Darcy model with optimized permeability distribution (DMOPD) approach for simulating two-phase flow in karst reservoirs

Darcy model fails to accurately model flow in karst reservoirs because the flow profiles in free-flow regions such as vugs, fractures and caves do not conform to Darcy’s law. Flows in karsts are often modelled using the Brinkman model. Recently, the DMOPD approach was introduced to reduce the complexity of modelling single-phase flow in Karst aquifers. Modelling two-phase flow using the Brinkman’s equation requires either a method of tracking the front or introducing the saturation component in the Brinkman’s equation. Both of these methods introduce further complexity to an already complex problem. We propose an alternative approach called the two-phase Darcy’s Model with optimized permeability distribution (TP-DMOPD) to model pressure and saturation distributions in karst reservoirs. The method is a modification to the DMOPD approach. Under the TP-DMOPD model, the caves are initially divided into zones and the permeability of each zone is estimated. During this stage of the TP-DMOPD model, the fluid inside the reservoir is assumed to be in a single-phase. Once the permeability distribution is obtained, the two-phase Darcy model is used to simulate flow in the reservoir. The example applications tested showed that the TP-DMOPD approach was able to model two-phase flow in karst reservoirs.

Numerical simulation for increasing the sand mastic adaptation of repairing the breakwater

As a breakwater gradually becomes obsolete, it becomes vulnerable to loss of its original functions and finally occurs corruption due to cavitation, scours inside, etc. The mortar grouting method, which has been in general applied in many cases, would invoke serious issues such as coastal environmental pollutions because of spilled-out cement before curing on the near sea. Thus, the sand mastic that utilizes the mastic asphalt becomes focused on as a substitute. However, the related study is hard to find in the domestic literature. In this study, therefore, the workability of sand mastic when filling up the cavitation inside a breakwater was evaluated with a 3-D numerical model, FLOW-3D. It was intended to propose the workability index (WI) of sand mastic based on the diffusion diameter. It has been shown that the temperature and the composition ratio of the asphalt are the most significant parameters on the rheologic characteristics of the sand mastic. As a result, it is recommended that the asphalt composition above 16% and the initial temperature above 150℃ when applying with a breakwater with inside cavitation.

Flow characteristics around midchannel islands in lowland rivers

Midchannel islands (MCIs) are influential instream geomorphic units generally emerge in lowland rivers. Despite their significant ecomorphological services in the river ecosystem, the flow structures around these self-forming riparian landforms are not fully understood yet. Understanding the flow pattern around these formations enables practitioners to produce cost-effective, sustainable, and eco-friendly river management projects/strategies. From this motivation, the secondary flow pattern around MCIs was analyzed employing RANS based numerical model. Flow around the simplified bodies were simulated to give a more precise analysis regarding flow-island interactions. Once the numerical validation process was completed for the cylinder using an experimental dataset, the validated model was implemented for islands (streamlined island, vertically sloped island (VSI), and realistically sloped island (RSI)). The simulations revealed these findings: 1) The RSI acted like a streamlined object and produced weaker lee-wake vortices with a longer recovery distance. 2) The RSI gained a better streamlined form near the bed than near the water surface due to enhanced elongation. 3) This situation generated highly variable coherent flow structures along the depth behind the MCI. 4) Due to the three-dimensionality of the RSI, the generated large-scale vortices propagated asymmetrically towards sides of the channel rather than remaining around the centerline.

Live Monitoring of Inflammation Reveals Tissue and Sex-specific Responses to Western Diet and Butyrate treatment

Obesity is a current epidemic, affecting millions of individuals worldwide. Chronic obesity is characterized by a low grade systemic inflammation besides not being a classic inflammatory disease. Many studies have tried to identify inflammatory insults dysregulated by a Westernized diet consisted of high fat, high sucrose, and high cholesterol mainly focusing on production and secretion of inflammatory cytokines. The gut microbiome and derived metabolites, including the short-chain fatty acid butyrate, have received increased attention as underlying some of the obesogenic features. In the present work, we utilized a novel biosensor mouse model capable of monitoring in vivo inflammation. We observed tissue- and sex- specific caspase 1 activation patterns in obese mice and treated with butyrate. Our work utilizing a caspase-1 biosensor mouse model, flow cytometry and computational analyses and offers new mechanistic insights underlying the effect of butyrate in obesity and its complications.

