Human intestinal models to study interactions between intestine and microbes

Implementations of suitable in vitro cell culture systems of the human intestine have been essential tools in the study of the interaction among organs, commensal microbiota, pathogens and parasites. Due to the great complexity exhibited by the intestinal tissue, researchers have been developing in vitro / ex vivo systems to diminish the gap between conventional cell culture models and the human intestine. These models are able to reproduce different structures and functional aspects of the tissue. In the present review, information is recapitulated on the most used models, such as cell culture, intestinal organoids, scaffold-based three-dimensional models, and organ-on-a-chip and their use in studying the interaction between human intestine and microbes, and their advantages and limitations are also discussed.

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Mammary gland 3D cell culture systems in farm animals

Veterinary Research ◽

10.1186/s13567-021-00947-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 52 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Laurence Finot ◽

Eric Chanat ◽

Frederic Dessauge

Keyword(s):

Cell Culture ◽

Mammary Gland ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

3D Cell Culture ◽

Farm Animals ◽

Culture Systems ◽

Cell Culture Systems

AbstractIn vivo study of tissue or organ biology in mammals is very complex and progress is slowed by poor accessibility of samples and ethical concerns. Fortunately, however, advances in stem cell identification and culture have made it possible to derive in vitro 3D “tissues” called organoids, these three-dimensional structures partly or fully mimicking the in vivo functioning of organs. The mammary gland produces milk, the source of nutrition for newborn mammals. Milk is synthesized and secreted by the differentiated polarized mammary epithelial cells of the gland. Reconstructing in vitro a mammary-like structure mimicking the functional tissue represents a major challenge in mammary gland biology, especially for farm animals for which specific agronomic questions arise. This would greatly facilitate the study of mammary gland development, milk secretion processes and pathological effects of viral or bacterial infections at the cellular level, all with the objective of improving milk production at the animal level. With this aim, various 3D cell culture models have been developed such as mammospheres and, more recently, efforts to develop organoids in vitro have been considerable. Researchers are now starting to draw inspiration from other fields, such as bioengineering, to generate organoids that would be more physiologically relevant. In this chapter, we will discuss 3D cell culture systems as organoids and their relevance for agronomic research.

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In Vitro Lung Models and Their Application to Study SARS-CoV-2 Pathogenesis and Disease

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v13050792 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 792

Author(s):

Natalie Heinen ◽

Mara Klöhn ◽

Eike Steinmann ◽

Stephanie Pfaender

Keyword(s):

Cell Culture ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Pharmaceutical Companies ◽

Cell Culture Techniques ◽

Culture Techniques ◽

Novel Treatment ◽

Cell Culture Systems ◽

Drug Efficiency

SARS-CoV-2 has spread across the globe with an astonishing velocity and lethality that has put scientist and pharmaceutical companies worldwide on the spot to develop novel treatment options and reliable vaccination for billions of people. To combat its associated disease COVID-19 and potentially newly emerging coronaviruses, numerous pre-clinical cell culture techniques have progressively been used, which allow the study of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, basic replication mechanisms, and drug efficiency in the most authentic context. Hence, this review was designed to summarize and discuss currently used in vitro and ex vivo cell culture systems and will illustrate how these systems will help us to face the challenges imposed by the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

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Applying phasor approach analysis of multiphoton FLIM measurements to probe the metabolic activity of three-dimensional in vitro cell culture models

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/srep42730 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Pirmin H. Lakner ◽

Michael G. Monaghan ◽

Yvonne Möller ◽

Monilola A. Olayioye ◽

Katja Schenke-Layland

Keyword(s):

Cell Culture ◽

Metabolic Activity ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

In Vitro Cell Culture ◽

Culture Models ◽

Cell Culture Models

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Microscale three-dimensional polymeric platforms for in vitro cell culture systems

Journal of Biomaterials Science Polymer Edition ◽

10.1163/156856201753113105 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 921-932 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Jennifer Deutsch Snyder ◽

Tejal Ashwin Desai

Keyword(s):

Cell Culture ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Culture Systems ◽

In Vitro Cell Culture ◽

Cell Culture Systems

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Production and the characterization of avian crypt-villus enteroids and the effect of chemicals

10.21203/rs.2.19481/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Mohan Acharya ◽

Komala Arsi ◽

Annie Donoghue ◽

Rohana Liyanage ◽

Narayan C Rath

Keyword(s):

Cell Culture ◽

Intestinal Mucosa ◽

Culture Medium ◽

Disease Modeling ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Mammalian Species ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Gut Health ◽

Three Dimensional Models

Abstract Background: Three-dimensional models of cell culture such as organoids and mini organs accord better advantage over regular cell culture because of their ability to simulate organ functions hence, used for disease modeling, metabolic research, and the development of therapeutics strategies. However, most advances in this area are limited to mammalian species with little progress in others such as poultry where it can be deployed to study problems of agricultural importance. In the course of enterocyte culture in chicken, we observed that intestinal mucosal villus-crypts self-repair and lead to the formation of enteroid-like structures which appeared to be useful as ex vivo models to study enteric physiology and diseases. Results: The villus-crypts harvested from chicken intestinal mucosa were cultured to generate enteroids, purified by filtration then re cultured with different chemicals and growth factors to assess their response based on their morphological dispositions. Histochemical analyses using marker antibodies and probes showed the enteroids consisting different cells such as epithelial, goblet, and enteroendocrine cells typical to villi and retain functional characteristics of intestinal mucosa. Conclusions: The villus enteroids can simulate villus functions with their absorptive cells functionally positioned and exposed to culture medium thus, can help understand the mechanisms of nutrient uptake and their regulation, interactions with alien organisms, and amenable to assays of the factors that may affect gut health.

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3D culture technologies of cancer stem cells: promising ex vivo tumor models

Journal of Tissue Engineering ◽

10.1177/2041731420933407 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

pp. 204173142093340 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Chengye Zhang ◽

Zhaoting Yang ◽

Da-Long Dong ◽

Tae-Su Jang ◽

Jonathan C. Knowles ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Cancer Stem Cells ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

3D Culture ◽

Cell Matrix ◽

Culture Models ◽

Three Dimensional Culture ◽

Three Dimensional Models

Cancer stem cells have been shown to be important in tumorigenesis processes, such as tumor growth, metastasis, and recurrence. As such, many three-dimensional models have been developed to establish an ex vivo microenvironment that cancer stem cells experience under in vivo conditions. Cancer stem cells propagating in three-dimensional culture systems show physiologically related signaling pathway profiles, gene expression, cell–matrix and cell–cell interactions, and drug resistance that reflect at least some of the tumor properties seen in vivo. Herein, we discussed the presently available Cancer stem cell three-dimensional culture models that use biomaterials and engineering tools and the biological implications of these models compared to the conventional ones.

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