scholarly journals Optimal Versus Equal Dimensions of Round Bales of Agricultural Materials Wrapped with Plastic Film—Conflict or Compliance?

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 10246
Author(s):  
Anna Stankiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Integer Number ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Plastic Film ◽  
Algebraic Equations ◽  
Overlap Ratio ◽  
Agricultural Materials ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Selection Of

For the assumed bale volume, its dimensions (diameter, height), minimizing the consumption of the plastic film used for bale wrapping with the combined 3D method, depend on film and wrapping parameters. Incorrect selection of these parameters may result in an optimal bale diameter, which differs significantly from its height, while in agricultural practice bales with diameters equal or almost equal to the height dominate. The aim of the study is to formulate and solve the problem of selecting such dimensions of the bale with a given volume that the film consumption is minimal and, simultaneously, the bale diameter is equal or almost equal to its height. Necessary and sufficient conditions for such equilibria of the optimal bale dimensions are derived in the form of algebraic equations and inequalities. Four problems of the optimal bale dimension design guaranteeing assumed equilibrium of diameter and height are formulated and solved; both free and fixed bale volume are considered. Solutions of these problems are reduced to solving the sets of simple algebraic equations and inequalities with respect to two variables: integer number of film layers and continuous overlap ratio in bottom layers. Algorithms were formulated and examples regarding large bales demonstrate that they can handle the optimal dimensions' equilibria problems.

P-D Feedback for Decoupling and Pole Assignment of Singular Systems

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. N. Koumboulis ◽  
B. G. Mertzios
Keyword(s):  
Closed Loop ◽  
Singular Systems ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Pole Assignment ◽  
Loop System ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Algebraic Equations ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Closed Loop System ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

The problem of reducing a multi input-multi output system to many single input-single output systems, namely the problem of input-output decoupling, is studied for the case of singular systems i.e., for systems described by dynamic and algebraic equations. The problem of input-output decoupling with simultaneous arbitrary pole assignment, via proportional plus derivative (P-D) state feedback, is extensively solved. The general explicit expression of all P-D controllers solving the decoupling problem is determined. The general form of the diagonal elements of the decoupled closed-loop system is proven to be in a form having a fixed numerator polynomial and an arbitrary denominator polynomial. The necessary and sufficient conditions for the solvability of the problem of decoupling with simultaneous asymptotic stabilizability or arbitrary pole assignment are established. Furthermore, the necessary and sufficient conditions for decoupling with simultaneous impulse elimination, as well as the necessary and sufficient conditions for decoupling with arbitrary assignment of the finite and infinite poles of the closed-loop system, are established.

On the Preservation of Root Numbers and the Behavior of Weil Characters under Reciprocity Equivalence

1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 402-415
Author(s):  
Jenna P. Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Number Field ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Witt Ring ◽  
Root Numbers ◽  
Local Root ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Local Root Numbers

AbstractThis paper studies how the local root numbers and the Weil additive characters of the Witt ring of a number field behave under reciprocity equivalence. Given a reciprocity equivalence between two fields, at each place we define a local square class which vanishes if and only if the local root numbers are preserved. Thus this local square class serves as a local obstruction to the preservation of local root numbers. We establish a set of necessary and sufficient conditions for a selection of local square classes (one at each place) to represent a global square class. Then, given a reciprocity equivalence that has a finite wild set, we use these conditions to show that the local square classes combine to give a global square class which serves as a global obstruction to the preservation of all root numbers. Lastly, we use these results to study the behavior of Weil characters under reciprocity equivalence.

scholarly journals Geometric Approach to the Realization of Planar Elastic Behaviors With Mechanisms Having Four Elastic Components

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuguang Huang ◽  
Joseph M. Schimmels
Keyword(s):  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Geometric Approach ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Elastic Component ◽  
Elastic Behavior ◽  
Parallel Mechanisms ◽  
Compliant Joints ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Selection Of

This paper addresses the passive realization of any selected planar elastic behavior with redundant elastic manipulators. The class of manipulators considered are either serial mechanisms having four compliant joints or parallel mechanisms having four springs. Sets of necessary and sufficient conditions for mechanisms in this class to passively realize an elastic behavior are presented. The conditions are interpreted in terms of mechanism geometry. Similar conditions for nonredundant cases are highly restrictive. Redundancy yields a significantly larger space of realizable elastic behaviors. Construction-based synthesis procedures for planar elastic behaviors are also developed. In each, the selection of the mechanism geometry and the selection of joint/spring stiffnesses are completely decoupled. The procedures require that the geometry of each elastic component be selected from a restricted space of acceptable candidates.

scholarly journals Bipartite Consensus for Multiagent Systems via Event-Based Control

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cui-Qin Ma ◽  
Wei-Guo Sun
Keyword(s):  
Multiagent Systems ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Balance Case ◽  
Control Gain ◽  
New Type ◽  
Bipartite Consensus ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Event Based ◽  
Selection Of

