scholarly journals Organoid and Spheroid Tumor Models: Techniques and Applications

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 874
Author(s):  
Sreenivasulu Gunti ◽  
Austin T.K. Hoke ◽  
Kenny P. Vu ◽  
Nyall R. London
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Drug Screening ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Tissue Interactions ◽  
Chip Technology ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Culture Models ◽  
Tumor Modeling ◽  
Conventional Cell ◽  
On Chip

Techniques to develop three-dimensional cell culture models are rapidly expanding to bridge the gap between conventional cell culture and animal models. Organoid and spheroid cultures have distinct and overlapping purposes and differ in cellular sources and protocol for establishment. Spheroids are of lower complexity structurally but are simple and popular models for drug screening. Organoids histologically and genetically resemble the original tumor from which they were derived. Ease of generation, ability for long-term culture and cryopreservation make organoids suitable for a wide range of applications. Organoids-on-chip models combine organoid methods with powerful designing and fabrication of micro-chip technology. Organoid-chip models can emulate the dynamic microenvironment of tumor pathophysiology as well as tissue–tissue interactions. In this review, we outline different tumor spheroid and organoid models and techniques to establish them. We also discuss the recent advances and applications of tumor organoids with an emphasis on tumor modeling, drug screening, personalized medicine and immunotherapy.

scholarly journals Human intestinal models to study interactions between intestine and microbes

Open Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 200199
Author(s):  
Arturo Aguilar-Rojas ◽  
Jean-Christophe Olivo-Marin ◽  
Nancy Guillen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Human Intestine ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
Cell Culture Systems ◽  
Culture Models ◽  
Three Dimensional Models ◽  
Conventional Cell

Implementations of suitable in vitro cell culture systems of the human intestine have been essential tools in the study of the interaction among organs, commensal microbiota, pathogens and parasites. Due to the great complexity exhibited by the intestinal tissue, researchers have been developing in vitro / ex vivo systems to diminish the gap between conventional cell culture models and the human intestine. These models are able to reproduce different structures and functional aspects of the tissue. In the present review, information is recapitulated on the most used models, such as cell culture, intestinal organoids, scaffold-based three-dimensional models, and organ-on-a-chip and their use in studying the interaction between human intestine and microbes, and their advantages and limitations are also discussed.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional cell culture models for anticancer drug screening: Worth the effort?

2017 ◽  
Vol 233 (4) ◽  
pp. 2993-3003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eddy-Tim Verjans ◽  
Jordi Doijen ◽  
Walter Luyten ◽  
Bart Landuyt ◽  
Liliane Schoofs
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Anticancer Drug ◽  
Drug Screening ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Culture Models ◽  
Cell Culture Models ◽  
Dimensional Cell

scholarly journals Factors to consider when interrogating 3D culture models with plate readers or automated microscopes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry Riss ◽  
O. Joseph Trask
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
Fluorescent Imaging ◽  
Culture Models ◽  
Assay Methods ◽  
Diffusion Rates ◽  
Cell Culture Models ◽  
Dimensional Cell ◽  
Cells Cultured

AbstractAlong with the increased use of more physiologically relevant three-dimensional cell culture models comes the responsibility of researchers to validate new assay methods that measure events in structures that are physically larger and more complex compared to monolayers of cells. It should not be assumed that assays designed using monolayers of cells will work for cells cultured as larger three-dimensional masses. The size and barriers for penetration of molecules through the layers of cells result in a different microenvironment for the cells in the outer layer compared to the center of three-dimensional structures. Diffusion rates for nutrients and oxygen may limit metabolic activity which is often measured as a marker for cell viability. For assays that lyse cells, the penetration of reagents to achieve uniform cell lysis must be considered. For live cell fluorescent imaging assays, the diffusion of fluorescent probes and penetration of photons of light for probe excitation and fluorescent emission must be considered. This review will provide an overview of factors to consider when implementing assays to interrogate three dimensional cell culture models.

scholarly journals Applying phasor approach analysis of multiphoton FLIM measurements to probe the metabolic activity of three-dimensional in vitro cell culture models

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pirmin H. Lakner ◽  
Michael G. Monaghan ◽  
Yvonne Möller ◽  
Monilola A. Olayioye ◽  
Katja Schenke-Layland
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
In Vitro Cell Culture ◽  
Culture Models ◽  
Cell Culture Models

scholarly journals Mimicking Epithelial Tissues in Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Models

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Núria Torras ◽  
María García-Díaz ◽  
Vanesa Fernández-Majada ◽  
Elena Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Epithelial Tissues ◽  
Culture Models ◽  
Cell Culture Models ◽  
Dimensional Cell
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