scholarly journals Fibrates: A Possible Treatment Option for Patients with Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm?

Biomolecules ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Naofumi Amioka ◽  
Toru Miyoshi
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Oxidative Effects

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening disease; however, there is no established treatment for patients with AAA. Fibrates are agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) that are widely used as therapeutic agents to treat patients with hypertriglyceridemia. They can regulate the pathogenesis of AAA in multiple ways, for example, by exerting anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects and suppressing the expression of matrix metalloproteinases. Previously, basic and clinical studies have evaluated the effects of fenofibrate on AAA. In this paper, we summarize the results of these studies and discuss the problems associated with using fenofibrate as a therapeutic agent for patients with AAA. In addition, we discuss a new perspective on the regulation of AAA by PPARα agonists.

scholarly journals Rolipram Prevents the Formation of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) in Mice: PDE4B as a Target in AAA

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 460
Author(s):  
Saray Varona ◽  
Lídia Puertas ◽  
María Galán ◽  
Mar Orriols ◽  
Laia Cañes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Phosphodiesterase 4 ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
Threatening Condition ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Effective Therapeutic Strategy

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a common life-threatening condition characterized by exacerbated inflammation and the generation of reactive oxygen species. Pharmacological treatments to slow AAA progression or to prevent its rupture remain a challenge. Targeting phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) has been verified as an effective therapeutic strategy for an array of inflammatory conditions; however, no studies have assessed yet PDE4 in AAA. Here, we used angiotensin II (AngII)-infused apolipoprotein E deficient mice to study the involvement of the PDE4 subfamily in aneurysmal disease. PDE4B but not PDE4D was upregulated in inflammatory cells from both experimental and human AAA. The administration of the PDE4 selective inhibitor rolipram (3 mg/kg/day) to AngII-challenged mice (1000 ng/kg bodyweight/min) protected against AAA formation, limiting the progressive increase in the aortic diameter without affecting the blood pressure. The drug strongly attenuated the rise in vascular oxidative stress (superoxide anion) induced by AngII, and decreased the expression of inflammatory markers, as well as the recruitment of macrophages (MAC3+), lymphocytes (CD3+), and neutrophils (ELANE+) into the vessel wall. Rolipram also normalized the vascular MMP2 expression and MMP activity, preserving the elastin integrity and improving the vascular remodelling. These results point to PDE4B as a new therapeutic target for AAA.

ASCENDING AORTIC ANEURYSM – A CASE REPORT

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 54-55
Author(s):  
Prathap Kumar. J.
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Ascending Aorta ◽  
Leg Pain ◽  
Ultrasound Screening ◽  
Ascending Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
Life Threatening

An aortic aneurysm is an abnormal dilation of the aorta to greater than 1.5 times its normal size. They usually cause no symptoms except when ruptured. Occasionally, there may be symptoms like abdominal, back, or leg pain. They are most commonly located in the abdominal aorta, but can also be located in the thoracic aorta, rarely in arch of aorta. Abdominal aortic aneurysm is more common in men, a disease that is often asymptomatic and has up to a 90% risk of mortality if the aneurysm ruptures. It can be easily diagnosed by an ultrasound screening, and if the aneurysm is > 5.5 cm, it can be surgically repaired to prevent a life-threatening rupture. Aneurysm of the ascending aorta is rare but can be easily diagnosed by echocardiogram.

Life-Threatening Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Secondary to Aortoenteric Fistula

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. CCRPM.S376
Author(s):  
Tasbirul Islam ◽  
George Hines ◽  
Douglas S. Katz ◽  
William Purtil ◽  
Francis Castiller
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Gastrointestinal Bleeding ◽  
Surgical Repair ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding ◽  
Aortoduodenal Fistula ◽  
Open Surgical Repair ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

We present a patient with gastrointestinal bleeding secondary to an aortoduodenal fistula. The patient had undergone an open surgical repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm five years prior to admission.

Aortoduodenal Fistula After Endovascular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 445-448
Author(s):  
Akihiro Hosaka ◽  
Masaru Nemoto ◽  
Manabu Motoki ◽  
Atsushi Akai ◽  
Masaaki Kato
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Primary Repair ◽  
Recurrent Infection ◽  
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair ◽  
Duodenal Wall ◽  
Aortoduodenal Fistula ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Aneurysm Repair

Aortoduodenal fistula after endovascular treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm is a very rare but life-threatening complication. Herein, we describe 4 cases of aortoduodenal fistula diagnosed at 15 to 78 months after the index aortic intervention, all successfully treated by surgery. All patients underwent primary repair of the duodenal wall, creation of tube duodenostomy, stent graft removal, and in situ reconstruction using a rifampicin-soaked prosthesis. Patients received prolonged antibiotic treatment for at least 2 months postoperatively, and all were free of recurrent infection at follow-up. Prompt and appropriate surgical intervention is required to effectively manage this condition.

scholarly journals Single-Cell Transcriptome Profiles Reveal Fibrocytes as Potential Targets of Cell Therapies for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bolun Li ◽  
Xiaomin Song ◽  
Wenjun Guo ◽  
Yangfeng Hou ◽  
Huiyuan Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Aortic Rupture ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Cell Transcriptome ◽  
Therapy Target

