scholarly journals A Systematic Review of MicroRNA Signatures Associated with the Progression of Leukoplakia with and without Epithelial Dysplasia

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1879
Author(s):  
Nadia Kaunein ◽  
Rishi Sanjay Ramani ◽  
Kendrick Koo ◽  
Caroline Moore ◽  
Antonio Celentano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Malignant Transformation ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Epithelial Dysplasia ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Oral Epithelial Dysplasia ◽  
Small Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Potentially Malignant

Oral cancer is a significant public health issue, being the eighth most common cancer worldwide with over 300,000 cases diagnosed annually. Early diagnosis and adequate management of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) before transformation into oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is critical to reduce deaths, morbidity, and to improve overall prognosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of protein expression and implicated in the control of numerous cellular pathways and impacting physiological, developmental, and pathological processes. Dysregulation of miRNAs has been reported in many cancers and has been demonstrated to play a critical role in cancer initiation, progression, apoptosis, invasion and metastasis. This systematic review provides a comprehensive summary of the prevailing literature on miRNA signatures in OPMDs, specifically leukoplakia with or without oral epithelial dysplasia, and their utility in predicting malignant transformation into OSCC. Eighteen articles describing 73 unique and differentially expressed microRNAs met the criteria for inclusion in this review. We reviewed the characteristics and methodology for each of these studies and assessed the sensitivity and specificity of the studied miRNAs in predicting malignant transformation. This systematic review highlights the significant interest in miRNAs and their tremendous potential as prognostic markers for predicting the malignant transformation of OPMDs into OSCC.

scholarly journals Malignant Transformation Rate in Patients Presenting Oral Epithelial Dysplasia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaffer A. Shariff ◽  
Athanasios I. Zavras
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Malignant Transformation ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Epithelial Dysplasia ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Transformation Rate ◽  
Oral Epithelial Dysplasia ◽  
Observational Cohort ◽  
Oral Epithelial

Objective. To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on studies that assess malignant transformation rates (MTR) of oral epithelial dysplasia. Materials and Methods. This review was planned and conducted in accordance with the meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines. PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases were screened to identify observational studies. Quality assessments were completed by two reviewers independently using the Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. Pooled-malignant transformation rate (MTR) in person years, subgroup, sensitivity, and publication bias analysis were calculated using STATA 13.0 and Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. Results. Sixteen observational cohort studies were identified with a total of 3708 participants from Asia, North America, and Europe. Analysis showed a MTR of 10.5% (pooled-MTR: 10.5, 95% CI: 3.7 to 17.3; fixed effect model, I2=0.0%; Q-value = 2.389; p>0.05) among patients with histologically confirmed oral epithelia dysplasia undergoing long-term follow-up. Higher MTR in person year were seen among the sever dysplastic cases (pooled-MTR: 14.4%, 95% CI: 5.3% to 23.5%), studies published in Europe (pooled-MTR: 12.6%, 95% CI: 8.0% to 24.3%), and retrospective studies (pooled-MTR: 11.0%, 95% CI: 2.2% to 19.9%). Conclusion. These studies show that oral epithelial dysplasia has a significant high rate of transformation to cancer.

scholarly journals Clinical Review and Management of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders with Epithelial Dysplasia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Mohammed Abdulhussain ◽  
Ali Sami Muhsin
Keyword(s):  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Precancerous Lesion ◽  
Oral Lesion ◽  
Epithelial Dysplasia ◽  
Premalignant Lesions ◽  
Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Oral Epithelial Dysplasia ◽  
Normal Oral Mucosa ◽  
Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Potentially Malignant

