scholarly journals Extraction, Characterization, and Applications of Pectins from Plant By-Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6596
Author(s):  
Anissa Belkheiri ◽  
Ali Forouhar ◽  
Alina Violeta Ursu ◽  
Pascal Dubessay ◽  
Guillaume Pierre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Barrier Discharge ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Linear Segment ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Dielectric Barrier ◽  
Gelling Agents ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Bioactive Agents ◽  
By Products

Currently, pectins are widely used in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and food industries, mainly as texturizing, emulsifying, stabilizing, and gelling agents. Pectins are polysaccharides composed of a large linear segment of α-(1,4) linked d-galactopyranosyluronic acids interrupted by β-(1,2)-linked l-rhamnoses and ramified by short chains composed of neutral hexoses and pentoses. The characteristics and applications of pectins are strongly influenced by their structures depending on plant species and tissues but also extraction methods. The aim of this review is therefore to highlight the structures of pectins and the various methods used to extract them, including conventional ones but also microwave heating, ultrasonic treatment, and dielectric barrier discharge techniques, assessing physico-chemical parameters which have significant effects on pectin characteristics and applications as techno-functional and bioactive agents.

scholarly journals Abatement of Toluene by Reverse-Flow Nonthermal Plasma Reactor Coupled with Catalyst

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjun Liang ◽  
Huipin Sun ◽  
Xiujuan Shi ◽  
Yuxue Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Barrier Discharge ◽  
Barrier Discharge ◽  
Reverse Flow ◽  
Plasma Reactor ◽  
Nonthermal Plasma ◽  
Toluene Degradation ◽  
Dielectric Barrier ◽  
Reactor Temperature ◽  
Dbd Reactor ◽  
By Products

In order to make full use of the heat in nonthermal plasma systems and decrease the generation of by-products, a reverse-flow nonthermal plasma reactor coupled with catalyst was used for the abatement of toluene. In this study, the toluene degradation performance of different reactors was compared under the same conditions. The mechanism of toluene abatement by nonthermal plasma coupled with catalyst was explored, combined with the generation of ozone (O3), NO2, and organic by-products during the reaction process. It was found that a long reverse cycle time of the reactor and a short residence time of toluene decreased the internal reactor temperature, which was not beneficial for the degradation of toluene. Compared with the dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor, toluene degradation efficiency in the double dielectric barrier discharge (DDBD) reactor was improved at the same discharge energy level, but the concentrations of NO2 and O3 in the effluent were relatively high; this was improved after the introduction of a catalyst. In the reverse-flow nonthermal plasma reactor coupled with catalyst, the CO2 selectivity was the highest, while the selectivity and amount of NO2 was the lowest and aromatics, acids, and ketones were the main gaseous organic by-products in the effluent. The reverse-flow DBD-catalyst reactor was successful in decreasing organic by-products, while the types of organic by-products in the DDBD reactor were much more than those in the DBD reactor.

The removal of styrene using a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor and the analysis of the by-products and intermediates

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 1021-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongbo Zhang ◽  
Kan Li ◽  
Tonghua Sun ◽  
Jingping Jia ◽  
Xueli Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Barrier Discharge ◽  
Barrier Discharge ◽  
Dielectric Barrier ◽  
Dbd Reactor ◽  
By Products

scholarly journals Tar Removal by Nanosecond Pulsed Dielectric Barrier Discharge

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirosław Dors ◽  
Daria Kurzyńska
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
Barrier Discharge ◽  
Reaction Pathway ◽  
Plasma Reactor ◽  
Catalytic Reforming ◽  
Dielectric Barrier ◽  
Tar Removal ◽  
Plasma Reaction ◽  
Biomass Tar ◽  
By Products

Plasma-catalytic reforming of simulated biomass tar composed of naphthalene, toluene, and benzene was carried out in a coaxial plasma reactor supplied with nanosecond high-voltage pulses. The effect of Rh-LaCoO3/Al2O3 and Ni/Al2O3 catalysts covering high-voltage electrode on the tar conversion efficiency was evaluated. Compared to the plasma reaction without a catalyst, the combination of plasma with the catalyst significantly enhanced the conversion of all three tar components, achieving complete conversion when an Rh-based catalyst was used. Apart from gaseous and liquid samples, char samples taken at five locations inside the reactor were also analyzed for their chemical composition. Char was not formed when the Rh-based catalyst was used. Different by-products were detected for the plasma reactor without a catalyst, with the Ni- and Rh-based catalysts. A possible reaction pathway in the plasma-catalytic process for naphthalene, as the most complex compound, was proposed through the combined analysis of liquid and solid products.

scholarly journals Determination of Oil Content and Physicochemical Properties of Oil Extracted from Niger Seed Oil Grown in Gamo Gofa, Southern Ethiopia

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 141-144
Author(s):  
Bezuayehu Getachew ◽  
Kemal Ahmed ◽  
Mahmud Endris ◽  
Manale Zebene ◽  
Tsegay Hiwot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Gamo Gofa ◽  
Niger Seed

The Niger seed oil was collected from gamo-gofa, southern part of Ethiopia for oil extraction. The collected seed were oven dried and crushed in to powder by mortar and pestle. A soxhlet and maceration extractions were used for extraction of the oil. The solvents used for both extractions were n-hexane and ethyl acetate. The main reason two different types of solvents and two different type of extraction methods used in this project were to check which type of solvent and extraction method were effective for extraction of oil from Niger seed. From both extraction methods the extracted oil was separated from the solvents by simple distillation. The oil content and the physico-chemical parameters of the oil were determined and an oil content of 23.45% and 21.35% were obtained by maceration and 33.02% and 22.7% by soxhlet extraction method from n-hexane and ethyl acetate respectively. The physico-chemical parameters of the seed and oil were determined and the result shows that moisture content of the seed was (8.3%) and acid value of the oil (1.7391), saponification value (6.0308), Kinematic viscosity (0.561 m2/s), Density of oil (0.9788 g/ml) and Specific gravity of (0.9947). From the result obtained we conclude that n-hexane is an effective solvent and soxhlet extraction is an effective extraction method for extraction of oil from Niger seed.

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