scholarly journals Meteorological Variables That Affect the Beginning of Flowering of the Winter Oilseed Rape in the Czech Republic

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1444
Author(s):  
Lenka Hájková ◽  
Martin Možný ◽  
Veronika Oušková ◽  
Lenka Bartošová ◽  
Petra Dížková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Meteorological Variables ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering

Winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus) is one of the most cultivated oilseeds in the Czech Republic and belongs among major pollen allergens. Pollen allergies have an extensive clinical impact worldwide, and as well as in the Czech Republic. In this paper, meteorological variables such as mean air temperature, maximum and minimum air temperature, precipitation total and number of rainy days in the period 1991–2012 were studied using the PhenoClim phenological model to find the best predictor of the beginning of flowering of the Brassica napus in the Czech Republic. In addition, temporal and spatial evaluations of the beginning of flowering of the Brassica napus were examined at individual stations in different climatic zones within the same period. In total, three phenological stations at altitudes from 270 m asl to 533 m asl located in warm (W2), medium warm (MW7) or cold (C7) climatic zones were used for detailed evaluation. Based on the observation results at selected stations, the beginning of flowering of the Brassica napus advanced progressively in timing (nearly −15 days) in the 1991–2012 period. The base temperature and temperature sums were calculated for the beginning of flowering of the winter oilseed rape using the PhenoClim computer tool. As the most accurate predictor for the beginning of flowering of the Brassica napus, the mean air temperature was determined. The optimal start day for calculation was 30th January, the threshold (base temperature) was 6.0 °C and the temperature sum was 157.0 °C. The RMSE value was 4.77 and the MBE value was −3.00. The simulated data had a good correlation with the real observed data (the correlation coefficients were within the range from 0.56 to 0.76), and the PhenoClim model results indicate using them in the forecast modeling of the beginning of flowering of the Brassica napus in the Czech Republic.

scholarly journals Utilisation of doubled haploids in winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) breeding

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 50-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Kučera ◽  
M. Vyvadilová ◽  
M. Klíma
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Microspore Culture ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
The World

A survey of development and prospects of the utilisation of doubled haploid techniques in rapeseed breeding in the world and in the Czech Republic is presented. The first utilisation of spontaneously occurred haploids from Brassica napus inbreeding programmes is described. The development of techniques of anther and later microspore culture is outlined. Special emphasis is given to the practical use of doubled haploids for the improvement of the effectiveness of breeding new productive cultivars. Some partial results of evaluation of yield parameters and resistance to important diseases in the obtained doubled haploid lines of winter oilseed rape are shown. The literary review and present results indicate, that the doubled haploid technique can be effectively used for the development of homozygous oilseed rape lines as an alternative to conventional methods.

scholarly journals Influence of selected fungicides registered in the Czech Republic for winter oilseed rape on in vitro Sclerotinia sclerotiorum mycelial growth

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 101-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poslušná Jana ◽  
Plachká Eva ◽  
Mazáková Jana
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
Baseline Sensitivity ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
The Mean

The baseline sensitivity of 55 isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, collected from oilseed rape in 6 regions of the Czech Republic, to selected fungicides was determined during the period 2013–2015. One single-component fungicide – Horizon (tebuconazole), and four multicomponent fungicides – Pictor (boscalid, dimoxystrobin), Efilor (boscalid, metconazole), Prosaro 250 EC (prothioconazole, tebuconazole), and Propulse (fluopyram, prothioconazole), were chosen as these are commonly used locally. The effect of each fungicide on the in vitro pathogen radial mycelial growth and EC<sub>50 </sub>values for the respective fungicides were determined. The following MIC values were estimated; for the fungicides Horizon 250 EW, Efilor, and Propulse the mean MIC values ranged between 0.125 and 0.250 µl/ml, for Prosaro 250 EC ranged between 0.0625 and 0.125 µl/ml, and for Pictor ranged from 0.00781 to 0.01562 µl/ml. No strains of S. sclerotiorum resistant to the tested fungicides were detected and the growth of all isolates was fully inhibited at concentrations corresponding to their registered dose rates. The highest fungicidal efficacy on the collected S. sclerotiorum isolates was recorded for Pictor, followed by Prosaro 250 with an EC<sub>50</sub> value 0.05856 µl/ml and then the remaining fungicides Propulse, Efilor, and Horizon 250 EW (EC<sub>50</sub> values 0.07277, 0.07221, and 0.08519 µl/ml, respectively).

