scholarly journals Uncertainties in the Seismic Assessment of Historical Masonry Buildings

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2280
Author(s):  
Igor Tomić ◽  
Francesco Vanin ◽  
Katrin Beyer
Keyword(s):  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Stone Masonry ◽  
Seismic Fragility ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Plane Failure ◽  
Linear Connections ◽  
Displacement Capacity ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Historical Masonry

Seismic assessments of historical masonry buildings are affected by several sources of epistemic uncertainty. These are mainly the material and the modelling parameters and the displacement capacity of the elements. Additional sources of uncertainty lie in the non-linear connections, such as wall-to-wall and floor-to-wall connections. Latin Hypercube Sampling was performed to create 400 sets of 11 material and modelling parameters. The proposed approach is applied to historical stone masonry buildings with timber floors, which are modelled by an equivalent frame approach using a newly developed macroelement accounting for both in-plane and out-of-plane failure. Each building is modelled first with out-of-plane behaviour enabled and non-linear connections, and then with out-of-plane behaviour disabled and rigid connections. For each model and set of parameters, incremental dynamic analyses are performed until building failure and seismic fragility curves derived. The key material and modelling parameters influencing the performance of the buildings are determined based on the peak ground acceleration at failure, type of failure and failure location. This study finds that the predicted PGA at failure and the failure mode and location is as sensitive to the properties of the non-linear connections as to the material and displacement capacity parameters, indicating that analyses must account for this uncertainty to accurately assess the in-plane and out-of-plane failure modes of historical masonry buildings. It also shows that modelling the out-of-plane behaviour produces a significant impact on the seismic fragility curves.

Seismic fragility of regular masonry buildings for in-plane and out-of-plane failure

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 689-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fillitsa Karantoni ◽  
Georgios Tsionis ◽  
Foteini Lyrantzaki ◽  
Michael N. Fardis
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Fragility ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Plane Failure ◽  
Out Of Plane

Seismic Vulnerability of Italian Historical Towns: The Case of Borgo San Rocco

2021 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Valentina Cima ◽  
Valentina Tomei ◽  
Ernesto Grande ◽  
Maura Imbimbo
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Seismic Safety ◽  
Collapse Mechanisms ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Historical Masonry ◽  
A Current

The assessment of the seismic safety level of masonry buildings is a current and important issue at the basis of the complex process of preservation of historical masonry buildings which constitute mostly the Italian and European towns. Nowadays, different approaches able to provide important information concerning the seismic safety level of masonry structures are available. Among these, fragility curves allow to have a prediction of potential damages during an earthquake of geographical areas characterized by similar construction typologies. The present paper concerns the derivation of fragility curves of masonry buildings, typical of Italian historical towns and mainly characterized by the possible occurrence of local out-of-plane collapse mechanisms. To this end, a real case is accounted in the study in order to consider specific parameters characterizing the constructions composing these territorial realities.

Displacement-Based Fragility Curves for Seismic Assessment of Adobe Buildings in Cusco, Peru

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 759-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Tarque ◽  
Helen Crowley ◽  
Rui Pinho ◽  
Humberto Varum
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Response Spectrum ◽  
Limit State ◽  
Seismic Demand ◽  
Limit States ◽  
Plane Failure ◽  
Displacement Capacity ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Displacement Based

The seismic vulnerability of single-story adobe dwellings located in Cusco, Peru, is studied based on a mechanics-based procedure, which considers the analysis of in-plane and out-of-plane failure mechanisms of walls. The capacity of each dwelling is expressed as a function of its displacement capacity and period of vibration and is evaluated for different limit states to damage. The seismic demand has been obtained from several displacement response spectral shapes. From the comparison of the capacity with the demand, probabilities of limit state exceedance have been obtained for different PGA values. The results indicate that fragility curves in terms of PGA are strongly influenced by the response spectrum shape; however, this is not the case for the derivation of fragility curves in terms of limit state spectral displacement. Finally, fragility curves for dwellings located in Pisco, Peru, were computed and the probabilities of limit state exceedance were compared with the data obtained from the 2007 Peruvian earthquake.

scholarly journals Fragility Analysis of Existing Unreinforced Masonry Buildings through a Numerical-based Methodology

