Mast Cells and the Pancreas in Human Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes

Matilde Masini; Mara Suleiman; Michela Novelli; Lorella Marselli; Piero Marchetti; Vincenzo De Tata

doi:10.3390/cells10081875

Mast Cells and the Pancreas in Human Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells10081875 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1875

Author(s):

Matilde Masini ◽

Mara Suleiman ◽

Michela Novelli ◽

Lorella Marselli ◽

Piero Marchetti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Mast Cells ◽

Beta Cells ◽

Autoimmune Diabetes ◽

The Other ◽

Innate And Adaptive Immunity ◽

Autoimmune Destruction

Mast cells are highly differentiated, widely distributed cells of the innate immune system, that are currently considered as key regulators of both innate and adaptive immunity. Mast cells play a key role in health and survival mechanisms, especially as sentinel cells that can stimulate protective immune responses. On the other hand, it has been shown that mast cells are involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases, and recently a possible pathogenetic role of mast cells in diabetes has been proposed. In this review we summarize the evidence on the increased presence of mast cells in the pancreas of subjects with type 1 diabetes, which is due to the autoimmune destruction of insulin secreting beta cells, and discuss the differences with type 2 diabetes, the other major form of diabetes. In addition, we describe some of the pathophysiological mechanisms through which mast cells might exert their actions, which could be targeted to potentially protect the beta cells in autoimmune diabetes.

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Regulatory Role of Heat Shock Proteins in the Pathogenesis of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes

Current Immunology Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573395513666170606121625 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Christiane Habich ◽

Henrike Sell ◽

Volker Burkart

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Heat Shock ◽

Heat Shock Proteins ◽

Regulatory Role ◽

Shock Proteins

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Type 1 Diabetes-related Autoantibodies in Different Forms of Diabetes

Current Diabetes Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573399814666180730105351 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 199-204 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Elin Pettersen Sørgjerd

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Autoimmune Diabetes ◽

Acid Decarboxylase ◽

Adult Onset ◽

Latent Autoimmune Diabetes ◽

Childhood Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Childhood Type

Autoantibodies against Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase (GADA), insulinoma antigen-2 (IA- 2A), insulin (IAA) and the most recently Zinc Transporter 8 (ZnT8A) are one of the most reliable biomarkers for autoimmune diabetes in both children and adults. They are today the only biomarkers that can distinguish Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA) from phenotypically type 2 diabetes. As the frequency of autoantibodies at diagnosis in childhood type 1 diabetes depends on age, GADA is by far the most common in adult onset autoimmune diabetes, especially LADA. Being multiple autoantibody positive have also shown to be more common in childhood diabetes compared to adult onset diabetes, and multiple autoantibody positivity have a high predictive value of childhood type 1 diabetes. Autoantibodies have shown inconsistent results to predict diabetes in adults. Levels of autoantibodies are reported to cause heterogeneity in LADA. Reports indicate that individuals with high levels of autoantibodies have a more type 1 diabetes like phenotype and individuals with low levels of autoantibody positivity have a more type 2 diabetes like phenotype. It is also well known that autoantibody levels can fluctuate and transient autoantibody positivity in adult onset autoimmune diabetes have been reported to affect the phenotype.

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