scholarly journals Mining the Built Environment: Telling the Story of Urban Mining

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 388
Author(s):  
Faisal Aldebei ◽  
Mihály Dombi
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Construction And Demolition Waste ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Urban Mining

Materials are continuously accumulating in the human-built environment since massive amounts of materials are required for building, developing, and maintaining cities. At the end of their life cycles, these materials are considered valuable sources of secondary materials. The increasing construction and demolition waste released from aging stock each year make up the heaviest, most voluminous waste outflow, presenting challenges and opportunities. These material stocks should be utilized and exploited since the reuse and recycling of construction materials would positively impact the natural environment and resource efficiency, leading to sustainable cities within a grander scheme of a circular economy. The exploitation of material stock is known as urban mining. In order to make these materials accessible for future mining, material quantities need to be estimated and extrapolated to regional levels. This demanding task requires a vast knowledge of the existing building stock, which can only be obtained through labor-intensive, time-consuming methodologies or new technologies, such as building information modeling (BIM), geographic information systems (GISs), artificial intelligence (AI), and machine learning. This review paper gives a general overview of the literature body and tracks the evolution of this research field.

Clean construction and demolition waste material cycles through optimised pre-demolition waste audit documentation: A review on building material assessment tools

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 923-941
Author(s):  
Melanie Rašković ◽  
Arne M Ragossnig ◽  
Krzysztof Kondracki ◽  
Michaela Ragossnig-Angst
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Building Material ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Construction And Demolition Waste ◽  
Waste Stream ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Urban Mining ◽  
Existing Building

Waste from the construction sector poses huge challenges for sustainable waste management. This is not only due to the vast amount of waste produced in construction and demolition activities, but also due to pollutants potentially contained in these products. Subject to these conditions, waste management must ensure recovery of as many resources as possible, while making sure to keep material loops clean. This demanding task requires more knowledge about the existing building stock and an adaptation of current demolition processes. Innovative technologies, such as Building Information Modelling, or modern frameworks, such as Geographic Information Systems, offer a high potential to synoptically provide stock material information for future demolition activities for individual objects to be deconstructed as well as for whole cities as a basis for managing the anthropogenic stock and potential urban mining. Suitable methods of data collection allow for acquiring the desired input for the generation of building stock models enriched with demolition-related information. With the latter, selective deconstruction strategies as well as appropriate waste stream routing agendas can be planned and executed, thereby securing safety at work during the demolition process itself and a waste stream routing according to the waste hierarchy. This review article gives an overview of currently deployed building material assessment tools (data capture and visualisation), both a prerequisite for improved information on materials and geometry (and thereby mass/volume). In addition, this article describes workflows employable for the purpose of urban mining in end-of-life buildings, of which one holistic approach will be described in depth.

scholarly journals Organizational and technological cycle of life of a construction object

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 02161
Author(s):  
Muhammet Fakhratov ◽  
Vitaly Chulkov ◽  
Dmitry Fayzullin ◽  
Salavat Zaidullin
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Construction And Demolition Waste ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Life Cycle Approach ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Graphic Model ◽  
Innovation Processes

During the life cycle, the state of an object is modified. The information for stepwise and phased study of innovation processes is characterized as local and torn in time, while the life cycle approach regards the process of creating and developing technological innovations as a dynamically synchronized system. The development of organizational and technological systems is being implemented in two directions: the improvement of basic and the creation of fundamentally new technologies. The life cycles of all objects, processes and systems are built on one info graphic model: any life cycle begins with the birth, passes through the stages of growth, maturity, decay and decline. Therefore, it is advisable to consider the innovative investment and construction life cycle of an object as a combination of a series of successive stages (cycles). They are sub-cycles during the period from the beginning of the idea of the initial design and construction of an object until the demolition, complete disassembly, disposal of construction and demolition waste (CDW) and non-recyclable parts of them.

scholarly journals Proposal for a Methodology for Sustainable Rehabilitation Strategies of the Existing Building Stock—The Ponte Gêa Neighborhood