Background: Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) comprise any disorders, tumors, in addition to any microscopic alterations that have a risk of malignant development of cancers of the mouth. When epithelial dysplasia is detected in an oral lesion, it is termed as a precancerous lesion. Finding: Several changes in the color or thickness of normal oral mucosa might be detected during the clinical diagnosis of the oral lesions. Leukoplakia of the oral cavity is a clinical name for one of the most predominant OPMDs of the oral mucosa. When comparing oral examination with naked eyes to planning to apply staining with special stain or using an image of optical fluorescence, the incidence of patients with oral epithelial dysplasia may rise, as well as the clearing of the lesion boundary. Increased size of more than 2cm2, the presence of colored regions with a red hue, the presence of lichenoid process characteristics, and severe epithelial dysplasia are all considered risk factors. One-third of premalignant lesions may progress to cancer, whereas the other two-thirds may stay stable or regress without progressing to malignancy. Conclusion: It is critical to research the patients' unique characteristics, which include psychological, genetic, dietary, and dental problems. When epithelial dysplasia is present in an oral lesion, it is termed a precancerous lesion. Oral potential malignant diseases with epithelial dysplasia may or may not develop into carcinoma and may or may not be recurrent.

scholarly journals Clinical Review and Management of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders with Epithelial Dysplasia

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Mohammed Abdulhussain ◽  
◽  
Ali Sami Muhsin
Keyword(s):  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Precancerous Lesion ◽  
Oral Lesion ◽  
Epithelial Dysplasia ◽  
Premalignant Lesions ◽  
Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Oral Epithelial Dysplasia ◽  
Normal Oral Mucosa ◽  
Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Potentially Malignant

Background: Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) comprise any disorders, tumors, in addition to any microscopic alterations that have a risk of malignant development of cancers of the mouth. When epithelial dysplasia is detected in an oral lesion, it is termed as a precancerous lesion. Finding: Several changes in the color or thickness of normal oral mucosa might be detected during the clinical diagnosis of the oral lesions. Leukoplakia of the oral cavity is a clinical name for one of the most predominant OPMDs of the oral mucosa. When comparing oral examination with naked eyes to planning to apply staining with special stain or using an image of optical fluorescence, the incidence of patients with oral epithelial dysplasia may rise, as well as the clearing of the lesion boundary. Increased size of more than 2cm2, the presence of colored regions with a red hue, the presence of lichenoid process characteristics, and severe epithelial dysplasia are all considered risk factors. One-third of premalignant lesions may progress to cancer, whereas the other two-thirds may stay stable or regress without progressing to malignancy. Conclusion: It is critical to research the patients' unique characteristics, which include psychological, genetic, dietary, and dental problems. When epithelial dysplasia is present in an oral lesion, it is termed a precancerous lesion. Oral potential malignant diseases with epithelial dysplasia may or may not develop into carcinoma and may or may not be recurrent.

scholarly journals Combination of Cytopathology and DNA Ploidy Increases the Performance of Oral Epithelial Dysplasia Prediction in Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 69s-69s
Author(s):  
Z.B.A. Karim ◽  
T.G. Kallarakkal ◽  
R. Amtha ◽  
M.V. Guledgud ◽  
A. Telang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Dna Ploidy ◽  
Epithelial Dysplasia ◽  
Youden Index ◽  
Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Oral Epithelial Dysplasia ◽  
Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Potentially Malignant ◽  
Oral Epithelial

Background: Grading of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) by a pathologist is currently the key guide used for treatment planning of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). Conventional oral examination (COE) clinically detects OPMDs but may not predict their risk status to transform to cancer. Therefore, there is a need for a reliable test to predict OED in OPMDs. Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate COE, liquid based cytology (Cytopath) and DNA image cytometry (Ploidy) in predicting OED in OPMDs. Methods: A total of 179 patients from Malaysia, India and Indonesia underwent COE followed by brush biopsies and scalpel biopsies. Brush-biopsy samples were analyzed for cytopathology and DNA ploidy at Dental Faculty, University of Malaya. Histopathological findings of presence/absence of OED were used as the reference standard. Calculations for sensitivity (Sn), specificity (Sp), positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy (A) were done for individual tools and in combinations. The Youden index (Sn+Sp-1) was used as a measure of overall performance. The relevant medical ethics committees of the different research locations approved the study. Results: For COE, the sensitivity (Sn) was high (100%) and the specificity (Sp) was low (5.9%), while both Cytopath and Ploidy showed a low sensitivity (Sn) (28.6% and 22.2%) and high specificity (Sp) (94.3% and 82.3%). All 3 tools individually have high negative predictive value (NPV) for predicting presence of OED (COE-100%, Cytopath-66.7%, Ploidy-78.5%). When combining outcomes from all 3 tools, the best performance indicated by Youden index (42.1) is which defines a positive case when both COE and Cytopath show abnormal. In general, using results from at least 2 tools had better Youden indices than using these tools individually. Conclusion: COE as a screening tool by virtue of its high Sn would be a suitable first level diagnostic test, while the Cytopath and the Ploidy individually with high Sp may be used as a second level test to predict presence of OED. Combining the COE with cytopathology would be the best combination for a high performance of the tools. Cytopathology (when performed by a trained cytologist) would allow for most of the false positives from the first level test to be correctly identified as true negative at the second level. Longitudinal data are needed to assess which of these may correctly identify the malignant potential of OPMDs. Acknowledgment: Grant: High Impact Research - Ministry of Higher Education (HIR-MOHE UM000025/C3)