This paper studies bipartite consensus for first-order multiagent systems. To improve resource utilization, event-based protocols are considered for bipartite consensus. A new type of control gain is designed in the proposed protocols. By appropriate selection of control gains, the convergence rate of the closed-loop system can be adjusted. Firstly, for structural balance case, necessary and sufficient conditions are given on communication relations and consensus gains to achieve bipartite consensus. Secondly, for structural unbalance case, necessary and sufficient conditions are proposed to ensure the stabilizing of the system. It can be found that the system will not show Zeno behavior. Numerical simulations are used to demonstrate the theoretical results.

scholarly journals Solutions to Lyapunov stability problems: nonlinear systems with continuous motions

1994 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljubomir T. Grujic
Keyword(s):  
Lyapunov Function ◽  
Nonlinear Dynamical System ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Stability Domain ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Nonlinear Dynamical ◽  
Bounded Set ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Bounded Sets ◽  
Selection Of

The necessary and sufficient conditions for accurate construction of a Lyapunov function and the necessary and sufficient conditions for a set to be the asymptotic stability domain are algorithmically solved for a nonlinear dynamical system with continuous motions. The conditions are established by utilizing properties of o-uniquely bounded sets, which are explained in the paper. They allow arbitrary selection of an o-uniquely bounded set to generate a Lyapunov function.Simple examples illustrate the theory and its applications.

The extinction time of a general birth and death process with catastrophes

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (04) ◽  
pp. 851-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Brockwell
Keyword(s):  
Laplace Transform ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Death Process ◽  
Extinction Time ◽  
Birth And Death Process ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Laplace Transform ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

The Laplace transform of the extinction time is determined for a general birth and death process with arbitrary catastrophe rate and catastrophe size distribution. It is assumed only that the birth rates satisfyλ0= 0,λj> 0 for eachj> 0, and. Necessary and sufficient conditions for certain extinction of the population are derived. The results are applied to the linear birth and death process (λj=jλ, µj=jμ) with catastrophes of several different types.

Nonlinear boundary-value problems for degenerate differential-algebraic systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-324
Author(s):  
Sergii Chuiko ◽  
Ol'ga Nesmelova
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Value Problem ◽  
Boundary Value Problems ◽  
Algebraic System ◽  
Boundary Value ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Weakly Nonlinear ◽  
Differential Algebraic System ◽  
Linear Differential ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

The study of the differential-algebraic boundary value problems, traditional for the Kiev school of nonlinear oscillations, founded by academicians M.M. Krylov, M.M. Bogolyubov, Yu.A. Mitropolsky and A.M. Samoilenko. It was founded in the 19th century in the works of G. Kirchhoff and K. Weierstrass and developed in the 20th century by M.M. Luzin, F.R. Gantmacher, A.M. Tikhonov, A. Rutkas, Yu.D. Shlapac, S.L. Campbell, L.R. Petzold, Yu.E. Boyarintsev, V.F. Chistyakov, A.M. Samoilenko, O.A. Boichuk, V.P. Yacovets, C.W. Gear and others. In the works of S.L. Campbell, L.R. Petzold, Yu.E. Boyarintsev, V.F. Chistyakov, A.M. Samoilenko and V.P. Yakovets were obtained sufficient conditions for the reducibility of the linear differential-algebraic system to the central canonical form and the structure of the general solution of the degenerate linear system was obtained. Assuming that the conditions for the reducibility of the linear differential-algebraic system to the central canonical form were satisfied, O.A.~Boichuk obtained the necessary and sufficient conditions for the solvability of the linear Noetherian differential-algebraic boundary value problem and constructed a generalized Green operator of this problem. Based on this, later O.A. Boichuk and O.O. Pokutnyi obtained the necessary and sufficient conditions for the solvability of the weakly nonlinear differential algebraic boundary value problem, the linear part of which is a Noetherian differential algebraic boundary value problem. Thus, out of the scope of the research, the cases of dependence of the desired solution on an arbitrary continuous function were left, which are typical for the linear differential-algebraic system. Our article is devoted to the study of just such a case. The article uses the original necessary and sufficient conditions for the solvability of the linear Noetherian differential-algebraic boundary value problem and the construction of the generalized Green operator of this problem, constructed by S.M. Chuiko. Based on this, necessary and sufficient conditions for the solvability of the weakly nonlinear differential-algebraic boundary value problem were obtained. A typical feature of the obtained necessary and sufficient conditions for the solvability of the linear and weakly nonlinear differential-algebraic boundary-value problem is its dependence on the means of fixing of the arbitrary continuous function. An improved classification and a convergent iterative scheme for finding approximations to the solutions of weakly nonlinear differential algebraic boundary value problems was constructed in the article.

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