Optic Disc Detection from Fundus Photography via Best-Buddies Similarity

Abstract Background: This study is to evaluate the accuracy of machine learning for differentiation between optic neuropathies and pseudopapilledema (PPE). Methods: Two hundred and ninety-five images of optic neuropathies, 295 images of PPE, and 779 control images were used. Pseudopapilledema was defined as follows: cases with elevated optic nerve head and blurred disc margin, with normal visual acuity (>0.8 Snellen visual acuity), visual field, color vision, and pupillary reflex. The optic neuropathy group included cases of ischemic optic neuropathy (177), optic neuritis (48), diabetic optic neuropathy (17), papilledema (22), and retinal disorders (31). We compared four machine learning classifiers (our model, GoogleNet Inception v3, 19-layer Very Deep Convolution Network from Visual Geometry group (VGG), and 50-layer Deep Residual Learning (ResNet)). Accuracy and area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) were analyzed Results: The accuracy of machine learning classifiers ranged from 95.89% to 98.63% (our model: 95.89%, Inception V3: 96.45%, ResNet: 98.63%, and VGG: 96.80%). A high AUROC score was noted in both ResNet and VGG (0.999). Conclusions: Machine learning techniques can be combined with fundus photography as an effective approach to distinguish between PPE and elevated optic disc associated with optic neuropathies. Keywords: Machine Learning; Pseudopapilledema; Optic neuropathy; Optic disc swelling.

Download Full-text

Fundus changes in high myopic Kashmiri population

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3126/ajms.v12i1.31071 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 47-49

Author(s):

Nazia Anjum ◽

Numrah Muqsit ◽

Junaid S Wani

Keyword(s):

Optic Disc ◽

Choroidal Neovascularization ◽

High Myopia ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Head Tilt ◽

Fundus Photography ◽

Posterior Staphyloma ◽

Chorioretinal Atrophy ◽

Kashmiri Population ◽

Tilted Disc

Background: High myopia (defined as myopia of -6D or more) is one of the main causes of visual impairment worldwide. High myopia is always accompanied by pathological structural changes such as axial elongation, posterior staphyloma, lacquer crack formation, thinning of the retina and choroid, and choroidal neovascularization. Aims and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the fundus changes in eyes with high myopia. Materials and Methods: All study participants underwent dilated fundus examination and fundus photography. Myopia-related macular (posterior staphyloma, lacquer cracks, Fuchs spot, myopic chorioretinal atrophy, and myopic choroidal neovascularization)and optic disc (optic nerve head tilt,optic disc dimensions, and peripapillary atrophy) changes were evaluated. Results: Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate fundus changes in eyes with high myopia. Data analysis included 107 eyes of 57 patients.Mean ± SE was 12.07 ± 3.184D in eyes with high myopia. Mean ± AL was 26.68± 1.577mm in eyes with high myopia. The mean age was 28.54 ± 9.44 years(14-50 years). Fundus changes were: Temporal crescent in 56 (52.33%) eyes, tessellated fundus appearance in 52(48.59%) eyes, lacquer cracks in 40 (37.38%) eyes, tilted disc in 30 (28%) eyes, lattice degeneration in 20(18.69%) eyes, posterior staphyloma in 20(18.69%) eyes, focal chorioretinal atrophy in 3 (2.8%) eyes. CNV in 2 (1.86%)eyes and retinal hole in 1(1%) eye. Conclusions: Tessellated fundus and temporal crescent were the most common fundus findings among Kashmiri population with high myopia. In this population, lacquer cracks and tilted disc were also common, while CNV and retinal holes were rare.

Download Full-text

Mitochondrial Mutations in Ethambutol-Induced Optic Neuropathy

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology ◽

10.3389/fcell.2021.754676 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Xiao-Hui Zhang ◽