scholarly journals Visual Analytics: A Method to Explore Natural Histories of Oral Epithelial Dysplasia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stan Nowak ◽  
Miriam Rosin ◽  
Wolfgang Stuerzlinger ◽  
Lyn Bartram
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analytics ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Epithelial Dysplasia ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Oral Epithelial Dysplasia ◽  
Potentially Malignant ◽  
Oral Epithelial ◽  
Natural Histories

Risk assessment and follow-up of oral potentially malignant disorders in patients with mild or moderate oral epithelial dysplasia is an ongoing challenge for improved oral cancer prevention. Part of the challenge is a lack of understanding of how observable features of such dysplasia, gathered as data by clinicians during follow-up, relate to underlying biological processes driving progression. Current research is at an exploratory phase where the precise questions to ask are not known. While traditional statistical and the newer machine learning and artificial intelligence methods are effective in well-defined problem spaces with large datasets, these are not the circumstances we face currently. We argue that the field is in need of exploratory methods that can better integrate clinical and scientific knowledge into analysis to iteratively generate viable hypotheses. In this perspective, we propose that visual analytics presents a set of methods well-suited to these needs. We illustrate how visual analytics excels at generating viable research hypotheses by describing our experiences using visual analytics to explore temporal shifts in the clinical presentation of epithelial dysplasia. Visual analytics complements existing methods and fulfills a critical and at-present neglected need in the formative stages of inquiry we are facing.

scholarly journals Coetaneous Presentation of Oral Leukoplakia and Oral Submucous Fibrosis with High Grade Dysplasia and Its Management with Lasers: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (08) ◽  
pp. 464-469
Author(s):  
Preethi R ◽  
Malarkodi T ◽  
Arvind Krishnamurthy ◽  
Aravind Warrier S
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Transformation ◽  
Oral Submucous Fibrosis ◽  
Oral Leukoplakia ◽  
High Grade Dysplasia ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Oral Epithelial Dysplasia ◽  
Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Potentially Malignant ◽  
Submucous Fibrosis

Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) are diverse lesions associated with an increased likelihood for malignant transformation to oral cancer. The most frequently encountered OPMD in clinical practice are Oral Leukoplakia and oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF). The use of tobacco is consistently linked with leukoplakia and areca/betel nut with OSMF. Histopathological features of oral epithelial dysplasia, its varying grades are of immense clinical significance to evaluate its ability for malignant transformation. We report a case of homogenous leukoplakia and OSMF, two oral potentially malignant disorders occurring at the same site with high-grade dysplasia and its management using lasers.

scholarly journals Global Health Impacts of Dust Storms: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 117863022110183
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Aghababaeian ◽  
Abbas Ostadtaghizadeh ◽  
Ali Ardalan ◽  
Ali Asgary ◽  
Mehry Akbary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Emergency Medical Dispatch ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
English Articles