Designs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Michael M. Santos ◽  
João C. G. Lanzinha ◽  
Ana Vaz Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Construction And Demolition Waste ◽  
Expected Improvement ◽  
Water Efficiency ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Agenda 2030 ◽  
Development Agenda ◽  
The City

Having in mind the objectives of the United Nations Development Agenda 2030, which refers to the sustainable principles of a circular economy, it is urgent to improve the performance of the built environment. The existing buildings must be preserved and improved in order to reduce their environmental impact, in line with the need to revert climate change and reduce the occurrence of natural disasters. This work had as its main goal to identify and define a methodology for promoting the rehabilitation of buildings in the Ponte Gêa neighborhood, in the city of Beira, Mozambique, with an emphasis on energy efficiency, water efficiency, and construction and demolition waste management. The proposed methodology aims to create a decision support method for creating strategic measures to be implemented by considering the three specific domains—energy, water, and waste. This model allows for analyzing the expected improvement according to the action to be performed, exploring both individual and community solutions. It encompasses systems of standard supply that can reveal greater efficiency and profitability. Thus, the in-depth knowledge of the characteristics of urban space and buildings allows for establishing guidelines for the renovation process of the neighborhood.

A Study on the Establishment of Demolition Waste DB System by BIM-Based Building Materials

2014 ◽  
Vol 522-524 ◽  
pp. 806-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Woo Park ◽  
Gi Wook Cha ◽  
Won Hwa Hong ◽  
Hyun Cheol Seo
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Item List ◽  
Design Construction

Recently, BIM (Building Information Modeling) became mandatory in Korea, and BIM started to be implemented in construction area. It is a design tool for maximizing the efficiency of design, construction, and maintenance throughout the entire lifecycle, but there are not many studies about the demolition wastes (DW) in the demolition stage. This study gathered basic data concerning the development of a database of DW disposed in the demolition stage using BIM-based building material database. For this, a BIM software, ARCHICAD, and construction material categories of the item list system of the PPS (Public Procurement Service) were analyzed to select major building materials. Based on the analysis, the disposal routes were analyzed considering the characteristics of DW. The database of DW was developed by examining the disposal routes of 52 major construction materials selected according to the characteristics of each material during demolition and selecting 7 major DW.

scholarly journals Unification of the development of information models of buildings at the demolition stage

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Ginzburg ◽  
Anastasiia Khaustova
Keyword(s):  
Building Design ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Construction And Demolition Waste ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Building Projects ◽  
Information Models ◽  
Phase Calculation ◽  
Modeling Software ◽  
Moscow City ◽  
Design Characteristics

The study aims to develop standardized BIM methods for buildings that are part of the Moscow city renovation program. This problem is extremely urgent, since there are no digitized sources of typical projects of the last century, and this complicates the process of calculating the generation of construction and demolition waste and casts doubt on its accuracy. At the stage of high quality and timely dismantling phase (calculation of the weight of construction and demolition waste, scheduling of work and transportation of waste), this process can be automated using information modeling software – Autodesk Revit 2019. This will complement the existing information model by including in it one of the final stages of the building’s life cycle – dismantling, which in transparency, accessibility and completeness will not be inferior to the blocks of design, examination, construction and operation. On the basis of albums of typical building projects, you can get a lot of information to create the necessary project families and specifications, which will greatly simplify and speed up the process of developing building demolition projects in the future, since with each new project libraries of elements, materials, families will be supplemented. The article presents the process of developing a project template for the phase of the dismantling of buildings. A new project parameter has been created, assigned to each material of the project template, the necessary parametric and design characteristics have been assigned for further calculations based on the simulated building design, a design specification has been developed, on the basis of which data on the weight of construction and demolition waste can be quickly obtained, relevant checks carried out for different types of developed and basic project families.

scholarly journals Development of New Eco-Efficient Cement-Based Construction Materials and Recycled Fine Aggregates and EPS from CDW

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 381-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar Mercader-Moyano ◽  
Maria Victoria Requena García-de-la-Cruz ◽  
Marta Edith Yajnes
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Construction And Demolition Waste ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Improve Energy Efficiency ◽  
Efficient Construction ◽  
Construction Product