Yue Xie ◽

Quan-Gang Xu ◽

Kai Cao ◽

Ke Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optic Disc ◽

Optic Neuropathy ◽

Fundus Photography ◽

Screening Methods ◽

Fundus Examination ◽

Mitochondrial Mutations ◽

Mtdna Mutations ◽

Clinical Evaluations ◽

Corrected Visual Acuity ◽

The Mean

Background: Ethambutol-induced optic neuropathy (EON) is a well-recognized ocular complication in patients who take ethambutol as a tuberculosis treatment. The aim of the current study was to investigate the presence of mitochondrial mutations, including OPA1 and Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON)-mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), in patients with EON and to determine their effect on clinical features of these patients.Methods: All 47 patients underwent clinical evaluations, including best-corrected visual acuity, fundus examination, and color fundus photography; 37 patients were then followed up over time. Molecular screening methods, including PCR-based sequencing of the OPA1 gene and LHON-mtDNA mutations, together with targeted exome sequencing, were used to detect mutations.Results: We detected 15 OPA1 mutations in 18 patients and two LHON-mtDNA mutations in four patients, for an overall mutation detection rate of 46.8%. The mean presentation age was significantly younger in the patients with the mitochondrial mutations (27.5 years) than in those without mutations (48 years). Fundus examination revealed a greater prevalence of optic disc hyperemia in the patients with mutations (70.5%) than without mutations (48%). Half of the patients with mutations and 91% of the patients without mutations had improved vision. After adjusting for confounders, the logistic regression revealed that the patients with optic disc pallor on the first visit (p = 0.004) or the patients with the mitochondrial mutations (p < 0.001) had a poorer vision prognosis.Conclusion: Our results indicated that carriers with OPA1 mutations might be more vulnerable for the toxicity of EMB to develop EON.

Download Full-text

Incidence and Evolution of Subretinal Precipitates in Optic Disc Pit Maculopathy

European Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.5301/ejo.5000999 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 769-773

Author(s):

Irini Chatziralli ◽

George Theodossiadis ◽

Dimitrios Brouzas ◽

Panagiotis Theodossiadis

Keyword(s):

Optic Disc ◽

Successful Treatment ◽

Outer Part ◽

Subretinal Fluid ◽

Fundus Photography ◽

Optic Disc Pit ◽

Fluid Accumulation ◽

Photoreceptor Layer ◽

Optic Disc Pit Maculopathy ◽

Baseline Examination

Purpose To study the evolution of subretinal precipitates coexistent with optic disc pit (ODP) maculopathy from their appearance at baseline examination until their absorption after successful treatment. Methods Participants in this retrospective, multicenter study were 42 patients with ODP maculopathy, in whom complete ocular examination was performed, including visual acuity (VA) measurement, slit-lamp examination, color or red-free fundus photography, and optical coherence tomography at baseline after surgical treatment. Results Out of 42 cases, 17 (40.5%) cases of ODP maculopathy, which were examined between 2002 and 2015, were found to have subretinal precipitates associated with multilayer fluid accumulation at baseline. Precipitates were located at the outer part of the photoreceptor layer and remained for 3-6 months after successful treatment and absorption of subretinal fluid. The mean VA was 0.99 ± 0.21 logMAR at baseline and improved to 0.54 ± 0.25 logMAR at the final examination. Conclusions Macular precipitates in association with signs of disease chronicity, such as multilayer fluid accumulation, became evident at baseline examination. Precipitates’ disappearance in 15 out of 17 cases coincided with the absorption of subretinal fluid. The relative low VA at baseline probably could be attributed to the chronicity of the disease.

Download Full-text

Optic Coherence Tomography Angiography Findings of Bilateral Choroidal Neovascularization Associated with Optic Disc Drusen Treated with Intravitreal Aflibercept Injection

Case Reports in Ophthalmological Medicine ◽

10.1155/2020/8398054 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Melih Akıdan ◽

Mehmet Bulut ◽

Lütfiye Yaprak ◽

Muhammet Kazım Erol ◽

Elcin Suren

Keyword(s):

