scholarly journals Urban Effect on Sea-Breeze-Initiated Rainfall: A Case Study for Seoul Metropolitan Area

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1483
Author(s):  
Yuna Choi ◽  
Young-Hee Lee
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Sea Breeze ◽  
Anthropogenic Heat ◽  
Relative Role ◽  
Maximum Rainfall ◽  
Urban Effect ◽  
Seoul Metropolitan Area ◽  
Urban Roughness ◽  
Factor Separation

We examined the sea-breeze-initiated rainfall in the Seoul Metropolitan area (SMA) on 6 July 2017 using the weather research and forecasting (WRF) model. The model captures the arrival of the sea breeze front (SBF), the development of afternoon rainfall in the SMA, and the location of the sea-breeze-initiated maximum rainfall in the northeastern SMA reasonably well but overestimates the subsequent rainfall. We conducted sensitivity tests to better understand the urban effect on the sea-breeze-initiated rainfall event. Through factor separation analysis, we first examined the explicit role of sea and urban effect on sea-breeze-initiated rainfall. The results show that the interaction of sea and urban effects cause rainfall in the northwest and northeast of the SMA, indicating that both urban heat island circulation (UHIC) and sea breeze play an important role in the study case’s rainfall. We further examined the relative role of urban roughness and anthropogenic heat on the sea-breeze-initiated rainfall through factor separation analysis. Both anthropogenic heat and urban roughness play a role in increasing precipitation in the northeastern area of the SMA, with a larger contribution of anthropogenic heat than urban roughness. The relationship between low-level convergence at the SBF and urban factors is discussed.

scholarly journals Locating Battery Swapping Stations for a Smart e-Bus System

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joon Moon ◽  
Young Joo Kim ◽  
Taesu Cheong ◽  
Sang Hwa Song
Keyword(s):  
Integer Programming ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Set Covering ◽  
Programming Models ◽  
Traffic Network ◽  
Seoul Metropolitan Area ◽  
Model Flow

With the growing interest and popularity of electric vehicles (EVs), the electrification of buses has been progressing recently. To achieve the seamless operation of electric buses (e-Buses) for public transportation, some bus stations should play the role of battery swapping station due to the limited travel range of e-Buses. In this study, we consider the problem of locating battery swapping stations for e-Buses on a passenger bus traffic network. For this purpose, we propose three integer programming models (set-covering-based model, flow-based model and path-based model) to model the problem of minimizing the number of stations needed. The models are applied and tested on the current bus routes in the Seoul metropolitan area of South Korea.

The effects of longer commutes, unsolicited job offers, and working in the Seoul metropolitan area on the turnover intentions of Korean employees

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 594-613
Author(s):  
Hyondong Kim ◽  
Jisung Park
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Turnover Intentions ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Seoul Metropolitan Area ◽  
Job Offers ◽  
Commuting Time ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the importance of commuting time in the turnover intentions of Korean employees. This study also examines the impact of unsolicited job offers and working in the Seoul metropolitan area to elucidate the role of commuting time in determining turnover intentions. Design/methodology/approach The present study used two waves of the Graduates Occupational Mobility Survey, a large-scale survey of Korean employees. Binary logistic regression analyses were used to test the research model on 11,469 and 11,587 Korean employees in 2012 and 2013, respectively. Findings The commuting time increases turnover intentions, as do unsolicited job offers and working in the Seoul metropolitan area. Unsolicited job offers increase the turnover intentions of Korean employees more when they suffer from longer commutes, especially if they work in the Seoul metropolitan region. Research limitations/implications The study highlights the role of commuting time as resource loss that diminishes employees’ ability to cope with their job demands, which can be a predictive variable for turnover intentions. This study also considers unsolicited job offers and the Seoul metropolitan area as increasing ease of movement, elucidating the process through which commuting time is related to turnover intentions. Originality/value The present study adopts the resource conservation and ease-of-movement concepts to increase the understanding of the complexity of commuting time in determining turnover intentions.

The role of a suburban forest in controlling vertical trace gas and OH reactivity distributions – a case study for the Seoul metropolitan area

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saewung Kim ◽  
Roger Seco ◽  
Dasa Gu ◽  
Dianne Sanchez ◽  
Daun Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
Trace Gas ◽  
Photo Oxidation ◽  
Seoul Metropolitan Area ◽  
Vertical Distributions

This study presents vertical distributions of trace gases and OH reactivity in Seoul Metropolitan Area. The comparison between a suburban ground site and an airborne platform illustrates a rapid photo oxidation in the very bottom of the boundary layer.