Background: This research paper presents the results of the characterization and adaptation of the construction product developed by the Experimental Centre of Production of the Faculty of Architecture, Design and Urbanism of the University of Buenos Aires, Argentina (CEP FADU UBA) for Spanish regulations. Additionally, it shows the study of the industrialization of its manufacturing process in Spain. The product consists of a cement-based compound that includes recycled fine ceramic aggregates and EPS from rehabilitation works. Objectives: The aim of this research work is to propose a new eco-efficient construction product adapted to Spanish and European regulations in order to minimize the environmental impact of the construction activity, improve energy efficiency and reduce construction costs. Furthermore, it is presented as a solution to the problem that construction and demolition waste management represents. Method and Results: Samples have been tested to the water absorption and compression resistance tests according to UNE standards. These parameters serve to delimit its use in new sustainable constructive solutions for the design of zero energy consumption buildings (nZEB). Conclusion: Results show that it is possible to obtain certain samples that include recycled ceramic aggregates and EPS which present good response to the mechanical and water absorption tests. In addition, it is obtained that industrializing this product in Spain is complex due to the current waste management system.

A construction and demolition waste management model applied to social housing to trigger post-pandemic economic recovery in Mexico

2021 ◽  
pp. 0734242X2110528
Author(s):  
Pilar Mercader-Moyano ◽  
Patricia Edith Camporeale ◽  
Jesús López-López
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Social Housing ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Construction And Demolition Waste ◽  
Economic Recovery ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Demolition Waste

Buildings consume 40% of raw material and primary energy and generate 35% of industrial waste worldwide, making this sector play a main role in raw material depletion, energy consumption and carbon emissions which provoke great environmental impact and worsen Global Warming. Latin American countries including Mexico have the world’s highest urbanisation rate (84%) but lack effective construction and demolition waste (CDW) management to thrive in regenerative sustainability, climate change mitigation and post-pandemic economic recovery. This work applies the Spanish current model to quantify on-site 61 Mexican social housing CDW with surveys to workers and supervisors as an additional source of data. The results of the case study show that social housing consumes 1.24 t.m−2 of raw materials and produces 0.083 t.m−2 of CDW. Cement-based, ceramic and mixed CDW represent 83.44% of total CDW. When considering inert soil as a recyclable resource, 78% of the remaining CDW ends in landfills and only 22% of it goes to recycling plants. The implementation of this methodology will deliver sustainable CDW management in Mexico, by minimising CDW production, promoting related legislation and allowing replacement of current construction materials for eco-efficient ones. Furthermore, these data can broaden the Spanish coefficients of the construction resources that become CDW to build an internationally sourced database.

scholarly journals Design for Deconstruction Using Integrated Lean Principles and BIM Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7856
Author(s):  
Mohamed Marzouk ◽  
Ahmed Elmaraghy
Keyword(s):  
Building Information Modeling ◽  
National Level ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Construction And Demolition Waste ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Continuous Change ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Lean Principles ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Building Elements

Existing buildings are characterized by the continuous change in the functional requirements of their end-users. As such, they are subjected to renovation or reconstruction, which is associated with total or partial demolition of the buildings, leading to an increase in construction and demolition waste. In addition, the materials abandoning the circular loop leave an adverse impact on the environment. This research integrates the building information modeling (BIM) approach and lean principles to ensure the early involvement of key participants in the decision-making process. This approach aids in planning the sequencing of deconstruction planning phases required before actual demolition activities take place. The paper presents the practical implementation of a BIM plug-in Tool. The assumptions and the scope based on which the plug-in was designed are briefly discussed. A case study for a mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) BIM model is introduced to illustrate the practical features of the proposed BIM plug-in Tool. The results encourage the selective dismantling of building elements based on the customers’ needs. Building information modeling capabilities in deconstruction planning were also investigated. The proposed tool aids in decreasing the uncertainties involved in demolition projects. The tool can be implemented on a national level to automate the deconstruction projects and optimize the extraction of salvaged building elements. The recovery option for such elements and their final destiny can be secured with sufficient time before their dismantling from their original locations.

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