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Karbassi ◽  
Pierino Lestuzzi
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Progressive Collapse ◽  
Unreinforced Masonry ◽  
Fragility Analysis ◽  
Stone Masonry ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Plane Failure ◽  
Element Method

As an approach to the problem of seismic vulnerability evaluation of existing buildings using the predicted vul-nerability method, numerical models can be applied to define fragility curves of typical buildings which represent building classes. These curves can be then combined with the seismic hazard to calculate the seismic risk for a building class (or individual buildings). For some buildings types, mainly the unreinforced masonry structures, such fragility analysis is complicated and time consuming if a Finite Element-based method is used. The FEM model has to represent the structural geometry and relationships between different structural elements through element connectivity. Moreover, the FEM can face major challenges to represent large displacements and separations for progressive collapse simulations. Therefore, the Applied Element Method which combines the advantages of FEM with that of the Discrete Element Method in terms of accurately modelling a deformable continuum of discrete materials is used in this paper to perform the fragility analysis for unreinforced masonry buildings. To this end, a series of nonlinear dynamic analyses using the AEM has been per-formed for two unreinforced masonry buildings (a 6-storey stone masonry and a 4-storey brick masonry) using more than 50 ground motion records. Both in-plane and out-of-plane failure have been considered in the damage analysis. The dis-tribution of the structural responses and inter-storey drifts are used to develop spectral-based fragility curves for the five European Macroseismic Scale damage grades.

Out-of-plane behaviour of existing stone masonry buildings: experimental evaluation

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre A. Costa ◽  
António Arêde ◽  
Aníbal Costa ◽  
Carlos Sousa Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evaluation ◽  
Stone Masonry ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Out Of Plane

scholarly journals Evaluation of masonry buildings and mosques after Sivrice earthquake

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (09) ◽  
pp. 881-892
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Damage ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stone Masonry ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Design Codes ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Future Earthquake ◽  
Adequate Supervision

The evaluation of masonry and mosque type structures after the Sivrice Earthquake is presented in this study. Stone masonry buildings exhibited damage such as vertical cracks and splitting at corners, wedge shaped corner failures, diagonal cracking on walls, out-of-plane splitting of walls, and separation of walls from flooring/roofing systems. On the other hand, the separation of flags and caps of minarets was a common example of damage in mosques. Future earthquake damage can be prevented by following design codes and providing adequate supervision for new structures, while strengthening measures are recommended for the existing buildings.

scholarly journals Effect of Cohesive Contact of Backfill with Arch and Spandrel Walls of a Historical Masonry Arch Bridge on Seismic Response

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emin Hokelekli
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Analysis ◽  
Time History ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Masonry Arch ◽  
Arch Bridge ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Historical Masonry ◽  
Masonry Arch Bridge ◽  
East West

Historical masonry bridges generally consist of arches, spandrels walls, backfills, piers and foundations. Under the effects such as earthquake, flood and wind, the most vulnerable structural elements of bridges against out-of-plane seismic motions are spandrel walls. Increasing length and height of spandrel walls increases the vulnerability of the bridge under loads in vertical and transverse directions. The aim of this research is to examine the in-plane and out-of-plane non-linear structural responses of the spandrel walls of a historical masonry bridge. For this purpose, a historical masonry arch bridge with built in 1787 in Bartın-Turkey was chosen as the subject structure. The 3D finite element model and nonlinear seismic analyses of the bridge were performed with ABAQUS. Initially, the backfill-spandrels and backfill-arch interfaces of the bridge were modeled with and without cohesive contact. The non-linear material responses of the spandrel walls and the arch units were defined using Concrete Damage Plasticity material model and those of the backfill unit were defined with Mohr-Coulomb material model. The east-west component of 17 August 1999 Kocaeli Earthquake’s acceleration records was used in the analyses. The east-west acceleration component was applied on the bridge in-plane and out-of-plane directions during the time-history non-linear seismic analysis of the bridge. The results obtained from the analyses with and without the consideration of cohesive contact were compared to evaluate the seismic responses of the spandrel walls. As a result, cohesive interface behavior was found to significantly affect the spandrel wall response under in- plane and out-of-plane seismic forces.

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