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is potentially life-threatening in aging population due to the risk of aortic rupture and a lack of optimal treatment. The roles of different vascular and immune cells in AAA formation and pathogenesis remain to be future characterized. Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on an angiotensin (Ang) II-induced mouse model of AAA. Macrophages, B cells, T cells, fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells were identified through bioinformatic analyses. The discovery of multiple subtypes of macrophages, such as the re-polarization of Trem2+Acp5+ osteoclast-like and M2-like macrophages toward the M1 type macrophages, indicates the heterogenous nature of macrophages during AAA development. More interestingly, we defined CD45+COL1+ fibrocytes, which was further validated by flow cytometry and immunostaining in mouse and human AAA tissues. We then reconstituted these fibrocytes into mice with Ang II-induced AAA and found the recruitment of these fibrocytes in mouse AAA. More importantly, the fibrocyte treatment exhibited a protective effect against AAA development, perhaps through modulating extracellular matrix production and thus enhancing aortic stability. Our study reveals the heterogeneity of macrophages and the involvement of a novel cell type, fibrocyte, in AAA. Fibrocyte may represent a potential cell therapy target for AAA.

scholarly journals Picture Quiz Answer: A Life-Threatening Cause of Abdominal Pain

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-77
Author(s):  
Fahd Rana ◽  
◽  
Muddassir Muhammad Shaikh ◽  
Priya Rajyaguru ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Surgical Repair ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
Life Threatening

Following review of the abdominal x-ray, an urgent CT aortogram was undertaken which showed an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) measuring 13 cm in width and 18.9 cm in length (Figure 2 and 3). Furthermore there was some stranding of tissue around the margins of the aorta superiorly consistent with an early leak of the aneurysm. Surgical repair of the giant AAA was carried out; however two days after operation the patient deteriorated suddenly and despite all attempts at resuscitation, he passed away.

My Patient Has No Blood Pressure: Have They Got an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm? Point-Of-Care Ultrasound of the Abdominal Aorta in Hypotensive Patients

Ultrasound ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 236-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audra Gedmintas ◽  
Matthew Grabove ◽  
Paul Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Abdominal Mass ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Point Of Care Ultrasound ◽  
Mass Detection ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Threatening Situation

Among patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with undifferentiated hypotension, how can point-of-care ultrasound (PoCUS) help identify abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) as the cause of the hypotension? Many hypotensive patients in the ED are critically ill, with only minutes available to find the cause of the hypotension and treat it before the patient decompensates. While the classic description of the presentation of a ruptured AAA is of collapse with sudden onset abdominal pain and a palpable, pulsatile abdominal mass, detection of AAA by palpation is notoriously unreliable, and many patients are unaware of their underlying condition. This life-threatening situation is made even more difficult by virtue of the fact that the patient is often too unstable to travel for traditional diagnostics such as computed tomography. This article will address the use of PoCUS for the detection of AAA in the evaluation of the hypotensive patient.

Abstract 122: STAT3 Mediates Toll-Like Receptor 4--Dependent Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Formation in Angiotensin II--Treated ApoE-/- Mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhexue Qin ◽  
Ho-Jin Park ◽  
Debbie Beasley ◽  
Jonas Galper ◽  
Yali Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Aortic Diameter ◽  
Tlr4 Expression ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 4 ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
Stimulation Of

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAAs) is a life threatening disease and currently the only treatment is surgical or endovascular repair. Using an animal model for AngiotensinII (AngII) mediated AAA formation in the ApoE-/- mouse, we demonstrate that AAA formation is dependent on the activation of the JAK/STAT pathway. STAT3 activity was increased in the abdominal aortas of Ang II treated ApoE-/- mice. Treatment of ApoE-/- mice with AngII and the p-STAT3 inhibitor S3I-201 decreased the incidence of AAA formation and aortic diameter by greater than 50% compared to placebo. While AngII treatment increased activity of MMP2 and MMP9 in aortas of ApoE-/- mice, S3I-201 treatment inhibited p-STAT3 stimulation and decreased MMP2 and MMP9 activity to levels similar to those in control aortas. The increase in p-STAT3 levels and the secretion of MMP2 and MMP9 in AngII treated bone marrow derived macrophages (BDMs) from ApoE-/- mice was inhibited by pretreatment with S3I-201. Interestingly, AngII stimulated TLR4 expression in AAAs and in BDMs from ApoE-/- mice. Based on these findings we determined the role of TLR4 on AAA formation and p-STAT3 stimulation in ApoE-/-TLR4-/- mice. The incidence of AAA formation, increase in aortic diameter and MMP2 and MMP9 activity were markedly decreased in AngII treated ApoE-/-TLR4-/- mice compared to ApoE-/- controls. Importantly, AngII stimulation of p-STAT3 was also decreased in ApoE-/-TLR4-/- mice compared to control. Similar effects on AngII stimulated p-STAT3 and activity of MMP2 and MMP9 were demonstrated in BMDs from ApoE-/-TLR4-/- mice. Treatment of ApoE-/- mice with the TLR4 inhibitor Eritoran (Eisai, Inc) also decreased the incidence and severity of AAAs, MMPs secretion and p-STAT3 activity. Finally, we determined that S3I-201 decreased AngII stimulated TLR4 expression in AngII treated ApoE-/- mice and in BDM from ApoE-/- mice compared to placebo. These data supported the conclusion that AngII stimulation of AAAs is mediated via a TLR4 dependent activation of p-STAT3 and that both p-STAT3 and TLR4 might be potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of AAAs.

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