Building R&D collaboration between university-research institutes and small medium-sized enterprises

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 1174-1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyujin Jung ◽  
Simon Andrew
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Product Development ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
University Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Seoul Metropolitan Area ◽  
Research Institutes ◽  
The Government

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of governments in resolving collective action dilemmas arising in R&D collaboration between university-research institutes (URI) and small and medium-size enterprises (SMEs). The paper focusses on R&D collaboration in South Korea in light of its major industrial reforms since the 1980s in strengthening the national science and technology innovation system. Design/methodology/approach – To examine factors explaining the likelihood of SMEs to collaborate with URIs in R&D activities, the authors used data that were collected in the Seoul Metropolitan Area by the Seoul Institute in 2010. A logistic regression analysis was performed with data from the Open Innovation System survey, which consists of 336 SMEs; and supplemented by firm-level data retrieved from the government official statistics on structural characteristics of SMEs. The Mann-Whitney Test of Difference was employed to test the perceived importance of R&D activities in various stages of product development. Findings – This research found that SMEs having government certified R&D facilities and higher investments in R&D activities explain their likelihood in engaging in R&D collaboration with URIs. SMEs in the chemical sector also are more likely to establish R&D collaboration with URIs compared to those in the information technology (IT) sector. In terms of the importance of R&D activities, there are marked differences between SMEs collaborating with URIs and those that do not. The differences are found in R&D’s needs related to acquisition of information, basic research, pilot testing of products, and product manufacturing. Most SMEs in the sample reported several barriers to R&D activities, particularly in securing human resources and the operation of R&D; and that, they believe the government can assist them in research and development activities and human resource training. Research limitations/implications – This study provides new insights into the way in which R&D facilities of SMEs may facilitate R&D collaboration with URIs. The results broaden the understanding on the scope of R&D collaboration adopted by SMEs and strategies that can be adopted and implemented by government agencies to attract and retain firms that are innovative. While the findings also provide insights on the scope of management decisions adopted by SMEs, the sample was limited to 336 SMEs in the Seoul Metropolitan area, making generalization to other regions of the country limited. Originality/value – From the institutional collective action framework, this research provides a critical lens to build R&D collaboration between the URI and SMEs, highlighting the role of government with considerable efforts to facilitate SMEs to enter into arrangements with URIs by focussing on the importance of R&D facility and stages of product development.

scholarly journals Factors controlling surface ozone in the Seoul Metropolitan Area during the KORUS-AQ campaign

Elem Sci Anth ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heejeong Kim ◽  
Junsu Gil ◽  
Meehye Lee ◽  
Jinsang Jung ◽  
Andrew Whitehill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Surface Ozone ◽  
Sea Breeze ◽  
Photochemical Activity ◽  
Local Circulation ◽  
Boundary Layer Height ◽  
Seoul Metropolitan Area

To understand the characteristics of air quality in the Seoul Metropolitan Area, intensive measurements were conducted under the Korea-United States Air Quality (KORUS-AQ) campaign. Trace gases such as O3, NOx, NOy, SO2, CO, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), photochemical byproducts such as H2O2 and HCHO, aerosol species, and meteorological variables including planetary boundary layer height were simultaneously measured at Olympic Park in Seoul. During the measurement period, high O3 episodes that exceeded the 90 ppbv hourly maximum occurred on 14 days under four distinct synoptic meteorological conditions. Furthermore, local circulation such as land–sea breeze and diurnal evolution of the boundary layer were crucial in determining the concentrations of precursor gases, including NOx and VOC as well as O3. During such episodes, the nighttime NOx and VOC and daytime UV levels were higher compared to non-episode days. The overall precursor levels and photochemical activity were represented fairly well by variations in the HCHO, which peaked in the morning during the high O3 episodes. This study revealed that toluene was the most abundant VOC in Seoul, and its concentration increased greatly with NOx due to the large local influence under stagnant conditions. When O3 was highly elevated concurrently with PM2.5 under dominant westerlies, NOx and VOCs were relatively lower and CO was noticeably higher than in other episodes. Additionally, the O3 production efficiency was the highest due to a low NOx with the highest NOz/NOy ratio among the four episodes. When westerlies were dominant in transport-south episode, the nighttime concentration of O3 remained as high as 40~50 ppbv due to the minimum level of NOx titration. Overall, the Seoul Metropolitan Area is at NOx-saturated and VOC-limited conditions, which was diagnosed by indicator species and VOC/NOx ratios.

scholarly journals FOREDUNE EVOLUTION AT A PROGRADING LOW-ENERGY SEA-BREEZE DOMINATED MICRO-TIDAL BEACH

2020 ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Gabriela Medellin ◽  
Alec Torres-Freyermuth
Keyword(s):  
Sea Breeze ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Coastal Hazards ◽  
Relative Role ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Resilience Index ◽  
Coastal Resilience ◽  
Natural Protection ◽  
Dune Height

Foredunes provide habitat and natural protection in coastal areas. The dune formation and development are controlled by aeolian, marine, and ecological processes (Hesp, 2002; Houser, 2009). The dune height is a key parameter for determining storm impact on barrier islands (Sallenger, 2000) and for calculating the Coastal Resilience Index (Dong et al., 2018). Therefore, the understanding of the relative role of both aeolian and marine processes on controlling dune evolution are fundamental for coastal hazards assessment on the context of climate change. A previous study (Cohn et al., 2018) conducted on a meso-tidal beach suggested that extreme water level can contribute to dune growth. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the role of aeolian and marine processes on the dune growth at a low-energy sea-breeze dominated micro-tidal beach located in northern Yucatan peninsula by means of high-resolution beach surveys.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/6f7pM01_jho

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