fault Current Limiters Considering Overcurrent Relay Coordination

Electric Power Systems Research ◽

10.1016/j.epsr.2020.106417 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 186 ◽

pp. 106417 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. Elmitwally ◽

M.S. Kandil ◽

E. Gouda ◽

A. Amer

Keyword(s):

Protection System ◽

Fault Current ◽

Network Protection ◽

Relay Coordination ◽

Overcurrent Relay ◽

Variable Topology ◽

Fault Current Limiters

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Optimal Overcurrent Relay Coordination Scheme for Microgrid

2020 21st National Power Systems Conference (NPSC) ◽

10.1109/npsc49263.2020.9331890 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Suman Biswal ◽

Nikhil Kumar Sharma ◽

S. R. Samantaray

Keyword(s):

Coordination Scheme ◽

Relay Coordination ◽

Overcurrent Relay

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Hybrid Protection Scheme Based Optimal Overcurrent Relay Coordination Strategy for RE Integrated Power Distribution Grid

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14217192 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (21) ◽

pp. 7192

Author(s):

Aayush Shrivastava ◽

Abhishek Sharma ◽

Manjaree Pandit ◽

Vibhu Jately ◽

Brian Azzopardi

Keyword(s):

Distributed Generation ◽

Power Distribution ◽

Computational Time ◽

Fault Current ◽

Solar Photovoltaic ◽

Fault Current Limiter ◽

Protection Strategy ◽

Protection Scheme ◽

Relay Coordination ◽

Overcurrent Relay

A directional overcurrent relay is commonly used to protect the power distribution networks of a distributed system. The selection of the appropriate settings for the relays is an important component of the protection strategies used to isolate the faulty parts of the system. The rapid growth of distributed generation (DG) systems present new challenges to these protection schemes. The effect of solar photovoltaic power plants on relay coordination is studied initially in this research work. A protection strategy was formulated to guarantee that the increased penetration of solar photovoltaic (PV) plants does not affect the relay coordination time. This paper addresses these issues associated with a high penetration of DG through the use of a hybrid protection scheme. The protection strategy is divided into two parts. The first part is based on an optimal fault current limiter value estimated with respect to constraints and the optimal time multiplier setting, and then the coordination time interval is estimated with respect to constraint in Part II. The results of these analyses show that a hybrid protection scheme can effectively handle the complexity of distributed generation (DG) and dynamic relay coordination problems. In this research, three optimization algorithms have been used for calculating the estimated value of impedance fault current limiter (Zfcl) and time multiplier setting (TMS). The response time of hybrid protection schemes is very important. If the computational time of their proposed algorithms is less than their actual computational time, then their response time to address the issue is also less. The performance in all algorithms was identified to arrive at a conclusion that the grey wolf optimized algorithm (GWO) algorithm can substantially reduce the computational time needed to implement hybrid protection algorithms. The GWO algorithm takes a computational time of 0.946 s, achieving its feasible solution in less than 1 s.

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