Inhibition of CDK4/6 as Therapeutic Approach for Ovarian Cancer Patients: Current Evidences and Future Perspectives

Alterations in components of the cell-cycle machinery are present in essentially all tumor types. In particular, molecular alterations resulting in dysregulation of the G1 to S phase transition have been observed in almost all human tumors, including ovarian cancer. These alterations have been identified as potential therapeutic targets in several cancer types, thereby stimulating the development of small molecule inhibitors of the cyclin dependent kinases. Among these, CDK4 and CDK6 inhibitors confirmed in clinical trials that CDKs might indeed represent valid therapeutic targets in, at least some, types of cancer. CDK4 and CDK6 inhibitors are now used in clinic for the treatment of patients with estrogen receptor positive metastatic breast cancer and their clinical use is being tested in many other cancer types, alone or in combination with other agents. Here, we review the role of CDK4 and CDK6 complexes in ovarian cancer and propose the possible use of their inhibitors in the treatment of ovarian cancer patients with different types and stages of disease.

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Aberrant Cholesterol Metabolism in Ovarian Cancer: Identification of Novel Therapeutic Targets

Frontiers in Oncology ◽

10.3389/fonc.2021.738177 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Jiangnan He ◽

Michelle K.Y. Siu ◽

Hextan Y. S. Ngan ◽

Karen K. L. Chan

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Mammalian Cells ◽

Cholesterol Metabolism ◽

Cholesterol Biosynthesis ◽

Therapeutic Targets ◽

Multiple Cancer ◽

Cancer Types ◽

Characteristic Features ◽

Rate Limiting

Cholesterol is an essential substance in mammalian cells, and cholesterol metabolism plays crucial roles in multiple biological functions. Dysregulated cholesterol metabolism is a metabolic hallmark in several cancers, beyond the Warburg effect. Reprogrammed cholesterol metabolism has been reported to enhance tumorigenesis, metastasis and chemoresistance in multiple cancer types, including ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer is one of the most aggressive malignancies worldwide. Alterations in metabolic pathways are characteristic features of ovarian cancer; however, the specific role of cholesterol metabolism remains to be established. In this report, we provide an overview of the key proteins involved in cholesterol metabolism in ovarian cancer, including the rate-limiting enzymes in cholesterol biosynthesis, and the proteins involved in cholesterol uptake, storage and trafficking. Also, we review the roles of cholesterol and its derivatives in ovarian cancer and the tumor microenvironment, and discuss promising related therapeutic targets for ovarian cancer.

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ROLE OF LIPID PROFILE IN OVARIAN CARCINOMA PATIENTS

International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies ◽

10.32553/ijmbs.v3i8.501 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (8) ◽

Author(s):

Dr. Manisha ◽

Dr. Ruchi Jindal

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Ovarian Tumor ◽

Ovarian Cancer Risk ◽

Low Level ◽

Medical College ◽

Group I ◽

History Of

Background: The term "ovarian cancer" includes several different types of cancer that arise from cells of the ovary, most commonly, tumors arise from the epithelium or lining cells of the ovary. Ovarian cancer risk is positively associated with higher consumption of dietary cholesterol and eggs, and inversely associated with a higher intake of vegetables. High consumption of fats may increase circulating estrogen levels, thus increasing the possibility of cell damage and proliferation that is responsible for cancerous growth. Material & Methods: The present study was conducted at Geetanjali Medical College and Hospital, Udaipur (Rajasthan). Total 100 cases (females) attending the obstetrics and gynecology department for some gynecological and other problem were selected for this study between the age of 40-60 years, who were attending cancer centre at GEETANJALI MEDICAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL, Udaipur (Rajasthan). GROUP I: - It consisted of healthy females control subjects (n=50) .By routine examination and tests, we ensured that all the subjects were healthy and there were no signs and symptoms or history of ovarian tumor and diseases GROUP II: - It consisted of ovarian cancer females subjects (n=50) with a history of ovarian tumor. Results: Higher level of cholesterol, LDL, VLDL and low level of HDL are found in ovarian cancer patients. Conclusion: The present study we highlights the importance and role of serum lipid profile in diagnosis, prognosis and recurrence of the disease. The study shows that serum level of cholesterol, LDL, VLDL was elevated in patients of ovarian cancer while low level of HDL are found in ovarian cancer patients. Key words: lipid profile, ovarian cancer.

