scholarly journals Salusin-β in Intermediate Dorsal Motor Nucleus of the Vagus Regulates Sympathetic-Parasympathetic Balance and Blood Pressure

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1118
Author(s):  
Lu-Lu Wu ◽  
Jin-Hua Bo ◽  
Fen Zheng ◽  
Feng Zhang ◽  
Qi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Superoxide Anion ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Motor Nucleus ◽  
Vagal Activity ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Superoxide Anion Production ◽  
Dorsal Motor Nucleus ◽  
Anion Production

The dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) is known to control vagal activity. It is unknown whether the DMV regulates sympathetic activity and whether salusin-β in the DMV contributes to autonomic nervous activity. We investigated the roles of salusin-β in DMV in regulating sympathetic-parasympathetic balance and its underline mechanisms. Microinjections were carried out in the DMV and hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in male adult anesthetized rats. Renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA), blood pressure and heart rate were recorded. Immunohistochemistry for salusin-β and reactive oxidative species (ROS) production in the DMV were examined. Salusin-β was expressed in the intermediate DMV (iDMV). Salusin-β in the iDMV not only inhibited RSNA but also enhanced vagal activity and thereby reduced blood pressure and heart rate. The roles of salusin-β in causing vagal activation were mediated by NAD(P)H oxidase-dependent superoxide anion production in the iDMV. The roles of salusin-β in inhibiting RSNA were mediated by not only the NAD(P)H oxidase-originated superoxide anion production in the iDMV but also the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptor activation in PVN. Moreover, endogenous salusin-β and ROS production in the iDMV play a tonic role in inhibiting RSNA. These results indicate that salusin-β in the iDMV inhibits sympathetic activity and enhances vagal activity, and thereby reduces blood pressure and heart rate, which are mediated by NAD(P)H oxidase-dependent ROS production in the iDMV. Moreover, GABAA receptor in the PVN mediates the effect of salusin-β on sympathetic inhibition. Endogenous salusin-β and ROS production in the iDMV play a tonic role in inhibiting sympathetic activity.

Abstract 225: Treatment with LCZ696, an Orally Active Angiotensin Receptor Neprilysin Inhibitor Prevents Ischemic Brain Damage

Hypertension ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-Yu Bai ◽  
Masaki Mogi ◽  
Hirotomo Nakaoka ◽  
Harumi Kan-no ◽  
Kana Tsukuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Superoxide Anion ◽  
Angiotensin Ii Receptor ◽  
Superoxide Anion Production ◽  
Ischemic Brain Damage ◽  
Ischemic Brain ◽  
Neprilysin Inhibitor ◽  
Anion Production ◽  
Orally Active

Objective: Recent accumulating evidence suggests that an orally active angiotensin II receptor-neprilysin inhibitor, LCZ696, was supposed to be superior compared to angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB), valsartan alone in treating cardiovascular disease. We previously reported that ARBs prevent ischemic brain damage using middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mouse model. Moreover, natriuretic peptides such as atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) or brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) increased by neprilysin inhibitor are also reported to protect brain damage. Therefore, we investigate the possible protective effects of valsartan (VAL) compared with LCZ696 (LCZ) (VAL+ neprilysin inhibitor; 1:1) on the prevention of ischemic damage after stroke. Methods: Focal brain ischemia was induced by MCAO with the intraluminal filament technique in 10-week male C57BL/6J mice. Mice were treated with VAL (3 mg/kg) or LCZ (6 mg/kg) orally as powder in gelatin mini-capsules daily for 2 weeks before MCAO. Ischemic area was evaluated by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining, cerebral blood flow (CBF) by laser-Doppler flowmetry, oxidative stress by dihydroethidium staining. Results: Telemetry method showed that systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate (HR) did not change before and after treatments. Protective effect of LCZ treatment on ischemic brain damage in each brain section seemed to be more marked than that of VAL treatment. The average ischemic area ratio showed a significant reduction in VAL and LCZ groups compared with CON group. CBF in the peripheral region around ischemic core was significantly improved after treatments. Moreover, VAL and LCZ treatments significantly decreased the increase of superoxide anion production in the cortex of ischemic side. However, significant differences of CBF and superoxide anion production were not observed in VAL and LCZ. Conclusions: Both valsartan and LCZ696 treatments exerted preventive effects on ischemic stroke. The preventive effect of LCZ696 seemed more prominent than VAL. LCZ696 could be a novel powerful approach to protect brain after stroke. Further investigation has been performed to clarify the protective effect of LCZ696 on ischemic brain damage.