Optic Disc ◽

Choroidal Neovascularization ◽

Fundus Photography ◽

Vascular Density ◽

Optic Coherence Tomography ◽

Main Trunk ◽

Optic Disc Drusen ◽

Intravitreal Aflibercept ◽

The Right ◽

Sd Oct

Purpose. The purpose of this case report is to present the findings of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) of a patient with bilateral choroidal neovascularization (CNV) associated with optic disc drusen (ODD), who was treated with intravitreal aflibercept injection. Case presentation. A 14-year-old girl presented with a complaint of visual loss and metamorphopsia in her both eyes. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/32 and 20/25, respectively, in the right and left eyes. Intraocular pressure and anterior segment examination were normal. Dilated fundus examination revealed elevated optic discs with blurred margins in both eyes. In addition, slightly elevated yellow lesion extending from optic nerve head to the macula was observed bilaterally. The patient underwent imaging with colour fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence (FAF), fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), spectral-domain optic coherence tomography (SD-OCT), OCTA, orbital ultrasonography (USG), and computed tomography (CT). In particular, OCTA demonstrated clearly the large circular CNV complex in the right eye and the CNV structure in the left eye containing slightly activated main trunk and minimal vessel loops in the papillomacular region. CNV secondary to bilateral ODD was suspected. Intravitreal aflibercept injections were performed in 3 doses to the right eye and a single dose to the left eye. After the injections, BCVA reached its complete level in both eyes. SD-OCT revealed irregularity of RPE in the temporal region of the optic disc and complete regression of the subretinal fluid. Interestingly, the entire CNV complex including the main trunk completely disappeared in OCTA. CNV complex was not observed in OCTA during 1-year follow-up, and peripapillary and macular vascular density measurements did not show any significant change. BCVA was preserved, and no additional injections were needed. Conclusion. It is possible that OCTA can be used for detailed evaluation of CNV associated with ODD, response to anti-VEGF treatment, and peripapillary and macular vascular density. There is a need for further studies to confirm the changes such as disappearance of CNV in OCTA after injection as we observed in our patient.

Download Full-text

Differentiation between optic disc drusen and optic disc oedema using fundus photography

Acta Ophthalmologica ◽

10.1111/aos.13338 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 95 (4) ◽

pp. e329-e335 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Kyoung Min Lee ◽

Se Joon Woo ◽

Jeong-Min Hwang

Keyword(s):

Optic Disc ◽

Fundus Photography ◽

Optic Disc Oedema ◽

Disc Oedema ◽

Optic Disc Drusen

Download Full-text

Stereo fundus photography in the diagnosis of optic disc melanocytoma

Acta Ophthalmologica ◽

10.1111/j.1755-3768.2010.02049.x ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 89 (6) ◽

pp. e533-e534 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jørgen Krohn ◽

Bård Kjersem

Keyword(s):

Optic Disc ◽

Fundus Photography

Download Full-text

Electrophysiological and Structural Changes in Chinese Patients with LHON

Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1155/2020/4734276 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Min Wang ◽

Hong Guo ◽

Shiying Li ◽

Gang Wang ◽

Yanling Long ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ganglion Cell ◽

Optic Disc ◽

Retinal Ganglion Cell ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Chinese Patients ◽

Fundus Photography ◽

Inner Plexiform Layer ◽

Retinal Ganglion ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Objective. To review retrospectively the electrophysiological and structural changes in 13 Chinese patients with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON). Methods. 26 eyes of 13 patients with a genetically confirmed diagnosis of LHON were categorized into two groups according to the duration of the disease: group 1 (duration less than 3 months) and group 2 (duration between 3 months and 18 years). Clinical history, comprehensive visual electrophysiology, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and color fundus photography were performed. Results. Fundoscopy showed optic disc hyperemia in group 1 and optic atrophy in group 2. OCT measures of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness around the optic disc and surrounding macula were normal in group 1 but reduced in group 2 (10 of 10 eyes). The thickness of the retinal ganglion cell layer (GCL) plus inner plexiform layer (IPL) surrounding the macula reduced significantly in group 1 and group 2 compared with a healthy control group. Pattern ERG (PERG) P50 amplitude was normal, but the N95/P50 ratio reduced in most of group 1 (4 of 5 eyes) and in all of group 2 (11 eyes). PERG P50 peak time was abnormally short in group 2. Multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) showed subnormal responses associated with ring 1 (the central area) and ring 2 in group 1 and reductions in rings 1, 2, and 3 in group 2. Conclusion. The study highlights differences in retinal structure and function between the acute and chronic stages of LHON in a group of Chinese patients. There is PERG evidence of retinal ganglion cell dysfunction and OCT evidence of GCL + IPL thinning in both groups, but there is additional peripapillary RNFL loss in the chronic stage, associated with more severe RGC dysfunction. There is multifocal ERG evidence of localized macular dysfunction in both acute and chronic groups. The study highlights the importance of comprehensive electrophysiological and structural assessments of the retina in LHON and is pertinent to studies that aim to monitor disease progression or the effects of future therapeutic interventions.

Download Full-text