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Identification of cluster of differentiation molecule-associated microRNAs as potential therapeutic targets for gastrointestinal cancer immunotherapy

The International Journal of Biological Markers ◽

10.1177/17246008211005473 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 172460082110054

Author(s):

Hanyu Zhang ◽

Mingxing Li ◽

Parham Jabbarzadeh Kaboli ◽

Huijiao Ji ◽

Fukuan Du ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cancer Immunotherapy ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Gastrointestinal Cancer ◽

Therapeutic Targets ◽

Microrna Expression ◽

The Cancer Genome Atlas ◽

Gastrointestinal Cancers ◽

Almost All ◽

Cluster Of Differentiation

Background: Cluster of differentiation molecules are markers of immune cells that have been identified as a potential immunotherapeutic target for cancer treatment. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that act as tumor suppressors or oncogenes whose importance in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of gastric and colorectal cancers has been widely reported. However, their association with cluster of differentiation molecules in gastrointestinal cancers has not been well studied. Therefore, our study aimed to analyze the relationship between microRNAs and cluster of differentiation molecules in gastrointestinal cancers, and to identify cluster of differentiation molecule-associated microRNAs as prognostic biomarkers for gastrointestinal cancer patients. Methods: Targetscan, Starbase, DIANA microT, and miRDB were used to investigate microRNA profiles that might be correlated with cluster of differentiation molecules in gastrointestinal cancers. Moreover, The Cancer Genome Atlas data analysis was used to investigate the association between cluster of differentiation molecules and microRNA expression in patients with gastric, colon, rectal, pancreatic, and esophageal cancers. The Kaplan–Meier plotter was used to identify the association between overall survival and cluster of differentiation molecule-associated microRNA expression in gastrointestinal cancer patients. Results: miR-200a, miR-559, and miR-1236 were negatively associated with CD86, CD81, and CD160, respectively, in almost all types of gastrointestinal cancers, which were further verified in the in vitro studies by transfecting microRNA mimics in gastric cancer, colon cancer, pancreatic, and esophageal cell lines. Conclusion: Our study showed that miR-200a, miR-1236, and miR-559 are identified as cluster of differentiation-associated microRNAs in gastrointestinal cancers, providing a novel perspective to identify new therapeutic targets for cancer immunotherapy in gastrointestinal cancer patients.

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The Role of Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy Using Paclitaxel in Platinum-Sensitive Recurrent Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Patients with Microscopic Residual Disease after Cytoreduction

Annals of Surgical Oncology ◽

10.1245/s10434-014-4049-z ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 987-993 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Pedro Antonio Cascales-Campos ◽

J. Gil ◽

E. Feliciangeli ◽

E. Gil ◽

A. González-Gil ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Epithelial Ovarian Cancer ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy ◽

Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy ◽

Residual Disease ◽

Platinum Sensitive ◽

Microscopic Residual Disease

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c-MYC and Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

Frontiers in Oncology ◽

10.3389/fonc.2021.601512 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Jeyshka M. Reyes-González ◽

Pablo E. Vivas-Mejía

Keyword(s):

Patient Outcome ◽

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Standard Of Care ◽

Initial Response ◽

Platinum Resistance ◽

Therapy Regimen ◽

Clinical Challenge ◽

Tumor Types ◽

Improve Patient

Ovarian cancer is the deadliest of gynecological malignancies with approximately 49% of women surviving 5 years after initial diagnosis. The standard of care for ovarian cancer consists of cytoreductive surgery followed by platinum-based combination chemotherapy. Unfortunately, despite initial response, platinum resistance remains a major clinical challenge. Therefore, the identification of effective biomarkers and therapeutic targets is crucial to guide therapy regimen, maximize clinical benefit, and improve patient outcome. Given the pivotal role of c-MYC deregulation in most tumor types, including ovarian cancer, assessment of c-MYC biological and clinical relevance is essential. Here, we briefly describe the frequency of c-MYC deregulation in ovarian cancer and the consequences of its targeting.

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