scholarly journals Detecting Pathogens of Verticillium Wilt in Winter Oilseed Rape Using ELISA and PCR – Comparison of the Two Methods and With Visual Stand Evaluation

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Spitzer ◽  
Pavel Matušinsky
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Verticillium Wilt ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
Visual Evaluation ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Verticillium Longisporum ◽  
Main Species ◽  
Match Rate

During 2013–2015, oilseed rape samples from various locations in the Czech Republic were analysed for the presence of Verticillium wilt. Samples were evaluated in the lab using ELISA and PCR as well as by visual evaluation during the samples collection. A comparison of detection match in individual methods also was made. ELISA and PCR matched in detecting Verticillium wilt in 60 % of cases. For practical use, a higher match rate would be necessary in cases where samples were to be analysed in various laboratories using only one of these techniques. The possibility was demonstrated to use kits as well as primers not targeted specifically to just Verticillium longisporum but recording both main species on oilseed rape (V. longisporum and V. dahliae). The match rates of lab analyses with visual evaluation of stand infection were surprisingly high at 62 % for ELISA and 77 % for PCR. All three stand evaluation methods matched in 56 % of cases.

Analysis of Leptosphaeria species complex causing phoma leaf spot and stem canker of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus) in the Czech Republic

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Mazáková ◽  
Jan Urban ◽  
Miloslav Zouhar ◽  
Pavel Ryšánek
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Phoma Stem Canker ◽  
Leaf Spots

In the Czech Republic, increases in the area sown with oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) and shifts to intensive crop farming systems have contributed to increased incidence and harmfulness of phoma stem canker. This study comprised a large-scale survey of the occurrence of two closely related causal agents of the disease, Leptosphaeria maculans and L. biglobosa, in oilseed rape tissues and the country-wide distribution of each fungal species. In the 2007–11 growing seasons, 1132 leaves with phoma leaf spot symptoms were sampled; from those, 977 L. maculans-type and 477 L. biglobosa-type leaf spots were sampled and analysed by species-specific PCR without pathogen isolation. There were 1159 leaf spots confirmed as infected by Leptosphaeria spp., with 65% of 907 L. maculans-type leaf spots infected by L. maculans only and 35% co-infected by both species; and with 88% of 252 L. biglobosa-type leaf spots infected by L. biglobosa only and 12% co-infected by both species. Furthermore, 217 monopycnidial isolates were collected from selected leaf spots and identified based on pigment production during solid- and liquid-media culture and PCR assay. Most (82%) isolates originating from L. maculans-type leaf lesions were L. maculans, and most (69%) isolates collected from L. biglobosa-type leaf lesions were L. biglobosa. Co-infection by both species was found in both L. maculans-type and L. biglobosa-type leaf lesions. In 2007–12, 708 stems with phoma stem canker symptoms and 2635 plant tissues from upper stem, stem base, root collar and taproot of each stem were sampled for PCR; symptoms on the four parts of each stem were assessed before taking tissue samples. There were 1495 plant tissues confirmed as infected by Leptosphaeria spp., with the proportion of plant tissue in which only L. biglobosa DNA (62%) was amplified greater than that with only L. maculans DNA (11%) or with both L. maculans and L. biglobosa DNA (27%). Although both species were detected in leaf samples in autumn, L. biglobosa was the more frequently detected species in stem samples in summer, suggesting that L. biglobosa is the more successful in colonising oilseed rape tissues in later growth stages of the plant in the Czech Republic.

scholarly journals Influence of application term on effectiveness of some insecticides against brassica pod midge (Dasineura brassicae Winn.)

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Pavela ◽  
J. Kazda ◽  
G. Herda
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽  
Full Flowering ◽  
Dasineura Brassicae

In 2005 we determined the effectiveness of two preparations against gall pod midge in dependence on different terms of application, i.e. at full flowering (BBCH 65) and after flowering (BBCH 67) of winter oilseed rape. The tests were carried out at three localities in the Czech Republic, and the two preparations used were Calypso 480 SC (a.i. thiacloprid) and Karate Zeon 5CS (a.i. lambda-cyhalothrin). It was found that applying the preparations at BBCH 67 was significantly more effective than treatment at BBCH 65.

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