Fetal Tracheal Occlusion Increases Lung Basal Cells via Increased Yap Signaling

Fetal endoscopic tracheal occlusion (FETO) is an emerging surgical therapy for congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Ovine and rabbit data suggested altered lung epithelial cell populations after TO with transcriptomic signatures implicating basal cells. To test this hypothesis, we deconvolved mRNA-seq data and used quantitative image analysis in fetal rabbit lungs to showed increased basal cells and reduced ciliated cells after TO. In a fetal mouse TO model, flow cytometry showed increased basal cells, and immunohistochemistry demonstrated basal cell extension to the subpleura. Nuclear yap, a known regulator of basal cell fate, was increased in TO lung, and Yap ablation on the lung epithelium abrogated TO-mediated basal cell expansion. mRNA-seq of TO lung showed increased activity of downstream Yap genes. Human lung specimens with congenital and fetal endoscopic tracheal occlusion had clusters of subpleural basal cell that were not present in control. TO increases lung epithelial cell nuclear Yap leading to basal cell expansion.

Perspectives on The Monopoly of Religiusity in Novel Tuhan Maha Asyik 2 By Sujiwo Tejo and Dr. Muhammad Nursamad Kamba

This analysis aims to describe and explain forms of monopoly religiosity using micro, meso, and macro text analysis of Norman Fairclough's critical discourse model in the novel Tuhan Maha Asyik 2 by Sujiwo Tejo and DR. Muhammad Nursamad Kamba. This analysis uses a descriptive-analytical method with the object of research in the form of the power of certain groups over religion in the novel Tuhan Maha Asyik 2. The data collection technique in this analysis is documentation. The technique used to analyze the data using the flow model (flow model) Miles and Huberman. The source of the data used comes from the text of the novel Tuhan Maha Asyik 2 by Sujiwo Tejo and DR. Muhammad Nursamad Kamba 366 pages thick. The results of the analysis from the micro, meso, and macro levels show that there are forms of the monopoly of religiosity that are perpetuated by certain groups in society that require personal interests under the guise of religion. Certain groups monopolize religion, then God is ridden to legitimize political desires under the guise of religion, armed with the puncture of words on the pulpit. These sad messages were presented by Sujiwo Tejo and Dr Muhammad Nursamad Kamba in the sequel Tuhan Maha Asyik 2.

DEVELOPMENT OF INTEGRATED SCIENCE LEARNING INSTRUMENTS USING A HUMANISTIC APPROACH WITH ECONOMIC DRAWINGS

Research on the development of integrated science learning instruments helps students to develop their potential and character. The research involved the use of lesson plans, worksheets, syllabus, props and modules through four stages, namely the Four-D Model flow, namely definition, design, development, and dissemination. This research was conducted at MTsN 4 Bojonegoro. The research method is qualitative research by observing the field and collecting data based on the results of tests and questionnaires. The results of the study are as follows 1) students are more motivated to use teaching aids in integrated science learning, 2) by using economic teaching aids, students get an increase in cognitive knowledge and also character education and understand the relationship between knowledge and attitudes or actions in everyday life, 3) integrated science learning with economic aids should be used more intensively in science learning with different themes, 4) Each subject should provide opportunities for the teaching staff to develop economic teaching aids by utilizing used tools and materials from the surrounding environment.

Testing the validity of different synthetic scenarios for flow and transport simulation in karst systems using a real case study application.

<p>Climate change and pollution are posing additional unprecedented threats to existing water resources, especially to water supply from karst aquifers in Mediterranean and semi-arid regions. A numerical model considering the most important key hydraulic parameters can forecast the impact of any given input on model quality and quantity output. In this work, we propose to model flow and transport using Comsol multiphysics in a synthetic model and to apply it to a simplified real case study (Jeita spring in Lebanon supplying water to 1.5 million inhabitants). The model geometry consists of a 5300 m long variably saturated horizontal conduit portrayed as 1) 2-D continuum and/or 2) a channel draining a porous equivalent matrix (400 m thick). Flow is simulated using the Richards Equation in both saturated and unsaturated medium. Recharge is applied vertically as both diffuse and point source in a shaft linked to the conduit. Percentages of fast infiltration rates are obtained from the analysis of event time series recorded at the spring (electrical conductivity and discharge). Flow rates at the outlet are used for transient model calibration. Mean velocities, dispersivities, and phreatic conduit diameters obtained from tracer experiments under various flow periods are used for transport validation in the channel. The aim is to test the validity of a functional simplified flow model on a complex real case and to identify based on a sensitivity analysis the key parameters that allow an optimal calibration of such a model. </p>