Background: Dust storms and their impacts on health are becoming a major public health issue. The current study examines the health impacts of dust storms around the world to provide an overview of this issue. Method: In this systematic review, 140 relevant and authoritative English articles on the impacts of dust storms on health (up to September 2019) were identified and extracted from 28 968 articles using valid keywords from various databases (PubMed, WOS, EMBASE, and Scopus) and multiple screening steps. Selected papers were then qualitatively examined and evaluated. Evaluation results were summarized using an Extraction Table. Results: The results of the study are divided into two parts: short and long-term impacts of dust storms. Short-term impacts include mortality, visitation, emergency medical dispatch, hospitalization, increased symptoms, and decreased pulmonary function. Long-term impacts include pregnancy, cognitive difficulties, and birth problems. Additionally, this study shows that dust storms have devastating impacts on health, affecting cardiovascular and respiratory health in particular. Conclusion: The findings of this study show that dust storms have significant public health impacts. More attention should be paid to these natural hazards to prepare for, respond to, and mitigate these hazardous events to reduce their negative health impacts. Registration: PROSPERO registration number CRD42018093325

scholarly journals DNA Methylation Patterns in Saliva of Tobacco users with High-Risk Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders

2021 ◽  
pp. 129-137
Author(s):  
Mimansha Patel ◽  
Madhuri Nitin Gawande ◽  
Minal Shashikant Chaudhary ◽  
Alka Harish Hande
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Malignant Transformation ◽  
Promoter Methylation ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Premalignant Lesions ◽  
Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Potentially Malignant ◽  
Methylation Patterns

Background: “Oral Potentially Malignant Disorder (OPMD)” is a well-known symptom that, if untreated, can be carcinogenic. It includes leukoplakia, erythroplakia or erythroleukoplakia. One of the typical premalignant lesions of the oral cavity is “oral leukoplakias (OLs),” which frequently precedes “OSCCs.”OLs with dysplastic characteristics are considered to be at a higher risk of “malignant transformation.” So, early diagnosis of "oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs)" is desperately required to enhance patient prognosis and quality of life (QOL).As a result, we examined the distinctive promoter methylation presence in high-risk OLs. Objectives: To detect, compare & correlate “DNA methylation” patterns in normal individuals, tobacco users without disease and tobacco users with the disease. Methodology: With the participants' full consent, 48 saliva samples were obtained and prepared. DNA isolation, restriction digestion of genomic DNA, extraction of restriction enzyme digested genomic DNA, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), and Agarose Gel Electrophoresis (AGE) were all carried out. Expected results: This study will help us to assess the use of Saliva as an aid to identifying both high and low risk “Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders.” Conclusion: Peculiar promoter methylation of various genes was related to a high possibility of malignant transformation in OLs.

Oral Epithelial Dysplasia Grading Systems: A Systematic Review & Meta-Analysis

2022 ◽  
pp. 106689692110701
Author(s):  
Zaid H. Khoury ◽  
Mohamed Sultan ◽  
Ahmed S. Sultan
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Observer Agreement ◽  
Epithelial Dysplasia ◽  
Primary Research ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Oral Epithelial Dysplasia ◽  
Grading Systems ◽  
Oral Epithelial

This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to provide a robust qualitative and quantitative analysis of the different systems used to assess the grade of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED). This study was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyzes (PRISMA) statement. Six electronic databases were searched for primary research published over the past four decades. Overall quality and level of evidence were based on the Johns Hopkins Research Evidence Appraisal Tool, while evidence of heterogeneity was determined by the Q-statistic and I^2 statistic. Evidence of publication bias was determined using Egger's regression and the Rank correlation tests. A total of 170 records were identified. Only 9 primary research articles were included in the qualitative systematic review. Four studies (4/9) were included in the final quantitative meta-analysis. The grading systems analyzed included the WHO, binary, Ljubljana, Smith and Pindborg, Brothwell, and the oral intraepithelial neoplasia. The results demonstrate the binary system to be superior to the WHO system in grading OED, by providing better inter-observer agreement, however, the substantial error among the inter-observer κ values analyzed indicates the significance of this finding to be of minimal impact. Lack of reliable reproducibility of the grading systems and lack of common effect size (heterogeneity analysis) were noted.

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