In vivo reactive oxygen species production induced by ischemia in muscle arterioles of mice: involvement of xanthine oxidase and mitochondria

2008 ◽  
Vol 294 (2) ◽  
pp. H821-H828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Baudry ◽  
Elisabeth Laemmel ◽  
Eric Vicaut
Keyword(s):  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Superoxide Anion ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Complex Iii ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Mitochondrial Complex ◽  
Superoxide Anion Production ◽  
Anion Production

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) participate in tissue injury after ischemia-reperfusion. Their implication in leukocyte adherence and increase in permeability at the venular side of the microcirculation have been reported, but very little is known about ROS production in arterioles. The objective of this work was to evaluate, in the arteriole wall in vivo, the temporal changes in superoxide anion production during ischemia and reperfusion and to identify the source of this production. Mouse cremaster muscle was exposed to 1 h of ischemia followed by 30 min of reperfusion, and superoxide anion production was assessed by a fluorescent probe, i.e., intracellular dihydroethidium oxidation. During ischemia, we found a significant increase in dihydroethidium oxidation; however, we observed no additional increase in fluorescence during the subsequent reperfusion. This phenomenon was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with superoxide dismutase. Allopurinol (xanthine oxidase inhibitor) or stigmatellin [Qo-site (oriented toward the intermembrane space) inhibitor of mitochondrial complex III] or simultaneous administration of these two inhibitors significantly reduced superoxide production during ischemia to 80%, 88%, and 72%, respectively, of that measured in the untreated ischemia-reperfusion group. By contrast, no significant inhibition was found when NADPH oxidase was inhibited by apocynin or when mitochondrial complex I or complex II was inhibited by rotenone or thenoyltrifluoroacetone. A significant increase in ROS was found with antimycin A [Qi-site (located in the inner membrane and facing the mitochondrial matrix) inhibitor of mitochondrial complex III]. We conclude that a significant increase in ROS production occurs during ischemia in the arteriolar wall. This increased production involves both a cytoplasmic source (i.e., xanthine oxidase) and the mitochondrial complex III at the Qo site.

Lactate and P o 2 Modulate Superoxide Anion Production in Bovine Cardiac Myocytes

Circulation ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 614-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamal M. Mohazzab-H. ◽  
Pawel M. Kaminski ◽  
Michael S. Wolin
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Myocytes ◽  
Superoxide Anion ◽  
Superoxide Anion Production ◽  
Anion Production

scholarly journals Opsonization of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans by Immunoglobulin G Antibody Reactive with Phosphorylcholine

2002 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 6485-6488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Purkall ◽  
John G. Tew ◽  
Harvey A. Schenkein
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Oxidative Burst ◽  
Superoxide Anion ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils ◽  
Actinobacillus Actinomycetemcomitans ◽  
Superoxide Anion Production ◽  
Protective Antibody ◽  
Anion Production ◽  
Human Sera

ABSTRACT We used two strains of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, one bearing phosphorylcholine (PC) (strain D045D-40) and one devoid of PC antigens (strain DB03A-42), as well as a nonencapsulated strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae (strain 39937), to examine the opsonic properties of physiological concentrations (⩽30 μg/ml) of purified human anti-PC immunoglobulin G (IgG). Anti-PC bound to both A. actinomycetemcomitans DO45D-40 and S. pneumoniae 39937 and induced superoxide anion production by polymorphonuclear neutrophils; induction of the oxidative burst was inhibited by antibodies to either CD16 or CD32. Thus, anti-PC IgG at concentrations present in most human sera promotes the opsonization of PC-expressing strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans in the absence of complement, implying that anti-PC may be a protective antibody against such strains of bacteria.

scholarly journals Effect of N-acetyl-l-cysteine on peroxynitrite and superoxide anion production of lung alveolar macrophages in systemic sclerosis

Nitric Oxide ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Failli ◽  
Loredana Palmieri ◽  
Caterina D’Alfonso ◽  
Lisa Giovannelli ◽  
Sergio Generini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Alveolar Macrophages ◽  
Superoxide Anion ◽  
Superoxide Anion Production ◽  
Anion Production
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